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88-470: Carnival Corporation & plc is a British and American cruise operator with a combined fleet of over ninety vessels across nine cruise line brands and one joint venture with China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). A dual-listed company , Carnival is composed of the Panama -incorporated, US-headquartered Carnival Corporation, and UK-based Carnival plc, which function as one entity. Carnival Corporation

176-399: A 2-8-0 , was re-acquired in 2001, rebuilt, and re-entered service in 2008. Also operational, a few times a year, is an original steam-powered rotary snowplow , an essential device in the line's commercial service days. (The rotaries were retired in 1964, along with the remaining steam engines that pushed them, and snow clearing was done by caterpillar tractor .) While it is not needed, as

264-409: A court-supervised worldwide environmental-compliance program for each of its cruise ships. For dumping oiled waste into the seas and lying to cover it up, Princess Cruise Lines was fined $ 40 million in 2016. According to federal authorities, it was the "largest-ever criminal penalty" for intentional vessel pollution. Officials said that these practices began in 2005 and persisted until August 2013, when

352-454: A cruise ship company in 1973. Holland America continued to thrive well into the 1980s, consolidating its business with the acquisitions of Westours, Windstar Cruises and Home Lines . In 1989 however, it was itself the subject of an acquisition, when it was purchased in full by Carnival Corporation. P&O Cruises was originally a subsidiary of the British shipping company P&O and

440-476: A few small switchers. On June 30, 1964, the line retired its last steam locomotive. The railroad was an early pioneer of intermodal freight traffic, commonly called containerization ; advertising of the time referred to it as the Container Route . The WP&YR owned an early container ship ( Clifford J. Rogers , built in 1955), and in 1956 introduced containers, although these were far smaller than

528-474: A fleet. AIDA was renamed AIDAcara , with AIDAvita and AIDAaura launched in 2002 and 2003 respectively. Carnival Cruise Line was founded in 1972 as a subsidiary of American International Travel Service (AITS), by Ted Arison and Meshulam Riklis . Due to mounting debts, Riklis sold his stake in the company to Arison for $ 1 in 1974. Through the acquisition of existing ships the company continued to grow. In 1980, Carnival ordered its first new commission,

616-413: A gold-coated steel spike being driven by a descendant of WP&YR contractor Michael James Heney . One organization chartered a steam-pulled train from Carcross to Fraser, with a stopover at Bennett, on Friday, June 24, 2005. When participants seemed unlikely to reach the planned numbers, surplus seats were sold to the public (120 USD or 156 CAD), with bus return to Carcross from Fraser. This represented

704-607: A merger with Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd . The deal unraveled as Carnival Corporation initiated a hostile takeover with improved terms for British shareholders. Carnival sold Windstar Cruises to Ambassadors Group in February 2007 and Swan Hellenic to Lord Sterling in March 2007. In October 2015, CSSC Carnival Cruise Shipping , a joint venture between Carnival, the China Investment Corporation , and

792-457: A new ore dock at Skagway, and assorted work on the rail line to improve alignment. In the fall of 1969, a new tunnel and bridge that bypassed Dead Horse Gulch were built to replace the tall steel cantilever bridge that could not carry the heavier trains. This enormous investment made the company dependent on continued ore traffic to earn the revenue, and left the railway vulnerable to loss of that ore-carrying business. As well, passenger traffic on

880-408: A newly hired engineer blew the whistle. As part of its plea agreement, ships of the parent company Carnival Cruise lines were subjected to a court supervised environmental compliance plan for five years. For violation of the probation terms of 2016 Carnival and its Princess line were ordered to pay an additional $ 20 million penalty in 2019. The new violations included discharging plastic into waters in

968-541: A petroleum pipeline near the railroad tracks. The operator's mistake caused the pipeline to rupture and spill between 1,000 and 5,000 US gallons (830 and 4,160  imp gal ; 3,800 and 18,900  L ) of heating oil into the Skagway River. Roadmaster Edward Hanousek Jr. and President M. Paul Taylor Jr. were charged with several crimes associated with the accident. Both men maintained their innocence throughout many years of extensive litigation. After remand by

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1056-630: A re-opening of the line as a heritage railway . The White Pass was and is perfectly positioned to sell a railroad ride through the mountains to cruise ship tourists; they do not even have to walk far from their ships. Following a deal between White Pass and the United Transportation Union, representing Alaska employees of the road, the White Pass Route was reopened between Skagway and White Pass in 1988: purely for tourist passenger traffic. The White Pass Route also bid on

1144-515: A regular iron spike. A gold spike was on hand, but the gold was too soft and instead of being driven, was just hammered out of shape. As the gold rush wound down, serious professional mining was taking its place; not so much for gold as for other metals such as copper , silver and lead . The closest port was Skagway, and the only route there was via the White Pass & Yukon Route's river boats and railroad. While ores and concentrates formed

1232-541: A separate company, listed on the London Stock Exchange and retaining its British shareholder body and management team. The company was renamed Carnival plc, with the operations of the two companies merged into one entity. Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc jointly own all the operating companies in the Carnival group. Prior to Carnival Corporation's acquisition, P&O Princess Cruises plc had agreed to

1320-623: A strange and colorful assortment began arriving at Skagway. The single-largest group was seven D&RGW K-28 class 2-8-2's acquired prior to the lease, in August 1942, 2-8-0's from the Silverton Northern and the Colorado & Southern , all over 40 years old, and a pair of ET&WNC 4-6-0's soon appeared, among others, as well as eleven new War Department Class S118 2-8-2's. WP&Y's original roster of 10 locomotives and 83 cars

1408-529: Is a separate entity founded in 2015, in which Carnival owns a 40% stake while the majority is controlled by Chinese shareholders. AIDA Cruises originated from the state-owned East German shipping conglomerate Deutsche Seereederei, established in Rostock, Germany , in 1952. The company entered the passenger market in the 1960s, but after the unification of Germany in 1990, the company was privatised and its passenger ships acquired by Deutsche Seetouristik. In 1996,

1496-768: Is based in Southampton , England, and operates a fleet of seven ships, dedicated to serving the British market. In 2002 the Carnival Corporation pleaded guilty in United States District Court in Miami to criminal charges related to falsifying records of the oil-contaminated bilge water that six of its ships dumped into the sea from 1996 through 2001. The Carnival Corporation was ordered to pay $ 18 million in fines and perform community service, received five years' probation and must submit to

1584-707: Is listed on the New York Stock Exchange , whereas Carnival plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange with an ADR listing on the NYSE. Carnival is listed in both the S&;P 500 and FTSE 250 indices. The American entity Carnival Corporation has its headquarters in the United States, with operational headquarters located in the city of Doral, Florida . The UK entity Carnival plc has its headquarters in Southampton , England . Carnival Corporation

1672-524: Is scheduled to begin operation in 2023. CSSC Carnival was founded in October 2015 as a joint venture, worth about $ 4 billion over ten years, between British/American cruise line Carnival Corporation & plc, Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation , and Chinese shipbuilder China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). CSSC Carnival is headquartered in Hong Kong. It is majority owned by

1760-583: The Tropicale , which was completed in 1981/2. Three further ships were commissioned during the 1980s, the Holiday (1985), Jubilee (1986) and Celebration (1987). In 1987, Carnival completed an initial public offering of 20 percent of its common stock on the New York Stock Exchange, raising approximately $ 400m in capital. The capital raised was used to finance acquisitions, so in 1993

1848-595: The Alaska Highway as an all-weather overland route to ensure communication. One of the principal staging points for construction was Whitehorse, which could be supplied by the WP&;YR. By that time the railroad was a financially-starved remnant from Klondike gold rush days, with well-worn engines and rolling stock. Despite this, the railroad moved 67,496 short tons (61,231 t) during the first 9 months of 1942, more than double its prewar annual traffic. Even this

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1936-820: The Carnival Cruise Line . The railway was designated as an international historic civil engineering landmark by the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering and the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1994. The line was born of the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897. The most popular route taken by prospectors to the gold fields in Dawson City was a treacherous route from the port in Skagway or Dyea, Alaska , across

2024-784: The China State Shipbuilding Corporation , was founded, with operations expected to commence in 2019. In March 2018, Carnival Corporation announced its intention to invest in the construction of a new terminal in the port of Sasebo, Japan. It is expected to open in 2020. In June 2018, Carnival Corporation announced that it had acquired the White Pass and Yukon Route from TWC Enterprises Limited for US$ 290 million. The properties acquired were port, railroad and retail operations in Skagway, Alaska . All cruise ship itineraries were cancelled in March 2020 due to

2112-589: The Duchess , is now in Carcross. In 1910, the WP&YR operated a branch line to Pueblo, a mining area near Whitehorse. This branch line was abandoned in 1918; a haul-road follows that course today but is mostly barricaded; a Whitehorse Star editorial in the 1980s noted that this route would be an ideal alignment if the Alaska Highway should ever require a bypass reroute around Whitehorse. By June 1914,

2200-723: The Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad (45 miles (72 km)). WP&YR acquired some rolling stock from Canadian National 's Newfoundland operations, which shut down in November 1988; the acquisition included 8 side-pivot, drop-side air dump cars for large rocks, and 8 longitudinal hoppers for ballast , still painted in CN orange. These cars were converted from Newfoundland's 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge bogies to White Pass and Yukon Route's 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge bogies. Most trains are hauled by

2288-655: The Great Depression , traffic was sparse on the WP&YR, and for a time trains operated as infrequently as once a week. Alaska became strategically important for the United States during World War II ; there was concern that the Japanese might invade it, as Alaska was the closest part of the United States to Japan. Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor , the decision was made by the US and Canadian governments to construct

2376-630: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as US$ 1.7 billion. As of September 2020, the no-sail rule by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention prohibited cruising in the U.S. until October 31, 2020, at the earliest. Members of the Cruise Lines International Association , including Carnival Corporation & plc, had announced in early August that its members were extending a voluntary suspension until October 31; that applied to cruises that were to depart from

2464-657: The ore -haul from the newly reopened Faro mine, but its price was considerably higher than road haulage over the Klondike Highway . The railway still uses vintage parlor cars, the oldest four built in 1881 and predating WP&YR by 17 years, and four new cars built in 2007 follow the same 19th-century design. At least eight cars have wheelchair lifts. A work train reached Whitehorse on September 22, 1988, its intent being to haul two locomotives, parked in Whitehorse for six years, to Skagway to be overhauled and used on

2552-583: The 1990s has led to many companies being bought by much larger holding companies and to operate as "brands" within larger corporations. Brands exist partly because of repeat customer loyalty, and also to offer different levels of quality and service. For instance, Carnival Corporation & plc owns both Carnival Cruise Line , whose former image were vessels that had a reputation as "party ships" for younger travellers, but have become large, modern, yet still profitable, and Holland America Line , whose ships cultivate an image of classic elegance. A common practice in

2640-451: The 20th century led to its cruise operations being rebranded as P&O Cruises and P&O Cruises Australia , with the company acquiring Princess Cruises in 1974. Following the demerger in 2000, the company also acquired AIDA Cruises , as well as establishing the A'Rosa Cruises and Ocean Village brands. In 2003, Carnival Corporation acquired P&O Princess Cruises plc. It was agreed that P&O Princess Cruises plc would remain

2728-615: The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, the President settled on a plea agreement on misdemeanor charges of making negligent misrepresentations to the Coast Guard. The Roadmaster was convicted on negligence-related charges. A serious derailment on September 3, 2006 resulted in the death of one section worker. A work train, Engine 114 pulling eight gravel cars, derailed approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Bennett, injuring all four train crew, two Canadian and two American; one died at

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2816-753: The Bahamas, falsifying records, and interfering with court supervision. Carnival has had various notable ships in the past including: Cruise line A cruise line is a company that operates cruise ships that operate on ocean or rivers and which markets cruises to the public. Cruise lines are distinct from passenger lines which are primarily concerned with transportation of passengers. Though cruise packages provided by cruise lines vary, there are some features most have in common, such as accommodation, all meals and entertainment. They may include alcohol and shore excursions, sometimes on additional payment. Among cruise lines, some are direct descendants of

2904-865: The British Columbia Yukon Railway Company (in British Columbia ) and the British Yukon Railway Company, originally known as the British Yukon Mining, Trading and Transportation Company (in Yukon), which used the trade name White Pass and Yukon Route. The railroad was sold by Clublink to a joint venture controlled by Survey Point Holdings, with a minority holding by the Carnival Corporation & plc parent company of

2992-480: The British tour operator Airtours . On January 13, 2012, Costa Concordia , a ship operated by the line, hit an underwater rock and ran aground in Isola del Giglio , Tuscany , resulting in 32 deaths. Investigations proved that the captain and general bad organization was responsible for the disaster, and the company was fined. Adora Cruises (CSSC Carnival Cruise Shipping) is a Chinese-British/American cruise line that

3080-527: The Chilkoot Pass. This need generated numerous railroad schemes . In 1897, the Canadian government received 32 proposals for Yukon railroads, and most were never realized. In 1897, three separate companies were organized to build a rail link from Skagway to Fort Selkirk, Yukon , 325 miles (523 km) away. Largely financed by British investors organized by Close Brothers merchant bank, a railroad

3168-513: The Chinese shareholders, which collectively own 60% of the company, with Carnival holding the remainder. The second oldest brand in the Carnival group after P&O, Cunard Line originated in 1840 and celebrated its 180th anniversary in 2020. It was founded by Samuel Cunard , who was awarded the first trans-Atlantic mail contract in 1837 and established the British and North American Royal Mail Steam-Packet Company in 1840. After initially dominating

3256-483: The U.S. or planned to stop at U.S. ports of call. In November 2020, the CEO said he was confident that "universal testing, which doesn't exist in any other industry of scale" would help start the cruising industry. The company's fourth quarter (ending 30 November 2020) financial statement released on January 11, 2021, indicated that one extra ship, in addition to the 18 previously planned, was to be sold. Carnival Corporation

3344-559: The WP&YR had 11 locomotives, 15 passenger cars and 233 freight cars operating on 110 miles (180 km) of trackage; generating $ 68,368 in passenger revenue and $ 257,981 in freight revenue; still a profitable operation as operating expenses were only $ 100,347. While all other railroads in the Yukon (such as the Klondike Mines Railway at Dawson City) had been abandoned by 1914, the WP&YR continued to operate. During

3432-415: The WP&YR was increasing as cruise ships started to visit Alaska's Inside Passage . There was no road from Skagway to Whitehorse until 1978. Even after the road was built, the White Pass still survived on the ore traffic from the mines. During this time, the green-yellow engine color scheme, with a thunderbird on the front, was replaced with blue, patterned with black and white. (The green-yellow scheme

3520-512: The brand, not the larger holding corporation, as the cruise line is also followed in the member cruise lines in Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) and the member-based reviews of cruise lines. White Pass and Yukon Route The railroad began construction in 1898 during the Klondike Gold Rush as a means of reaching the gold fields. With its completion in 1900, it became the primary route to

3608-474: The bulk of the traffic, the railroad also carried passenger traffic, and other freight. There was, for a long time, no easier way into the Yukon Territory, and no other way into or out of Skagway except by sea. Financing and route was in place to extend the rails from Whitehorse to Carmacks , but there was chaos in the river transportation service, resulting in a bottleneck. The White Pass instead used

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3696-452: The business was restructured as a holding company, under the name Carnival Corporation, with Carnival Cruise Line becoming its principal subsidiary. Costa Cruises originates from a cargo shipping company founded by Giacomo Costa fu Andrea in Genoa, Italy in 1854. Better known as Costa Line or C Line by the 1920s, its first passenger carrier was Maria C , a former U.S. Navy stores ship that

3784-458: The company launched its first new cruise ship AIDA , but after failing to achieve a profit, the ship was sold to Norwegian Cruise Line , continuing operations under a charter agreement. In 1999, Deutsche Seetouristik was acquired by British shipping company P&O , with the AIDA name being repurchased from NCL. P&O formed AIDA Cruises as a subsidiary brand, with two new ships ordered to form

3872-425: The company until 1971. From the late 1960s until the 1980s, Costa rapidly developed its passenger operations into what we now recognise as modern cruise ships. In 1987, it consolidated its cruise ship operations into a new company, Costa Cruises, which at its peak, was the largest cruise ship operator in the world. The takeover of Costa Cruises by Carnival Corporation began in 1997, as a 50/50 deal between Carnival and

3960-782: The continental railroad network suggested Carmacks as a hub, with a branch line to Whitehorse and beyond to either Skagway or Haines, Alaska. Several former White Pass steam locomotives are currently in operation at tourist attractions in the Southeastern United States . Locomotives 70, 71, and 192 are at the Dollywood amusement park in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee . Locomotive 190 is at the Tweetsie Railroad in Boone, North Carolina . In late June 2010,

4048-431: The cruise industry in listing cruise ship transfers and orders is to list the smaller operating company, not the larger holding corporation, as the recipient cruise line of the sale, transfer, or new order. For example, Carnival Cruise Line and Holland America Line are the cruise lines whereas Carnival Corporation & plc and Royal Caribbean Group are considered holding corporations. This industry practice of using

4136-505: The distance between Skagway and Whitehorse is 107 miles (172 km), and the distance of line between Skagway and Carcross is 67.5 miles (109 km), this means that about 63% of the original line is now used again. Even when the length of the unused portion of the line is excluded, the WP&YR is longer than other notable North American narrow-gauge railroads, such as the Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroad (64 miles (103 km)) and

4224-426: The early 1900s, the company had separated its cargo and passenger operations, with its passenger ships being identifiable by names ending with dam , a tradition which continues with Holland America cruise ships today. The development of container shipping in the 1960s, forced the company to make a decision between investing in new cargo ships, or cruise ships. It ultimately sold its cargo operations, becoming exclusively

4312-463: The evening of July 8, 1898, Soapy Smith was killed in the Shootout on Juneau Wharf with guards at one of the vigilante's meetings. Samuel Graves witnessed the shooting. The railroad helped block off the escape routes of the gang, aiding in their capture, and the remaining difficulties in Skagway subsided. On July 21, 1898, an excursion train hauled passengers for 4 miles (6.4 km) out of Skagway,

4400-422: The first paid passenger trips out of Carcross since 1982, a feature that started regular service in 2007. White Pass president Gary Danielsen advised a CBC Radio interviewer that service to Whitehorse would require an enormous capital investment to restore the tracks, but the company is willing if there is either a passenger or freight potential to make it cost-effective. A June 2006 report on connecting Alaska to

4488-526: The first train to operate in Alaska. On July 30, 1898, the charter rights and concessions of the three companies were acquired by the White Pass & Yukon Railway Company Limited, a new company organized in London. Construction reached the 2,885-foot (879 m) summit of White Pass, 20 miles (32 km) away from Skagway, by mid-February 1899. The railway reached Bennett, British Columbia , on July 6, 1899. In

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4576-584: The flagship of the fleet. Holland America Line originated as Plate, Reuchlin & Company, founded in Rotterdam , Netherlands, in 1871. Initially struggling to survive, the company went public in 1873, renamed Nederlandsch Amerikaansche Stoomvaart Maatschappij (NASM). The company grew quickly in the early years, acquiring several new ships, including SS Rotterdam , which operated the company's first passenger cruise in 1895. The company also quickly became known by its shortened English name, Holland America Line. By

4664-612: The interior of the Yukon, supplanting the Chilkoot Trail and other routes. The route continued operation until 1982, and in 1988 was partially revived as a heritage railway. In July 2018, the railway was purchased by Carnival Corporation & plc . For many years the railroad was a subsidiary of Tri White Corporation, also the parent of Clublink , and operated by the Pacific and Arctic Railway and Navigation Company (in Alaska),

4752-530: The last narrow-gauge diesel locomotives built for a North American customer, was delivered to the White Pass. The five diesels sold to Colombia were not used there as they were too heavy, and were re-acquired in 1999; one was nearly lost at sea during a storm as it broke loose on the barge and slowly rolled towards the edge. The railway was the focus of the first episode of the BBC Television series Great Little Railways in 1983. The shutdown, however,

4840-419: The line from 5 to 15 February 1943 and from 27 January to 14 February 1944. The peak movement occurred on August 4, 1943, when the White Pass moved 38 trains north and south, totaling 3,346 gross short tons (3,035 t) (2,085 net short tons [1,891 t]), and 2,236 locomotive-miles (3,598 km) in 24 hours. Control of the railroad was handed back to its civilian operators late in 1944. In May, 1947,

4928-532: The line's diesel locomotives, painted in green (lower) and yellow (upper). However, one of the line's steam locomotives is still in operation, No. 73 , a 2-8-2 Mikado -type locomotive. Another steam locomotive, No. 40 a 2-8-0 Consolidation type locomotive was on loan from the Georgetown Loop R.R. in Colorado for a period of five years, but was returned after only two years. Former WP&Y 69,

5016-455: The money to purchase most of the riverboats, providing a steady and reliable transportation system between Whitehorse and Dawson City. While the WP&YR never built between Whitehorse and Fort Selkirk, some minor expansion of the railway occurred after 1900. In 1901, the Taku Tram , a 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -mile (4 km) portage railroad was built at Taku City, British Columbia , which

5104-523: The mountains to the Canada–US border at the summit of the Chilkoot Pass or the White Pass . There, the prospectors were not allowed across by Canadian authorities unless they had sufficient gear for the winter, typically one ton of supplies. This usually required several trips across the passes. There was a need for better transportation than pack horses used over the White Pass or human portage over

5192-481: The railroad and the City of Skagway entered into an agreement whereby the two would jointly advocate for the restoration of freight service on the line, including the revival of the trackage north of Carcross back to Whitehorse and the possibility of constructing new track north from Whitehorse to Carmacks. The expansion would require federal funds, and, if completed, would serve the region's mining industry. In July 2018,

5280-481: The railroad purchased its last steam locomotives. These were a pair of 2-8-2 Mikado type engines built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works of Philadelphia , numbered No. 72 and No. 73 . In 1951, the White Pass and Yukon Corporation Ltd., a new holding company, was incorporated to acquire the three railway companies comprising the WP&YR from the White Pass and Yukon Company, Ltd., which

5368-475: The railroad to follow the landscape more, rather than having to be blasted through it. Construction started in May 1898, but they encountered obstacles in dealing with the Skagway city government and the town's crime boss , Soapy Smith . The company president, Samuel H. Graves (1852–1911), was elected as chairman of the vigilante organization that was trying to expel Soapy and his gang of confidence men and rogues. On

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5456-485: The railway was purchased by Klondike Holdings and Carnival Corporation & plc , in a joint venture. In 1951, engine No. 70 caught a guardrail with its snowplow and rolled over on its side. The locomotive was repaired and now is in operation at Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee , working on the Dollywood Express . In 1994, during rock removal operations, a backhoe operator accidentally struck

5544-464: The summer of 1899, construction started north from Carcross to Whitehorse, 110 miles (177 km) north of Skagway. The construction crews working from Bennett along a difficult lakeshore reached Carcross the next year, and the last spike was driven on July 29, 1900, with service starting on August 1, 1900. By then much of the Gold Rush fever had died down. At the time, the gold spike was actually

5632-508: The tourist season is only in the summer months, it is a spectacle in operation, and the White Pass runs the steam plow for railfan groups once or twice each winter, pushed by two diesel locomotives (in 2000 only, it was pushed by two steam locomotives, Nos. 73 and 40). The centennial of the Golden Spike at Carcross was re-enacted on July 29, 2000, complete with two steam engines meeting nose-to-nose (No. 73 and No. 40), and

5720-508: The tourist trains. While in Whitehorse for approximately one week, it hauled the parked rolling stock – flatcars , tankers and a caboose – out of the downtown area's sidings, and the following year, they were hauled further south, many eventually sold. Most of the tracks in downtown Whitehorse have now been torn up, and the line's terminus is six city blocks south of the old train depot at First Avenue and Main Street. A single new track along

5808-432: The traditional passenger lines, while others were founded since the 1960s specifically for cruising. The business has been extremely volatile; the ships are massive capital expenditures with very high operating costs, and a slight dip in bookings can easily put a company out of business. Cruise lines frequently sell, renovate, or simply rename their ships to keep up with travel trends. A wave of failures and consolidations in

5896-416: The trans-Atlantic route, the need for new capital led to the company being re-organised as the Cunard Steamship Company Ltd in 1879. The early 1900s saw increased competition for speed, particularly from Germany, which led the British government to subsidise the building of Mauretania and Lusitania , which both won the Blue Riband . Competition continued to increase however and by the early 1930s, Cunard

5984-405: The truck-sized containers that came into use in the United States in 1956 and could not readily be handed off to other railroads or ship lines. The Faro lead - zinc mine opened in 1969. The railway was upgraded with seven new 1,200  hp (890  kW ) locomotives from ALCO, new freight cars, ore buckets, a straddle carrier at Whitehorse to transfer from the railway's new fleet of trucks,

6072-431: The waterfront enables the operation of the Whitehorse Waterfront Trolley , a tourist line run by a local historical society. After customs and Canadian Labour Union jurisdictional issues were resolved, the WP&YR main line reopened to Fraser in 1989, and to Bennett in 1992. A train reached Carcross station in 1997 to participate in the Ton of Gold centennial celebration. A special passenger run, by invitation only,

6160-504: The worldwide pandemic and eventually, 55 passengers on ships owned by Carnival Corporation & plc were reported as having died. After months of cancelled cruises, Carnival Corporation & plc announced in September 2020 that it intended to dispose of 18 ships, a full 12% of the global fleet. By that time, five ships had already been scrapped: Carnival Fantasy , Carnival Fascination , Carnival Imagination , Carnival Inspiration and Costa Victoria . The corporation also announced that it

6248-414: Was adopted in 1993, to distinguish the parent company from its flagship cruise line subsidiary. P&O Princess Cruises plc was formed in 2000, following the demerger of the cruise ship division of the P&O group. Originating as the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company in England in 1837, P&O operated the world's first commercial cruise ships. Restructuring of the P&O group in

6336-627: Was deemed insufficient, so the U.S. Government leased the railroad for the duration, effective at 12:01 a.m. on 1 October 1942, handing control to the United States Army . What became the 770th Railway Operating Battalion of the Military Railway Service took over train operations in company with the WP&Y's civilian staff. Major John E. Ausland, a former executive with the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad ,

6424-414: Was delaying the delivery of several ships already on order. These steps were part of the company's cost-cutting plan, important because the "pause in guest operations continues to have a material negative impact on all aspects of the company's business, including the company's liquidity, financial position and results of operations". The adjusted net loss in the third quarter was reported by the corporation to

6512-657: Was doomed as a commercial railroad. Hopeful of a reopening, the railway ran at a significant loss for several months, carrying only passengers. However, the railway closed down on October 7, 1982. Some of the road's ALCO diesels were sold to a railroad in Colombia , and three (out of four, and one of these was wrecked) of the newer ALCO diesels built by and in storage with ALCO's Canadian licensee MLW ( Montreal Locomotive Works ) were sold to US Gypsum in Plaster City, California . Only one of these modern narrow-gauge diesels,

6600-406: Was experiencing financial difficulties. To secure further government subsidy, it agreed to merge with its chief rival White Star Line , to form Cunard-White Star Line in 1934. Cunard later purchased the remaining White Star shares in 1947, reverting to the name Cunard Line in 1949. Cunard continued to operate independently until 1971, when it was acquired by the conglomerate Trafalgar House , which

6688-425: Was founded as Carnival Cruise Line in 1972. The company grew steadily throughout the 1970s and 1980s, making an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange in 1987. The capital generated was used to finance acquisitions. Between 1989 and 1999, the company acquired Holland America Line , Windstar Cruises , Westours, Seabourn Cruise Line , Costa Cruises and Cunard Line . The name Carnival Corporation

6776-468: Was founded in 1977. Along with P&O Cruises Australia , it has the oldest heritage of any cruise line in the world, dating to P&O's first passenger operations in 1837. P&O Cruises was divested from P&O in 2000, subsequently becoming a subsidiary of P&O Princess Cruises , before coming under the ownership of Carnival Corporation & plc in 2003, following the merger between P&O Princess Cruises and Carnival Corporation. P&O Cruises

6864-441: Was in an excellent cash position, with US$ 9.5 billion, but suffered an adjusted net loss of $ 1.9 billion in the quarter. The Carnival group comprises nine cruise line brands and one cruise experience brand operating a combined fleet of 91 ships. In June 2023, Carnival restructured its corporate umbrella and created six new separate units that have full executive control of the brands in their portfolio. CSSC Carnival Cruise Shipping

6952-612: Was in liquidation. The railway was financially restructured. While most other narrow-gauge systems in North America were closing around this time, the WP&YR remained open. In 1959, the first dividend to stockholders was paid: 10 cents per share. The railroad began dieselizing in the mid to late 1950s: one of the few North American narrow-gauge railroads to do so. The railroad bought shovelnose diesels from General Electric , and later road-switchers from American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and Montreal Locomotive Works , as well as

7040-564: Was in turn taken over by the Norwegian company Kværner in 1996. In 1998, Carnival Corporation purchased a controlling stake in Cunard, completing the acquisition in 1999 to become sole shareholder. Since that time, Cunard has been one of Carnival's most high-profile brands, with the continued popularity of the famous Queen Elizabeth 2 and the development of the world's largest trans-Atlantic Ocean liner Queen Mary 2 , which continues to be

7128-496: Was made from Carcross to Whitehorse on October 10, 1997, and there are plans to eventually re-open the entire line north to Whitehorse if a market exists. So far, the tracks are only certified to Carcross by the Canadian Transportation Agency; on July 29, 2006, White Pass ran a train to Carcross and announced passenger service would begin in May 2007, six trains per week, with motorcoach return trips. Since

7216-548: Was named superintendent, while Lieutenant Stanley Jerome Gaetz was trainmaster . Canadian law forbade foreign government agencies from operating within Canada and its territories, but Japanese forces had occupied some of the Aleutian Islands by this time, and an accommodation was quickly reached to "make an illegal action legal." The MRS scoured the US for usable narrow-gauge locomotives and rolling stock, and soon

7304-439: Was not for long. Tourism to Alaska began to increase, with many cruise ships stopping at Skagway. The scenery of the White Pass route sounded like a great tourist draw; and the rails of the White Pass & Yukon Route were laid right down to the docks, even along them, for the former freight and cruise ship traffic. Cruise operators, remembering the attraction of the little mountain climbing trains to their passengers, pushed for

7392-672: Was operated until 1951. It carried passengers and freight between the SS Tutshi operating on Tagish Lake and the MV Tarahne operating across Atlin Lake to Atlin, British Columbia (While Tutshi was destroyed by a suspicious fire around 1990, Tarahne was restored and hosts special dinners including murder mysteries. Lifeboats built for Tutshi' s restoration were donated to Tarahne ). The Taku Tram could not turn around, and simply backed up on its westbound run. The locomotive used,

7480-579: Was partly converted for passenger use and served various routes to North and South America from 1947 to 1953. The company's first dedicated passenger ship was the Anna C , a cargo vessel that was requisitioned for war time use by the Royal Navy and refitted as an accommodation ship before returning to merchant use. Costa purchased the ship in 1947 and it operated between Italy and South America from 1948, later converting to full-time cruising and serving with

7568-464: Was restored in the early 1990s, along with the thunderbird. As of 2005 , however, one engine still had the blue color scheme. The steam engines, however, remained basic black.) In 1982, metal prices plunged, striking with devastating effect on the mines that were the White Pass and Yukon Route's main customers. Many, including the Faro lead-zinc mine, closed down, and, with that traffic gone, the White Pass

7656-530: Was soon eclipsed by the Army's additional 26 engines and 258 cars. The increase in traffic was remarkable: in the last 3 months of 1942, the railroad moved 25,756 short tons (23,365 t). In 1943, the line carried 281,962 short tons (255,792 t), equivalent to ten years' worth of typical prewar traffic: all this despite some of the most severe winter weather recorded since 1910; gales, snowdrifts and temperatures of −30 °F (−34 °C) succeeded in blockading

7744-416: Was soon under construction. A 3 ft ( 914 mm ) gauge was chosen by the railway contract builder Michael James Heney . The narrow roadbed required by narrow gauge greatly reduced costs when the roadbed was blasted in solid rock. Even so, 450 tons of explosives were used to reach White Pass summit. The narrow gauge also permitted tighter radii to be used on curves, making the task easier by allowing

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