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40-532: The Linux Foundation started as Open Source Development Labs in 2000 to standardize and promote the open-source operating system kernel Linux . It merged with Free Standards Group in 2007. The foundation has since evolved to promote open-source projects beyond the Linux OS as a "foundation of foundations" that hosts a variety of projects spanning topics such as cloud , networking, blockchain , and hardware. The foundation also hosts annual educational events among

80-803: A high school initiative. The following month, edX announced Professional Education courses, and in March 2015 it partnered with Microsoft . In April 2015, edX partnered with Arizona State University to launch the Global Freshman Academy. In September 2016, edX launched 19 MicroMasters programs. It launched an additional 16 MicroMasters programs the next year. In January 2018, edX partnered with Microsoft and General Electric to provide subsidized online courses and guaranteed job interviews. That same month, Tech Mahindra partnered with edX to re-skill workforce on new tech areas. Later that year, edX introduced nine Master's degrees on

120-416: A Finn, he did not support Russian aggression. Furthermore, he insinuated that people opposing this patch are either Russian trolls, or have been riled up by Russian state-sponsored media and revert of this patch will not be accepted. At least one other maintainer, who had criticized this unusual approach, claimed to have been blocked from the mailing list. It wasn’t until October 24 that James Bottomley,

160-535: A Technical Advisory Board made up of Linux kernel developers. One of these developers has been appointed to sit on the Linux Foundation board. In January 2016, the Linux Foundation announced a partnership with Goodwill Central Texas to help hundreds of disadvantaged individuals from underserved communities and a variety of backgrounds get the training they need to start careers in Linux IT. In July 2020,

200-426: A combined total of US$ 1.2 million and Silver members contribute between US$ 5,000 and US$ 20,000 based on the amount of employees, summing up to at least US$ 6,240,000. As of June 2024, the foundation collected annual fees worth at least US$ 14,940,000. By early 2018, the Linux Foundation's website stated that it "uses [donations] in part to help fund the infrastructure and fellows (like Linus Torvalds ) who help develop

240-446: A definitive agreement to join. 2U would acquire edX's assets for $ 800M in cash. On November 16, 2021, 2U completed its acquisition of the edX business and website from the nonprofit organization . According to Anant Agarwal, when 2U acquired edX, it “made a legally binding commitment to preserve and advance edX’s founding mission..." Jefferson D. Pooley, a Muhlenberg University professor and Harvard graduate said “The whole sale itself

280-415: A kernel developer, issued an apology for the intransparent handling of the situation and clarified that the action was a consequence of U.S. sanctions against Russia. According to Bottomley, developers who were allegedly employed by sanctioned companies could no longer serve as maintainers, even in a purely volunteer role. While some of the volunteer programmers were indeed employed by Russian companies, this

320-418: A large collection of independent software vendors , end-user companies and educational institutions. A steering committee composed of representatives from the investment backers directed OSDL, which also had a significant staff of its own. OSDL had established five Working Groups since 2002: EdX edX is a US for-profit online education platform owned by 2U since 2021. The platform's main focus

360-477: A news site to become a central source for Linux tutorials, information, software, documentation, and answers across the server, desktop/netbook, mobile, and embedded areas. It also includes a directory of Linux software and hardware. Much like Linux itself, Linux.com plans to rely on the community to create and drive content and conversation. In 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic , the Linux Foundation announced

400-490: A number of partnerships with educational institutions in the United States, China, Mongolia, Japan, and more to use edX courses in "blended classrooms". In blended learning models, traditional classes include an online interactive component. San Jose State University (SJSU) partnered with edX to offer 6.00xL Introduction to Computer Science and Programming , as a blended course at SJSU and released an initial report on

440-554: A passing project. Introduced in October 2017, the Community Data License Agreement (CDLA) is a legal framework for sharing data. There are two initial CDLA licenses: On March 3, 2009, the Linux Foundation announced that they would take over the management of Linux.com from its previous owners, SourceForge, Inc . The site was relaunched on May 13, 2009, shifting away from its previous incarnation as

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480-500: A vague justification for relieving the developers from their respecting positions as maintainers. To the growing numbers of messages expressing a mixture of surprise and outrage related to the lack of transparency surrounding the situation and concern over whether the political independence of the Linux kernel was still being maintained, Linus Torvalds blatantly responded that the reasons for this would in fact be clear, and added that, as

520-552: Is built almost entirely on Django . edX is led by the 2U CEO Paul S. Lalljie. edX founder and former CEO Anant Agarwal is Chief Platform Officer. In late 2013, several countries and private entities announced their adoption of the edX open source platform to launch new initiatives. Ten Chinese universities joined to form an online education initiative in China, called XuetangX . 120 higher education institutions in France joined under

560-456: Is composed of short videos interspersed with interactive learning exercises, where students can immediately practice the concepts from the videos. The courses often include tutorial videos that are similar to small on-campus discussion groups, an online textbook, and an online discussion forum where students can post and review questions and comments to each other and teaching assistants . Where applicable, online laboratories are incorporated into

600-404: Is the open-source platform software developed by edX and made freely available to other institutions of higher learning that want to make similar offerings. On June 1, 2013, edX open sourced its entire platform. The source code can be found on GitHub . The platform was originally developed by Piotr Mitros in 2011, with maintenance transferred to edX in 2012. The Open edX server-side software

640-556: Is to educate and assist developers (and their companies) on licensing requirements, to make it easier to create new software. The program consists primarily of self-administered training modules, but it is also meant to include automated tools to help programmatically identify license compliance issues. Funding for the Linux Foundation comes primarily from its Platinum Members, who pay US$ 500,000 per year according to Schedule A in LF's bylaws, adding up to US$ 7.5 million. The Gold Members contribute

680-755: Is to manage a variety of offerings, including elite brand bootcamps . edX was founded in May 2012 by the administrations of MIT and Harvard, based on the MITx initiative, created by Piotr Mitros, Rafael Reif, and Anant Agarwal in 2011 at MIT. Gerry Sussman , Anant Agarwal , Chris Terman, and Piotr Mitros taught the first edX course on circuits and electronics from MIT, drawing 155,000 students from 162 countries. In 2013 they partnered with Stanford and in June 2013 they reached 1 million students. edx.org released as open source, creating Open edX . In September 2014 edX announced

720-543: The Open Source Development Labs (OSDL). The core of the project is an online patent commons reference library aggregating and documenting information about patent-related pledges and other legal solutions directed at the open-source software community. As of 2015, the project listed 53 patents. The Linux Foundation's Open Compliance Program provides an array of programs for open-source software licensing compliance. The focus of this initiative

760-399: The open source community. For software to be considered to be in the commons the patent owner must guarantee that developers will not be sued for infringement, though there may be some restrictions on the use of the patented code. The concept was first given substance by Red Hat in 2001 when it published its Patent Promise. The Patent Commons Project was launched on November 15, 2005, by

800-544: The LF Climate Finance Foundation (LFCF), a new initiative "to encourage investment in AI-enhanced open source analytics to address climate change ." LFCF plans to build a platform that will utilize open-source open data to help the financial investment, NGO, and academia sectors to help better model companies’ exposure to climate change. Allianz , Amazon, Microsoft, and S&P Global will be

840-532: The LFPH, a program dedicated to advancing and supporting the virus contact tracing work led by Google and Apple and their Bluetooth notification systems. The LFPH is focusing its efforts on public health applications, including the effort's first initiative: a notification app intended for governments wanting to launch their privacy-focused exposure notification networks. As of today, LFPH hosts two contact-tracing apps. In September 2020, The Linux Foundation announced

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880-614: The Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator (LFCS) exam. In early 2017, at the annual Open Source Leadership Summit, it was announced that the Linux Foundation would begin offering an Inclusive Speaker Orientation course in partnership with the National Center for Women & Information Technology. The course is designed to give participants "practical skills to promote inclusivity in their presentations." In September 2020,

920-429: The Linux Foundation and edX partnered to offer a free, massive open online class titled Introduction to Linux. This was the first in a series of ongoing free offerings from both organizations whose current catalogue of MOOCs include Intro to DevOps, Intro to Cloud Foundry and Cloud Native Software Architecture, Intro to Apache Hadoop, Intro to Cloud Infrastructure Technologies, and Intro to OpenStack. In December 2015,

960-437: The Linux Foundation announced an initiative allowing open-source communities to create Open Standards using tools and methods inspired by open-source developers. The Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII), is a project managed by the Linux Foundation that enables technology companies, industry stakeholders, and esteemed developers to collaboratively identify and fund critical open-source projects in need of assistance. In June 2015,

1000-601: The Linux Foundation introduced a self-paced course designed to help prepare administrators for the OpenStack Foundation's Certified OpenStack Administrator exam. As part of a partnership with Microsoft, it was announced in December 2015 that the Linux on Azure certification would be awarded to individuals who pass both the Microsoft Exam 70-533 (Implementing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions) and

1040-456: The Linux Foundation released a free serverless computing training course with CNCF. It is taught by Alex Ellis, founder of OpenFaaS. Among many other organizations with similar offerings, The Linux Foundation has reported a 40% increase in demand for their online courses in 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting social-distancing measures. The patent commons consists of all patented software which has been made available to

1080-740: The Linux community, including the Linux Kernel Developers Summit and the Open Source Summit . As of September 2015, the total economic value of the development costs of Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects was estimated at $ 5 billion. For the Linux kernel community, the Linux Foundation hosts its IT infrastructure and organizes conferences such as the Linux Kernel Summit and the Linux Plumbers Conference. It also hosts

1120-492: The Linux kernel." On October 18, 2024, renowned kernel developer Greg Kroah-Hartman submitted a patch to the Linux Kernel Mailing List that removed "some" kernel developers from their roles as maintainers. These were 11 developers whose email addresses and names suggested a connection to Russia. The patch was accepted without the usual quality assurance measures, such as code reviews, and included only

1160-641: The Russian developers, and particularly Torvalds’ statements, aligns with their Code of Conduct, which includes a commitment to respectful behavior and avoidance of demeaning communication, as well as an explicit prohibition of discrimination. Open Source Development Labs Open Source Development Labs ( OSDL ) was a non-profit organization supported by a consortium to promote Linux for enterprise computing. Founded in 2000, OSDL positioned itself as an independent, non-profit lab for developers who are adding enterprise capabilities to Linux. The headquarters

1200-436: The course. For example, in edX's first MOOC—a circuits and electronics course—students built virtual circuits in an online lab. edX offers certificates of successful completion and some courses are credit-eligible. Whether or not a college or university offers credit for an online course is within the sole discretion of the school. edX offers a variety of ways to take courses, including verified courses where students have

1240-709: The edX website. As of July 2020, there were 3,000 courses available for its 33 million registered students. In addition to educational offerings, edX is used for research into learning and distance education by collecting learners' clicks and analyzing the data, as well as collecting demographics from each registrant. A team of researchers at Harvard and MIT, led by David Pritchard and Lori Breslow, released their initial findings in 2013. EdX member schools and organizations also conduct their own research using data collected from their courses. Research focuses on improving retention, course completion and learning outcomes in traditional campus courses and online. edX has engaged in

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1280-459: The first OSDL fellow, and Bryce Harrington . In 2005, Andrew "Tridge" Tridgell was the second OSDL fellow for a year. It had data centers in Beaverton (Oregon, United States) and Yokohama (Japan). OSDL had investment backers that included: 7 funders of Computer Associates , Fujitsu , Hitachi, Ltd. , Hewlett-Packard , IBM , Intel Corporation , Nippon Electric Corporation , as well as

1320-568: The initiative's founding members. LF Energy is an initiative launched by the Linux Foundation in 2018 to improve the power grid . The Linux Foundation Training Program features instructors and content from the leaders of the Linux developer and open-source communities. Participants receive Linux training that is vendor-neutral and created with oversight from leaders of the Linux development community. The Linux Foundation's online and in-person training programs aim to deliver broad, foundational knowledge and networking opportunities. In March 2014,

1360-447: The option to audit the course (no cost) or to work toward an edX Verified Certificate (fees vary by course). edX also offers XSeries Certificates for completion of a bundled set of two to seven verified courses in a single subject (cost varies depending on the courses). In some courses the examination is only available to paying students. More than 150 schools, nonprofit organizations, and corporations offer or plan to offer courses on

1400-402: The organization announced financial support of nearly $ 500,000 for three new projects to better support critical security elements of the global information infrastructure. In May 2016, CII launched its Best Practice Badge program to raise awareness of development processes and project governance steps that will help projects have better security outcomes. In May 2017, CII issued its 100th badge to

1440-423: The platform. The degree programs can be completed fully online and are offered by universities such as Georgia Institute of Technology and University of California San Diego. On January 10, 2020, edX launched two MicroBachelors programs. The programs offer undergraduate level courses which can lead to university credit for degree seeking students. On June 29, 2021, edX and 2U announced they had entered into

1480-613: The project in February 2013. Initial results showed a decrease in failure rates from previous semesters. The percentage of students required to retake the course dropped from 41% under the traditional format to 9% for those taking the edX blended course. In Spring 2013, Bunker Hill Community College and Massachusetts Bay Community College implemented a SPOC, or small private online course. The colleges incorporated an MIT-developed Python programming course on edX into their campus-based courses, and reported positive results. Open edX platform

1520-494: Was a betrayal and a fundamentally misguided choice by Harvard and MIT to betray, in my view, the trust that faculty and students put into it when they signed onto the platform.” In November 2023, 2U found itself in financial peril. On July 25, 2024, 2U filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The company plans to continue operating as a private company which will eliminate over $ 450 million of its debt. edX courses consist of weekly learning sequences. Each learning sequence

1560-824: Was first incorporated in San Francisco but later relocated to Beaverton in Oregon with second facility in Yokohama , Japan. On January 22, 2007, OSDL and the Free Standards Group merged to form the Linux Foundation , narrowing their respective focuses to that of promoting Linux. OSDL sponsored projects, including industry initiatives to enhance Linux for use in corporate data centres , in telecommunications networks, and on desktop computers . It also: Its employees included Linus Torvalds ,

1600-400: Was not even true for others, sparking a discussion about this being a case of discrimination against individuals rather than just a compliance issue. For example, one of the affected kernel maintainers had been employed by Amazon Web Services for several years up to that point. The Linux Foundation has remained entirely silent on the incident, despite questions about whether the handling of

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