Misplaced Pages

#998001

76-474: Cañadón Seco is a village and municipality in Santa Cruz Province in southern Argentina . 46°33′S 67°35′W  /  46.550°S 67.583°W  / -46.550; -67.583 This article about a place in Santa Cruz Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Santa Cruz Province (Argentina) The indigenous people of the province are

152-467: A US$ 535 million payout for his province following the 1993 privatization of the state-owned oil concern YPF . Earning plaudits for his careful administration of the funds, Kirchner was elected president of Argentina in April 2003, following the withdrawal of Carlos Menem from a runoff which Kirchner was projected to win handily. Presiding over four years of expansion totalling 42% (the best performance for

228-557: A center of wool production for export, with large estates and English meat processing plants. The low demand of wool inventories, which had been accumulated at the end of the First World War , and the fall of the price from $ 9.74 to $ 3.08, thus returning to the normal level of quotation in times of peace, gave rise to a regional crisis. This affected landowners and merchants, but had an even greater impact on wool workers and rural laborers, who were living in miserable conditions. With

304-472: A criminal system". Upon hearing of the assassination, Argentine President Yrigoyen arranged that the house the colonel had been paying off be given to the widow of Varela as a gift, even though the couple had only recently committed to purchasing. Wilckens himself was killed in Villa Devoto prison while awaiting sentencing, by José Pérez Millán Temperley, a young man from an aristocratic family belonging to

380-642: A documentary drama on the ill-fated 1922 sheep ranch laborers' strike. For this, Gov. Cepernic was imprisoned following the March 1976 coup . The return to democracy in Argentina in 1983 brought new, mostly young leadership to Santa Cruz's elected posts, among them a well-known local country lawyer named Néstor Kirchner , elected that year to the Río Gallegos City Council. Elected mayor in 1987 and governor in 1991, Kirchner helped negotiate

456-520: A farm worker in Alto Valle del Río Negro and as a correspondent for the anarchist newspapers Alarm of Hamburg and The Syndicalist of Berlin . Although he claimed to be an adherent of Tolstoy 's pacifism, Wilckens killed Varela in a gun and bomb attack outside the officer's recently acquired home at Humboldt-Santa Fe in January 1923 because of his desire "to wound through him the brazen idol of

532-496: A motorized column of 13 soldiers to take a 50 km shortcut from Rio Turbio to Cancha Carrera through Chilean territory, east of Puerto Natales, along today's Highway 9. Colonel Héctor Benigno Varela's 10th Cavalry Regiment was ordered to return to Santa Cruz Province in November. His company commanders in the second expedition were captains Pedro Viñas Ibarra and Pedro E. Camposare. A detachment of National Gendarmerie troops

608-482: A new border was drawn between Cerro Murallón and Cerro Daudet . In the 20th century both countries had another dispute over the Del Desierto Lake which was resolved in favor of Argentina in 1994 and had its climax in 1965 when Lieutenant Hernán Merino Correa was killed by Argentine Gendarmerie . The province is generally divided into 2 distinct regions: The Andes in the west and the plateaus in

684-478: A period in which Argentina had been facing a workers' shortage and an economic downturn, which led to rising prices, which had only began to slowly return to higher economic recovery. The fear of revolution and unrest may have threatened to destroy Argentine society, as the Russian Revolution acted as moral boost for the workers and was fear-inducing in the middle and upper classes of Argentina. During

760-627: A popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative ; and the judiciary , headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Santa Cruz Provincial Police . The province

836-529: A proposed law giving the state the power to control unions, declare strikes illegal, and reimpose the ten-hour workday. This debate provoked popular condemnation in a demonstration supported on all sides, followed by a general strike and a declaration of state of emergency along the country. The repression of the 1920-1922 strikes culminated both the Patagonian labor movement and the initial colonization of southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, and inaugurated

SECTION 10

#1732781152999

912-400: A small population and rich in natural resources, has long had one of Argentina's most prosperous economies. Its 2006 output was estimated at US$ 3.3 billion or a per capita income of US$ 16,553. In 2011 Santa Cruz had the highest per capita income of Argentina, US$ 36,550. Its economy, with the possible exception of Neuquen 's, is the country's least diversified, however. Fully half its output

988-542: A striker were killed, and two policemen and a gendarme were taken hostages. Another gendarme was shot and killed in an ambush at Centinela river several days later. The ranchers and the interim governor Edelmiro Correa Falcón, himself a landowner, used the incidents to ask the federal government to declare a state of emergency in Santa Cruz. As the unrest spread, the government of Hipólito Yrigoyen ordered Colonel Héctor Benigno Varela's 10th Cavalry Regiment immediately to

1064-588: Is accounted for by the extractive sector (petroleum, gas and mining), with an annual production of 4.5 million m of petroleum and 3 million m of gas , mainly in the Pico Truncado , Cañadón seco and Cerro Redondo extracting facilities. Cerro Negro mine by Gold Corp. has in recent years contributed to the growth of population of Santa Cruz through its Gold mining operations and subsidies to local public education and private sector. The coal production at Río Turbio , Argentina's only active coal mine,

1140-671: Is divided into the following 7 departments : Department (Capital) Boxing Club de Río Gallegos is the only side that competes in national leagues. The club currently plays in the Torneo Federal B , the regionalized fourth-tier in Argentine football league system . At the 2015 season it reached the second phase. Patagonia rebelde [REDACTED] Government of Argentina Patagonia Rebelde (or Patagonia Trágica ) ("Rebel Patagonia" or "Tragic Patagonia" in English)

1216-465: Is of around one million m per year. Mining includes gold ( Cerro Vanguardia Mine ), clay , gypsum , salt and others. The second most important productive activity is that associated with sheep . With 7 million heads, Santa Cruz is the second main producer of wool and meat after the Province of Chubut, most of which is designated for export. Sheep farming revived in 2002 with the devaluation of

1292-635: The Laguna del Carbón is 105 meters below sea level, and is the lowest point in the Western and Southern Hemispheres. On the Atlantic coast, it is characterised by cliffs. The main rivers in the province are the Deseado River ( Spanish : Río Deseado ), Chico River ( Spanish : Río Chico ), Santa Cruz River ( Spanish : Río Santa Cruz ), Coig River ( Spanish : Río Coig ), and

1368-659: The Andes , they block most of the incoming frontal systems and as a result, most of the rainfall occurs in the western side of the Andes, in which precipitation rapidly decreases eastward. Much of the province receives less than 200 millimetres (8 in) of precipitation a year while in the Andean region which is under more influence from the Pacific, it can receive more than 1,000 millimetres (39 in). Precipitation mainly falls in

1444-640: The Argentine Patriotic League is reported to have violently broken up one of the demonstration of the strikers in Río Gallegos with one dead and four injured in the resulting clash. The month of August saw activity in the ports of Deseado , Santa Cruz , San Julián and Río Gallegos came to a complete standstill with a general strike. Hundreds of strikers believed to be anarchists or Bolsheviks were either thrown in jails or shipped back to Buenos Aires. The Buenos Aires press referred to

1520-529: The Gallegos River ( Spanish : Río Gallegos ). These rivers all originate from the Andes which then drain into the lakes before moving eastwards to empty into the Atlantic Ocean. The Andes block most of the incoming frontal systems and as a result, most of the rainfall occurs in the western side of the mountains, with precipitation rapidly decreasing eastward. As a result, except for

1596-559: The National Government of Santa Cruz and the southern part of Chubut Province . This jurisdiction lasted until the abolition of the measures in 1955. The Territory of Santa Cruz acquired province status in 1957. In 1973, voters in Santa Cruz elected Jorge Cepernic , a Peronist . An advocate of labor rights, Gov. Cepernic worked with film maker Osvaldo Bayer to make La Patagonia Rebelde ('"Rebellion in Patagonia"),

SECTION 20

#1732781152999

1672-718: The Tehuelches , who despite European exploration from the 16th century onwards, retained independence until the late 19th century. Soon after the Conquest of the Desert in the 1870s, the area was organised as the Territory of Santa Cruz, named after its original capital in Puerto Santa Cruz . The capital moved to Rio Gallegos in 1888 and has remained there ever since. Immigrants from various European countries came to

1748-497: The 10th Cavalry Regiment soon made its presence felt with arbitrary arrests and executions. After a clash in Punta Alta the 10th Cavalry Regiment liberated 14 hostages. But the soldiers were also reported to have killed some 100 unarmed workers suspected of collaborating with the strikers, among them Santiago González, a stonemason at the local Argentina National Bank ( Banco de la Nación Argentina ) branch. González, an anarchist,

1824-529: The 8 years preceding the Patagonia Rebelde, the Argentine economy and government was making efforts to move away from a mostly agricultural mode of production and diversify and industrialize, following a trend among nations of the period. The period of economic recovery which preceded the Patagonia Rebelde and followed the economic downturn of 1914 was expected to be less radical and more stable than

1900-494: The Argentine economy since the 1880s), Pres. Kirchner steered record spending into public works (particularly those in his province, as is customary for Argentine presidents). In the Province there is a border dispute with Chile in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field , in 1898 the border was defined and wasn't objected during the 1902 Arbitral award of the Andes which defined most of the border on

1976-647: The Chilean Territory of Colonization of Magallanes and economic metropolis of southern Patagonia. The multinational union extended throughout the region and led the formation of the Sociedad Obrera de Río Gallegos ( Workers' Society of Rio Gallegos ) in the argentinean National Territory of santa Cruz, directed by the Spanish anarchist Antonio Soto , known as the Gallego Soto. Santa Cruz was

2052-659: The Chilean-Argentine border. According to captain Elbio Carlos Anaya, a company commander in the 10th Cavalry Regiment, the Chilean carabineers guarding the mountain passes, let the strikers cross back and forth into Argentina armed with weapons and without any hindrance on the part of the authorities. On 16 November 1921, however, the Chilean government eventually took sides and allowed colonel Varela and

2128-493: The Patagonia Rebelde was also marked by the strengthening of the feminist movement within Argentina, which saw changes to the workforce and brought Argentine women in contact with a more radical ideology. In August 1920 there were a number of strikes in the province of Santa Cruz, followed by a general strike declared on 1 November. Most of the strikers were shearers and rural workers. The first armed confrontation took place on 2 January 1921 near El Cerrito, where four policemen and

2204-433: The Patagonian population, with some semi-destroyed monuments and commemorative murals. In 2006, the documentary " La vuelta de Osvaldo Bayer " (The Return of Osvaldo Bayer), directed by Eduardo Anguita was released. In this documentary, Anguita recreates -in tandem with Bayer’s guidance the landscapes and the trace left in the collective memory of the Patagonian population. In the story " De cómo murió el chilote Otey " (How

2280-473: The Patriotic League. Pérez Millán had served in Patagonia. He was the gendarme taken hostage by the strikers after the gunbattle at El Cerrito, in 1921, and was also a distant relative of Varela. News of Wilckens's death led to a general dock strike and the burning of streetcars, as well as arrests, injuries and deaths but achieved according to historian Otto Vargas "an incredible miracle in unifying

2356-490: The affected area and the Argentine Navy seized the various ports and key facilities in the province. The new police chief in Santa Cruz, Oscar Schweizer, under orders of the new governor of the province, radical Ángel Ignacio Yza, instructed Varela to avoid bloodshed and the army colonel was able to work out a deal with the strikers and the ranch owners, and prohibited the payment of wages in Chilean money. In May 1921

Cañadón Seco - Misplaced Pages Continue

2432-427: The almost uninhabited zone; Spanish, Germans , British and Slavs were the most numerous among them. They came mainly to escape the growing conflicts of World War I , and were attracted by the wool industry of the area. The beginning of the war meant a sharp reduction in the amount of exports, bringing a serious economic crisis to Santa Cruz. The ideals of progressivism , brought by the Spanish immigrants, grew among

2508-602: The arbitrary actions of the police, the boycott of three merchants linked to the Sociedad Rural and the arrest of the leaders of the Sociedad Obrera deepened the confrontation. Delegates from all over the province came to discuss the measures to be demanded of the Rural Society. In this situation, the workers gathered in the Sociedad Obrera de Río Gallegos presented the management with a list of demands for an improvement in working conditions. Among other demands,

2584-605: The area with Buenos Aires and Trelew . Some 200 kilometres north of El Calafate is the village of El Chaltén at the feet of the Cerro Torre and Mount Fitz Roy . Still not very developed, El Chaltén serves as a hub for various trekking routes including walks on the Viedma Glacier . 600 kilometres further north of El Chaltén, by the dirt road Ruta 40 , the Cueva de las Manos near the town of Perito Moreno allows

2660-405: The armed strikers as "anarchists" and "thieves". At the same time, the Chilean government grew alarmed at the prospect of facing similar unrest in southern Chile and deployed a strong carabineer force under colonel Carlos Ibáñez del Campo to the city of Puerto Natales. According to historian Miguel Angel Scenna, the Argentine government soon grew suspicious of the deployment of this Chilean force on

2736-727: The attacks of British privateers , and after the visit of Francis Drake in 1578, the Spaniards sent Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to fortify and map the Strait of Magellan and prevent access to Spanish posts in the Pacific . In the middle of the 18th century, the Jesuits settled in the area, establishing a few missions . When the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was created in 1776,

2812-519: The captured women were raped in the uprising as the rebel forces fought for control of the territory. These versions have been widely discredited. The most detailed narrative of these events is that by Argentine journalist Osvaldo Bayer (1972, below), summarized in English by Bruce Chatwin in 1976. The Federación Obrera de Magallanes was born in the early 1910 in Punta Arenas, capital of

2888-625: The cavalry regiment returned to Buenos Aires but their leave was cancelled in October as strikes broke out again in the province when the ranch owners reneged on their promise of fairer working conditions. The leader of the strikers was a Galician anarchist , Antonio Soto , general secretary of the Workers' Society of Rio Gallegos , the local branch of the Argentine Regional Workers' Federation . Manuel Carlés, president of

2964-541: The central part of the Andes. From the centre to the Atlantic coast in the east, the landscape is dominated by plateaus. These plateaus are made up of basalt rock occur in stepped sequences. The plateaus are of different ages with the older –of Neogene and Paleogene age– being located at higher elevations than Pleistocene and Holocene lava plateaus and outcrops. There are isolated pockets of hills and depressions within this region. In Gran Bajo de San Julián ,

3040-554: The centre and east. In the Andes, there are numerous lakes such as Buenos Aires Lake (2,240 km , 881 km in Argentina), Cardiel Lake (460 km ), Viedma Lake (1,082 km ), Argentino Lake (1,560 km ), Pueyrredón Lake , Belgrano Lake and San Martín Lake (1,013 km ). One characteristic of the Andean region is the presence of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field that covers

3116-400: The characters present versions of the causes and events of the strike and also reflect on the discrimination suffered by the chilotes in Patagonia. David Viñas ' book, " Los dueños de la tierra " (The owners of the land), also narrates the story of the events in Patagonia Rebelde (Rebellious Patagonia or Tragic Patagonia), through the story of the mediator sent by the radical government to solve

Cañadón Seco - Misplaced Pages Continue

3192-455: The chilote Otey died), Francisco Coloane revives an episode set in the final days of the strike. While some 850 workers under the command of Facón Grande flee towards the Paine mountain and the border with Chile, another 40, among them the chilotes Otey and Rivera, decide to die for their comrades and remain barricaded in a storehouse to make Varela's men lose time in combat. During the narrative,

3268-421: The civilians, policemen and the militaries in Punta Arenas on July 27, 1920. At least two Argentine soldiers (privates Fernando Pablo Fischer and Domingo Montenegro), three local policemen (sergeant Tomás Rosa and constables Ernesto Bozán and Juan Campos) and a number of ranch owners and their relatives also died during the strife. According to the versions well publicized by the army and the landowners, several of

3344-526: The climate of the province is characterized by strong westerlies , which also enhances evapotranspiration . In general, the southern parts of the province are colder than the north. The mean temperatures for the province are relatively cold for its latitude due to the cold Falkland Current . The extreme northeast coast is by far the mildest area, with annual temperatures around 8 to 9 °C (46.4 to 48.2 °F) with temperatures inland being 1 °C to 2 °C lower. The coldest temperatures are found in

3420-494: The coastal cities, and take passengers both south to Tierra del Fuego and north to Chubut Province and Buenos Aires . The most visited places are the cities of Río Gallegos , the Bosques Petrificados National Monument petrified forest, and the depression of Laguna del Carbón near Puerto San Julián . The provincial government is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by

3496-405: The course of the operations, many of them executed by firing squads after surrendering. Most of the executed were Spanish and Chilean workers who had sought refuge in Argentina's Patagonia after their strike in the city of Puerto Natales in southern Chile in 1919 was crushed by the Chilean authorities, at the cost of four carabiniers killed and the offices of their union were burned down by

3572-431: The current Province territory. Both experts, Francisco Pascasio Moreno from Argentina and Diego Barros Arana from Chile agreed on the border between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Daudet . However the border started being questioned by Argentina later on which started the dispute between both countries. In 1998 a border redraw is agreed, being pending to this day the part between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Murallón , however

3648-460: The divided working class in Argentina". Pérez Millán was found guilty of manslaughter and condemned to eight years in prison. He was however declared insane 14 months later and admitted to Las Mercedes mental hospital in Buenos Aires, where he was eventually shot and killed by another inmate instigated by Russian anarchist Boris Wladimirovich. In June 1921, Argentine parliamentarians debated

3724-469: The effective erection of border patrols by the Argentinean and the Chilean militaries. The 1974 film " La Patagonia rebelde " directed by Héctor Olivera and scripted by Osvaldo Bayer recreates that massacre. It was first censored by then President Juan Domingo Perón and then finally approved on June 12 of that year by his decision. After Perón's death it was censored, once again, on October 12 by

3800-472: The end of the war, the price of exports of Patagonian raw materials fell. The normal working day of the workers of that time was 12 hours, that of the shearers and muleteers was around 16 hours; wages were minimal and were often paid in bonds or in foreign currency which when exchanged in the stores was taken for a lower value. In addition, the only day off was Sunday. A protest strike in September 1920 against

3876-558: The estuary of Puerto Deseado. In 1878 the Government of Patagonia was created, with capital in Viedma , but six years later it was split into smaller entities, with the territory declared National Government of Santa Cruz , whose capital was the city of Santa Cruz. In 1901 the capital was moved to its current location at the city of Río Gallegos . At the beginning of the 20th century, a large European immigration began to arrive to

SECTION 50

#1732781152999

3952-548: The few tourists who venture to this point to see the prehistoric wall paintings in the caves near the Pinturas River . Perito Moreno National Park and its lakes, north of Los Glaciares, are rarely visited. Besides trekking, other sports practised on the west side of the province are sport fishing, rafting and climbing. In the east, the National Route 3 follows the Atlantic coastline, by which buses connect

4028-420: The form of light rain with heavy rain and thunderstorms being rare, with these two only occurring during the summer. In all parts of the province, more precipitation occurs in the winter than in the summer. The prevalent wind directions are from the west, southwest and northwest and together, these occur 60% of the time. Northern parts of the province tend to have more northwest winds than the southern parts of

4104-468: The government of Isabel Perón . The movie could only be shown with the return of formal democracy in 1984. The film won the award "Oso de Plata" at the Berlinale in 1974. In 1996 the film " Flores amarillas en la ventana " (Yellow flowers on the window) directed by Victor Jorge Ruiz, was released. It recreates some of the events of 1921 that have left a trace in the landscape and the collective memory of

4180-497: The mass execution soon reached Buenos Aires but the government made no call into an official investigation for fear of political repercussions. Argentine socialists and anarchists however promised vengeance. Kurt Gustav Wilckens , a 35-year-old German immigrant from Silesia , had been deported from the United States for his radical political views. In Argentina, he worked as a stevedore at Ingeniero White and Bahía Blanca , as

4256-542: The meantime the local police forces hunted down and arrested or executed those sympathetic to the armed uprising. The cavalry regiment captured some 480 strikers in the interior at Cañadón León along with 4,000 horses and 298 rifles and carbines and 49 revolvers. More than half of those captured at Cañadón León were executed before the firing squads stopped. The regiment then stormed La Anita and Menéndez Behety estancias and some 80 ranch owners and their families as well as captured policemen and other civilians were released in

4332-447: The operation, with around 500 captured strikers being executed. The armed strikers, knowing there would be no mercy, made a desperate last stand at Tehuelches train station but were defeated after a one-hour long battle and the survivors marched off to firing squads. At Estación Tehuelches (today's Pico Truncado ) the army lost the only soldier killed in action during the campaign, Private Fernando Pablo Fischer. The other soldier to die in

4408-477: The operations was another conscript, 19-year-old Domingo Montenegro from the Clase 900 (1900 intake of conscripts), shot and killed in error in the darkness by Private Eusebio Peralta while Montengro returned to his vivac from sentry duties, according to historian Osvaldo Bayer who referred to the conscripts disparagingly as "poor rifle slavemen". The 10th Cavalry Regiment having accomplished its mission of putting

4484-406: The parties in conflict. This document was rejected by the organization that grouped the landowners and the Sociedad Obrera . The response of the workers was to declare a general strike throughout Santa Cruz. In 1920, in the aftermath of the First World War , the price of wool had dropped significantly, provoking an economic crisis in sheep-breeding Argentine Patagonia. The strike occurred during

4560-450: The period before during the economic downturn. However, it was marked by a number of strikes which resulted in violent confrontations, with Patagonia Rebelde following this trend The Patagonia Rebelde mirrors some aspects of the " Semana Tragica (Tragic Week) ", in that it was a failed attempt at using a mass movement in order to affect working conditions with a strike, with its roots in revolutionary and anarchist ideas. The period preceding

4636-627: The peso and firmer global demand for wool (led by China and the EU). Still there is little investment in new abattoirs (mainly in Rio Gallegos), and often there are phytosanitary restrictions to the export of sheep meat. Livestock also includes small numbers of cattle , and in lesser numbers pigs and horses. Sea fishing, and its later industrialization at the fishing ports of Puerto Deseado, Puerto San Julián, Puerto Santa Cruz and Río Gallegos produces prawn , squid , hake and dozens of others. Most of

SECTION 60

#1732781152999

4712-509: The production is frozen and exported. There is little agriculture due to the arid nature of the soil. There is a small timber industry fed by both forests and planted trees, of which the wood of the lenga is the most exploited. Santa Cruz's most visited destination is Los Glaciares National Park and a number of glaciers of which the Perito Moreno Glacier is the most famous. Nearby El Calafate has an airport that connects

4788-473: The province except at the highest elevations. Winters are cold throughout the province, with more uniform temperatures than during the summer; July temperatures average 4 °C (39.2 °F) in the North to 2 °C (35.6 °F) in the southern parts. Temperatures can plummet below −20 °C (−4.0 °F) in the interior while at the coast, it infrequently drops below −15 °C (5.0 °F). Owing to

4864-402: The province is dry, the province is relatively cloudy. The percent of cloudy days ranges from 50% in the north to 60% in the south. Average daily sunshine hours range from 6 hours/day in the North to 4 hours/day in the south with the lowest in the coastal areas in the south. According to the 2022 Argentine national census, the Province of Santa Cruz has 333,473 inhabitants. Santa Cruz, with

4940-455: The province. With few landmasses south of 46°S, the province is dominated by strong winds throughout the year. Summers are windier than winters. The strongest winds are found in the Andean region while the weakest are found in the coastal areas. With a mean wind speed of 10 metres per second (33 ft/s), the province is the windiest in Argentina. Gusts can reach up to 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph) in some places. Although most of

5016-424: The region was set under the rule of Buenos Aires . Antonio de Biedma founded Nueva Colonia near present Puerto Deseado and Floridablanca not far from Puerto San Julián , both of them shut down later by Viceroy Vertíz. Between 1825 and 1836 there were a series of explorations of the regions, including that of Charles Darwin in 1834. In 1860 commander Luis Piedrabuena established a base on Isla Pavón in

5092-487: The southern parts of the province with an annual mean of 6 °C (42.8 °F) although in the western parts of the province which are at higher altitudes, the mean can be below 5 °C (41.0 °F) and even below 0 °C (32.0 °F) at the highest elevations. In the summer, mean temperatures range from 16 °C (60.8 °F) in the North to around 12 °C (53.6 °F) in the south. However, temperatures can reach up to 35 °C (95.0 °F) in all parts of

5168-535: The territory in the late 19th and early 20th century during a gold rush . Santa Cruz became a province of Argentina in 1957. The Tehuelches inhabited these lands before the arrivals of the Spanish colonisation . In 1520 Ferdinand Magellan arrived to what is currently known as San Julián Bay . 15 years later Martín de Alcazaba explored the area near the Chico River, which he named Gallegos River . Because of

5244-516: The uprising soon received orders to return to Buenos Aires, but some 200 soldiers were left behind under the commands of captains Anaya and Viñas Ibarra. Contrary to Argentine popular myth, Varela received a frosty reception in Buenos Aires where the Minister of War gave him a complete dressing down. Varela also came under heavy criticism by the Socialist parliamentarian Antonio Di Tomaso. News of

5320-561: The westernmost parts of the province where precipitation is abundant and under more influence from the Pacific, much of the province is dry. Unlike the Northern Hemisphere where there are large land masses to allow cold temperatures, cold fronts , which usually originate from the southwest and move northeast are moderated by the Pacific Ocean , resulting in less intense cold temperatures. Similar to much of Patagonia ,

5396-433: The workers requested that no more than three men should sleep in 16 square meters, that a package of candles should be given to each worker every month, that no work should be done on Saturdays, an improvement in the food portions, a minimum monthly salary of 100 pesos, and recognition of the Sociedad Obrera as the only legitimate representative of the workers, accepting the appointment of a delegate as an intermediary between

5472-526: The workers who, working in Santa Cruz's harsh environment under often sub-human conditions, decided to strike in 1922. The strike was severely and harshly repressed by the government, culminating in the events of the Patagonia Trágica ("Tragic Patagonia"), the execution of dozens of strikers. In 1944, the Military zone of Comodoro Rivadavia was created, which encompassed the northern part of

5548-612: Was also added to the cavalry force. This unit sailed for Santa Cruz on 4 November 1921. In the meantime, as a group of ten strikers approached the Estancia Bremen, the German ranch owner and his parents sensing danger, sought to defend their property with carbines and two strikers were killed and four were wounded in the exchange of fire. In response the strikers took several ranch owners and their families hostage and reportedly killed and raped some. Upon disembarking at Santa Cruz port

5624-475: Was executed in the first week of February 1922 after having been brutally tortured for over a week. His wife and several local merchants intervened and pleaded for his life, but this was to no avail. At Paso Ibáñez a large column of some 900 demoralized armed strikers tried to negotiate a favorable surrender with Colonel Varela but were soon rebuffed and retreated to regroup at Río Chico and Estancia Bella Vista after freeing those they had taken captive as hostages. In

5700-594: Was forced to dig his own grave before being shot. Albino Argüelles, secretary general of the Sociedad Obrera of San Julián, a blacksmith and a member of the Socialist Party , was also captured and shot in November 1921. In December one of the ranch owners, Daniel Ramírez, was himself taken into detention under the orders of captain Anaya for assisting and actively cooperating with the armed strikers. Ramírez

5776-541: Was the name given to the uprising and violent suppression of a rural workers' strike in the Argentine province of Santa Cruz in Patagonia between 1920 and 1922. The uprising was put down by Colonel Héctor Benigno Varela's 10th Cavalry Regiment of the Argentine Army under the orders of President Hipólito Yrigoyen . Approximately 300 -1,500 rural workers were shot and killed by the 10th Cavalry Regiment in

#998001