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50-484: Central-Western Region or Central West Region can refer to: Central-West Region, Brazil Central-Western Region, Venezuela Central West Queensland , a region of Australia Central West (New South Wales) , a region of Australia See also [ edit ] Central West Midwest (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

100-447: A language isolate ) are spoken in the park. Indigenous languages spoken in the southern part of the park (Upper Xingu) are: Indigenous languages spoken in the northern part of the park (Lower Xingu) are: In the northern park of the park, only Trumai has been spoken in the area for a considerable amount of time. All other languages in the area are from relatively recent arrivals. There are approximately 50 indigenous villages in

150-658: A São Paulo teaching hospital, whereby for over fifty years teams of volunteer doctors have inoculated and tended the Xingu peoples to the highest medical standards. In June 1925 the British artillery Lt.-Colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett visited the upper Xingu with his son and son's friend, by the same trail and river route used by all previous visitors. They spent a few days with the Aweti and Kalapalo peoples before either being killed by one of these tribes or continuing their journey into

200-406: A value of R $ 299 million). The Central-West has 6% of the country's industrial GDP. In Brazil, the automotive sector represents about 22% of industrial GDP. Goiás has Mitsubishi , Suzuki and Hyundai factories. In Três Lagoas , the production of paper and cellulose is considerable. Mato Grosso do Sul recorded growth above the national average in the production of pulp, reached

250-605: Is a state with a flat landscape that alternates between vast chapadas and plain areas. Mato Grosso contains three main ecosystems: the Cerrado , the Pantanal and the Amazon rainforest . Open pasture vegetation covers 40% of the state. The Chapada dos Guimarães National Park , with caves, grottoes, tracks, and waterfalls, is one of its tourist attractions. In the north is the biodiverse Amazonian forest, which covers nearly half of

300-497: Is an indigenous territory of Brazil, first created in 1961 as a national park in the state of Mato Grosso , Brazil. Its official purposes are to protect the environment and the several nations of Xingu Indigenous peoples in the area. The Xingu Indigenous Park is on the upper Xingu River in the northeast of the state of Mato Grosso, in the south of the Amazon biome . It covers 26,420 square km (2,642,003 hectares, 6,528,530 acres), with savannah and drier semi-deciduous forests in

350-470: Is characterized by extensive savanna formations crossed by gallery forests and stream valleys. Cerrado includes various types of vegetation. The most populous state of the region, Goiás presents a landscape of plateaus and chapadões . At the height of the drought, from June to September, the lack of rain makes the level of the River Araguaia go down and brings up almost 2 km of beaches. At

400-557: Is of great interest because its rich indigenous cultures escaped devastation by Europeans and their diseases, thanks to a lack of rubber or mineral resources in the region, and a waterfall-rapid barrier on the Xingu River. The first explorer to contact and write about the people of the region was the German anthropologist Karl von den Steinen in the 1880s, followed by short visits by other anthropologists and government surveyors. But

450-589: Is shared with the Campo Grande Air Base. The airport has two runways. Construction of the main runway, made of concrete, began in 1950 and was finished in 1953. The passenger terminal was concluded in 1964, and in 1967 concrete aprons were built for both military and civilian aircraft. As commercial aviation demand grew, it became necessary to widen the civil aircraft apron, which was completed 12 years after its construction. The airport has been administered by Inferaero since 1975. Santa Genoveva Airport

500-690: Is the greatest attraction; Bonito , one of the places with the most crystalline waters in the country; and Chapada dos Guimarães National Park , full of mountains and beautiful landscapes offered by the meadow vegetation. Dividing the States of Mato Grosso , Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás , the Araguaia River attracts numerous fishermen from all parts of Brazil and the world. And in the state of Goiás , historical attractions, such as Pirenópolis draw many visitors all year long, with its steep stone-paved streets and its colonial houses. Other attractions in

550-486: Is the largest soy producer in Brazil, with 26.9% of the total produced in 2020 (33.0 million tons). In the 2019/20 harvest, Goiás was the fourth largest soybean producer, with 12.46 million tons. Mato Grosso do Sul produced 10.5 million tons in 2020, one of the largest producing states in Brazil, around fifth place. Brazil is the world's largest soybean producer, with 120 million tons harvested in 2019. In 2017, Mato Grosso

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600-458: Is the main airport of Goiânia, providing flights to major cities in Brazil. Modernization work is underway to construct a new runway and terminal to handle the growing number of air passenger in and out of Goiânia . 15°46′47″S 47°55′50″W  /  15.77972°S 47.93056°W  / -15.77972; -47.93056 Xingu Indigenous Park The Xingu Indigenous Park ( Parque Indígena do Xingu , pronounced [ʃiŋˈɡu] )

650-462: Is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. The Central-West Region produces 46% of the country's cereals, legumes and oilseeds: 111.5 million tons in 2020. Mato Grosso leads as the largest national producer of grains in the country, with a 28.0% share, with Goiás (10.0%) in 4th place and Mato Grosso do Sul (7.9%) in 5th place. Mato Grosso

700-451: Is the third largest in Brazil in terms of passenger movement. Because of its strategic location it is considered a civil aviation hub for the rest of the country. This makes for a large number of takeoffs and landings and it is not unusual flights to have to wait in the holding pattern to land. Following the airport's master plan, Infraero built a second runway, which was finished in 2006. The runway at Marechal Rondon International Airport

750-480: The Blue Lake Cave . Mato Grosso do Sul has a humid subtropical and tropical climate . The annual rainfall is 1,500 mm. January is the warmest month, with mean maxima of 34 °C (93 °F) and minima of 24 °C (75 °F) and more rain; July experiences the coldest temperatures, with mean maxima of 25 °C (77 °F) and minima of 15 °C (59 °F) and sun. The cerrado landscape

800-567: The Emas National Park in the municipality of Chapadão do Céu , it is possible to observe the typical fauna and the flora from the region. At the Chapada dos Veadeiros the attractions include canyons, valleys, rapids and waterfalls. Other attractions are the historical city of Goiás (or Old Goiás), at 132 km from Goiânia , established at the beginning of the 18th century, and Caldas Novas , known for its hot springs. Located in

850-523: The 1925 incursion to the Xingu. The disappearance of a British lieutenant-colonel, seeking a mystical city in Amazonian forests, caused a media sensation. David Grann wrote an article about this exploration, followed by an expanded book, The Lost City of Z (2009). List of indigenous ethnic groups in the park, along with their respective populations as of 2011: 14 indigenous languages belonging to 5 different language families (including Trumai ,

900-409: The 2019/20 harvest. Mato Grosso do Sul ranks fourth, with about 49 million tons harvested. Mato Grosso harvested 16 million tons, remaining in sixth place. Mato Grosso is also the largest producer of cotton in Brazil, with around 65% of the national production (1.8 of the 2.8 million tons harvested in the country). Goiás is in fourth place. Mato Grosso is the third largest producer of bean in

950-517: The Brazilian agricultural production in the 2019/2020 cycle, with a harvest of 1.09 million tons. Goiás is also the leader in Brazilian tomato production: in 2019 it produced more than 1.2 million tons, a third of the country's total production. The Central-West Region also has relevant productions of garlic , sunflower and manioc . In cattle, Brazil had almost 215 million head of cattle in 2017. The Center-West had 74 million head, 34.5% of

1000-571: The Brazilian total, being the leading region of the country. Regarding pork, Brazil had almost 42 million pigs in 2017. The Central-West had almost 15% of the total (6.2 million). In poultry, Brazil had a total of 1,400 million chickens in 2017. The Central-West had 12.2% of the total (172 million). In milk production, Brazil produced 33.5 billion liters in 2017. The Center-West produced 12% of the total (almost 4 billion liters). In egg production, Brazil produced 4.2 billion dozen in 2017. The Center-West produced 11.6% (489 million dozen). Goiás has 4.58% of

1050-611: The Central-West Region reveals how attractive the tours in the interior of the country can be. Starting in the west part of Mato Grosso do Sul State and the southeast part of Mato Grosso State, we have Pantanal Mato-grossense; the largest swampy plain area in the world, cut by the Paraguai River. Its fauna and flora riches draw the attention of the world. In the same state, it's possible to take tours through pleasant places, such as Alta Floresta, where ecotourism

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1100-587: The Trumai and Suya. In the next 20 years other explorers entered the area, several of whom died. Percy Fawcett disappeared there in 1925. The national park was created after a campaign by the Villas-Bôas brothers for the protection of the region. An account of the exploration of this area by the Villas-Bôas brothers and their efforts to protect the region is documented in the film Xingu (2011) and in

1150-650: The Villas-Bôas brothers, are now spokesmen for all Brazil's indigenous peoples on a world stage. Ever since the late 1970s the Director of the Xingu Indigenous Park has been indigenous, chosen by the area's chiefs. In the sixty years after contact with Von den Steinen, the Xingu peoples had been struck by alien diseases such as measles and influenza that reduced their small populations by two-thirds. The Villas-Bôas brothers completely reversed this decline through an agreement with Professor Roberto Baruzzi of

1200-679: The administration and the development of the region. Brasília International Airport , Marechal Rondon International Airport , Campo Grande International Airport and Santa Genoveva Airport connects the Center-West region with many Brazilian cities and also operates some international flights. The Center-West is home to the University of Brasília , University Center of Brasília , Federal University of Goiás , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Federal University of Mato Grosso and Federal University of Rondonópolis . Mato Grosso

1250-560: The book by John Hemming, People of the Rainforest: The Villas Boas Brothers, Explorers and Humanitarians of the Amazon (London, 2019). The Villas-Bôas brothers and three anthropologists and activists had the radical idea of creating a vast area of forest protected solely for its indigenous inhabitants and invited scientists. This was put to the vice president of Brazil in 1952, at which a much larger park

1300-617: The boundaries of the park are the Kamaiurá (355), Aweti (138), Mehinako (199), Wauja (321), Yawalapiti (208), Kalapalo (417), Kuikuro (415), Matipu (119), Nahukwá (105) and Trumai (120), who all share a common cultural system (population figures as of 2002). Also living within the park are the Ikpeng (formerly Txikao) (319), Kaiabi (745), Kisêdjê (formerly Suia) (334), Yudja (formerly Juruna) (248), Tapayuna and Naruvotu peoples (population figures as of 2002). The Xingu area

1350-536: The center of the park a fan of rivers join. These are, counter-clockwise, Ferro River , Steinem, Ronuro, Jatoba, Batavi (or Tamitatoala), Auiiti, Culiseu, Culuene River and Tonguro. The Upper Xingu region was a highly self-organized pre-Columbian anthropogenic landscape, including deposits of fertile agricultural terra preta , black soil in Portuguese, with a network of roads and polities each of which covered about 250 square kilometers. The Upper Xingu region

1400-399: The country, with 10.2 tons, with a value of R $ 823 million. In niobium (in the form of pyrochlor), it was the second largest producer in the country, with 27 thousand tons, with a value of R $ 312 million. In aluminum ( bauxite ), it was the 3rd largest producer in the country, with 766 thousand tons, for a value of R $ 51 million. Still in 2017, in the Center-West, Mato Grosso had 1.15% of

1450-402: The country, with 10.5% of the Brazilian production. Goiás was the fourth largest producer of beans in Brazil in the 2017/18 harvest, with 374 thousand tons, and has about 10% of the country's production. Brazil is the third largest producer of beans in the world. Goiás and Minas Gerais represent 74.8% of the Brazilian production of sorghum . Goiás has the national leadership: it produced 44% of

1500-727: The first outside permanent residence there was by the São Paulo brothers Orlando and Claudio Villas-Bôas, from 1947 to 1976. They devised a new system for helping indigenous peoples, as friends, helpers and equals rather than as colonialist officials. This is now adopted throughout Brazil. By slowly introducing change at a rate that the indigenous peoples wanted and could absorb, they brought them in only two generations to awareness of all aspects of modern Brazilian society without losing their respect for their traditional communal societies and way of life. Leaders of Xingu indigenous groups such as Aritana Yawalapiti and Raoni Metuktire, both trained by

1550-538: The forest. A trained surveyor, Fawcett had between 1907 and 1911 mapped four boundaries for the Bolivian government. A devotee of spiritualism, he became convinced that the Amazon forests might contain a lost city of an extremely ancient 'superior' civilization. After distinguished service in the First World War, Fawcett spent several years pursuing his fantasy in the north-east and other parts of Brazil, before

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1600-459: The hottest days. The artificial lake of Paranoá , with almost 40 km and 500 million m of water, was built to minimize the severe climatic conditions of the winter. The region also attracts mystics, and in its surroundings one can find many temples of different religions and sectarian groups. The Central-West Region has 237 cities. The most populated are the following: [REDACTED] Brasília [REDACTED] Goiânia Portuguese

1650-467: The leadership of exports in the product in the country, with 9.7 million tons sold: 22.20% of total Brazilian pulp exports that year. Tourism has grown at impressive speed in the last decades there, attracting visitors from several parts of Brazil and the world; who all enjoy the Region's flora and fauna riches, as well as its numerous marvelous views. Located in the middle of the vast Central Upland,

1700-405: The mark of 1 million hectares of planted eucalyptus trees, expanded its industrial park in the sector and consolidated itself as the largest exporter of the product in the country in the first quarter of 2020. Between the years 2010 to 2018, the production of Mato Grosso do Sul soared by 308%, reaching 17 million cubic meters of roundwood for paper and pulp in 2018. In 2019, Mato Grosso do Sul reached

1750-454: The move of the country's federal capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília in the 1960s, the construction of roads and railways to the interior of the country made access to the region easier, speeding up population growth and contributing significantly to the region's development. Mato Grosso do Sul was created in 1979, materializing the decision of the government to divide the then called state of Mato Grosso in two states to facilitate to

1800-417: The national mining participation (3rd place in the country). In 2017, in nickel , Goiás and Pará are the only two producers in the country, with Goiás being the first in production, having obtained 154 thousand tons for a value of R $ 1.4 billion. In copper , it was the second largest producer in the country, with 242 thousand tons, at a value of R $ 1.4 billion. In gold , it was the fourth largest producer in

1850-409: The national mining participation (fifth place in the country) and Mato Grosso do Sul had 0.71% of the national mineral participation (sixth place in the country). Mato Grosso had production of gold (8.3 tons worth R $ 1 billion) and tin (536 tons worth R $ 16 million). Mato Grosso do Sul had production of iron (3.1 million tons with a value of R $ 324 million) and manganese (648 thousand tons with

1900-482: The north it was protected by the Xingu's many rapids. From the south it was protected by thin settlement and the warlike Bororo and Xavante , among others. In 1884 Karl von den Steinen headed northwest from Cuiabá to some Christianized Bakairi on the upper Teles Pires . They led him two weeks east to the Batavi River where they built canoes. They went downstream and met some uncontacted Bakairi, as well as

1950-440: The perimeter was made in 1978.) The area was soon given the designation of "Indigenous Park" to cover the dual purpose of protecting the environment and the indigenous people, with all others excluded. It was the first such vast protected area in the world, and was the prototype of large indigenous territories throughout Amazonia which now protect a significant proportion of surviving tropical rain forests. The Xingu Indigenous Park

2000-614: The same state include Chapada dos Veadeiros and the National Park of Emas, where the contact with nature is the essence of the tours. In the Federal District, the National Park of Brasília is one of the greatest local attractions. Brasília International Airport - President Juscelino Kubitschek (BSB/SBBR) serves the metropolitan area with major domestic and international flights. Brasília International Airport

2050-496: The south transitioning to Amazon rain forest in the north. There is a rainy season from November to April. The headwaters of the Xingu River are in the south of the park. The area covered by the park was defined in 1961 and covers parts of the municipalities of Canarana , Paranatinga , São Félix do Araguaia , São José do Xingu , Gaúcha do Norte , Feliz Natal , Querência , União do Sul , Nova Ubiratã and Marcelândia in

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2100-468: The state of Goiás in a region called Planalto Central , the Federal District is divided in 31 administrative regions . Brasília - where the three branches of the federal government are located - is the main attraction of this dry area with only two seasons. The rainy season is from October to March. During the dry season, the humidity can reach critical levels, mainly in the peak hours of

2150-644: The state of Mato Grosso. To the east is the basin of the Araguaia River , the main branch of the Tocantins. To the west and south is the Teles Pires branch of the Tapajos River . Much of the surrounding area, except to the north, is now heavily deforested. On the east side the deforested or unforested area extends northeast marking the approximate southeastern edge of the Amazon forest. At

2200-579: The state. The Xingu Indigenous Park and the Araguaia River are in Mato Grosso. Further south, the Pantanal , the world's largest wetland , is the habitat for nearly one thousand species of animals and many aquatic birds. The Pantanal covers 12 municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul and presents an enormous variety of flora and fauna, with forests, natural sand banks, savannahs, open pasture, fields and bushes. The area near Bonito has prehistoric caverns, natural rivers, waterfalls, swimming pools and

2250-494: The title Central-Western Region . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central-Western_Region&oldid=848714774 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Central-West Region, Brazil With

2300-415: Was heavily populated prior to European and African contact. Densely populated settlements developed from 1200 to 1600 CE. Ancient roads and bridges linked communities that were often surrounded by ditches or moats. The villages were pre-planned and featured circular plazas. Archaeologists have unearthed 19 villages so far. The upper Xingu was one of the last parts of Brazil to be reached by Europeans. From

2350-544: Was initially a presidential department, but is now subject to both the indigenous agency Funai and the environmental agency Ibama. By the late 1990s livestock and soya farms to the northeast of the park were starting to reach the park, as was deforestation to the west of the park. The effects of human activity outside the park were starting to pollute the waters of the park. The park remains an island of forest and rivers increasingly threatened by polluting activity and deforestation outside its perimeter. The people living within

2400-417: Was opened to traffic in 1956. In February 1975, Infraero took over the airport's administration and began various upgrades to meet the needs of the airport complex. As of 1996, Marechal Rondon Airport, located 10 km (6.2 mi) from the city center, started receiving international flights. Currently it serves more than 900 thousand passengers a year. The operation of Campo Grande International Airport

2450-621: Was proposed. However, the proposal was opposed by the state of Mato Grosso which began granting land within the proposed area to colonizing companies. Nine years of bitter political and media struggle ensued, until a new president of Brazil, Jânio Quadros (a family friend of the Villas-Bôas) rammed it through as a presidential decree, but at a greatly reduced area to satisfy the state government. The park came into existence by decree 50.455 of 14 April 1961. (Adjustments were made on 31 July 1961, 6 August 1968 and 13 July 1971. The final demarcation of

2500-412: Was the largest producer of maize in the country; fourth, Goiás. In 2019, Mato Grosso do Sul was also one of the largest maize producers in the country with 10.1 million tons. Brazil is the second largest corn producer in the world, with 107 million tons harvested in 2019. Goiás is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the country, 11.3% of national production, with 75.7 million tons harvested in

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