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67-663: Neighboring states (from west clockwise) are: Rondônia , Amazonas , Pará , Tocantins , Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul . The state is roughly 82.2% of the size of its southwest neighbor, the nation of Bolivia . A state with a flat landscape that alternates between vast chapadas and plain areas, Mato Grosso contains three main ecosystems: the Cerrado , the Pantanal and the Amazon rainforest . The Chapada dos Guimarães National Park , with its caves, grottoes, tracks, and waterfalls,

134-413: A "bruine mens". In popular use, Brazilians also use a category of moreno m. [moˈɾenu] , morena f. [moˈɾenɐ] , lit. ' swarthy ', from mouro , Portuguese for ' Moor ', which were perceived as those with darker phenotypes than European peoples. Thus a moreno or morena is a person with a "Moorish" phenotype, which is extremely ambiguous as it can mean "dark-haired people", but is also used as

201-562: A Territorial Prelature) with 13 parishes under Bishop Benedito Araújo (2011), and Ji-Paraná (1978 as the Territorial Prelature of Vila Rondônia) with 24 parishes under Bishop Norbert Hans Christoph Foerster (2020); 33.8% Protestant, 0.6% Spiritism, 3.7% other religion, 14.3% non-religious. As of 2011 there were 21 Indigenous Territories in Rondônia, with two more in process of being demarcated. The largest of these,

268-686: A euphemism for pardo , and even "black". In a 1995 survey, 32% of the population self-identified as moreno , with a further 6% self-identifying as moreno claro ("light moreno"). 7% self-identified as "pardo". A comprehensive study presented by the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research found that on average, white Brazilians have >70-90% European genomic ancestry, whereas black Brazilians have 60% European genomic ancestry. It concluded that "The high ancestral variability observed in Whites and Blacks suggests that each Brazilian has

335-742: A few days after the adoption of the national flag. The Mato Grosso state flag was abolished by Law No. 1.046 of October 8, 1929, but reinstated by Article 140 of the Constitution of the State of Mato Grosso on July 11, 1947. Fishing in the Teles Pires , São Benedito and Azul rivers is productive practically all year long. The largest sandstone cavern in Brazil, Aroe Jari, extends nearly 1,550 m (5,090 ft), and several prehistoric inscriptions can be found inside. The Pantanal 's backbone

402-560: A pejorative and as a self-identifier in reference to Filipino Americans . Furthermore, some Americans of Southeast Asian or South Asian descent have used the terms "Brown Asian" or "Brown South Asian" to distinguish themselves from East Asian Americans, who are what the term "Asian American" usually refers to in the United States. Brown pride is a movement primarily in the United States among mestizo Latinxs to develop

469-481: A positive self-image by embracing the idea of being brown as a form of pride. Brown pride is a response to the racist or colorist narrative that white skin is more beautiful than brown skin. Brown pride first emerged among Mexican Americans in the United States alongside the Chicano and Black is Beautiful movement in the 1960s. In the United States, mainstream media has sometimes referenced brown as

536-459: A singular and quite individual proportion of European, African and Amerindian ancestry in their mosaic genomes. Thus, the only possible basis to deal with genetic variation in Brazilians is not by considering them as members of color groups, but on a person-by-person basis, as 190 million human beings, with singular genome and life histories". Relating to brown identity , the popular usage of

603-638: A value of R$ 125 million), niobium (in the form of columbita-tantalita) (3.5 thousand tons at R$ 24 million), and zinc in gross form (26 thousand tons at R$ 27 million) In addition, in gemstones, the state has some production of garnet . In industry , Rondônia had an industrial GDP of R$ 8.2 billion in 2017, equivalent to 0.7% of the national industry. It employs 49,944 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Industrial Services of Public Utility, such as Electricity and Water (54.4%), Construction (19.2%), Food (17.6%), Wood (1.8%) and Non-metallic minerals (1.2%). These 5 sectors concentrate 94.2% of

670-430: A value of R$ 1 billion) and tin (536 tons at a value of R$ 16 million). In addition, in gemstones, the state is the second largest national producer of diamond , having extracted 49,000 carats in the year 2017. The city of Juína is the main one in this activity in the state. The state also has a small production of sapphire and jasper . Mato Grosso had an industrial GDP of R$ 17.0 billion in 2017, equivalent to 1.4% of

737-411: Is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color -based category for specific populations with a light to moderate brown complexion . In the 18th and 19th century, European and American writers proposed geographically based "scientific" differences among "the races". Many of these racial models assigned colors to the groups described, and some included a "brown race" as in

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804-549: Is a limestone cave with a pool of blue water and unusual cave formations. These have suffered from vandalism, causing the cave to be closed until measures to protect it could be implemented. The blue lagoon cave holds a pool of blue water formed from underground water of the Saloba River. The main entrance is filled in part by the water. The hall contains columns over 5 m (16 ft) in size and 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter. There may be archaeological remains in

871-611: Is considered the fourteenth best in the country, compared to other Brazilian states. In the list of Brazilian states by HDI , with data from 2010, the “Education” factor reached an index of 0.557, an increase of more than 67% compared to 2000, when the state reached only 0.345. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( IBGE ), in 2021 there were 244,815 enrollments in primary education in Rondônia. Brown people#Pardos in Brazil Brown

938-673: Is home to the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park , its sandstone mountains have eroded into a remarkably varied vistas. The biologically rich Pantanal , one of the world's largest wetland/prairie ecosystems, is also located within this state. The Paraguay basin is rich in the number and diversity of fish (around 230 species), a fascinating place for fishermen and scholars. In this basin are numerous species classified as “noble” in sport fishing , others, including ornamental species, are of great interest to aquarists and still others whose rarity has led to detailed research. The fishing industry in

1005-589: Is one of its tourist attractions. The extreme northwest of the state has a small part of the Amazonian forest. The Xingu Indigenous Park and the Araguaia River are in Mato Grosso. Farther south, the Pantanal , the world's largest wetland , is the habitat for nearly one thousand species of animals and many aquatic birds. The varied terrain of Mato Grosso includes cliffs, canyons, and waterfalls. It

1072-477: Is planned as of 2021. It crosses the large Rollemberg–Vuolo Bridge over the Paraná River when passing into Mato Grosso do Sul . The state flag has similar colors to the flag of Brazil , with blue symbolizing the sky, green vegetation, and white standing for peace. The star is yellow to symbolize the gold which attracted the first settlers. The flag was adopted by Decree No. 2 of January 31, 1890, just

1139-612: Is still of sociological significance. Irrespective of the actual biological differences amongst humans, and of the actual complexities of human skin coloration , people nonetheless self-identify as "brown" and identify other groups of people as "brown", using characteristics that include skin color, hair strength, language, and culture, in order to classify them. Forbes remarks upon a process of "lumping", whereby characteristics other than skin color, such as hair color or curliness, act as "triggers" for color categories "even when it may not be appropriate." In 1950s (and later) South Africa ,

1206-642: Is the Paraguay River , which cuts through the region from north to south. The Miranda , Aquidauna , Taquari , and Cuiabá rivers flow into the Paraguay River. From October to April, the high waters reveal outsized lakes, bays, river branches, and outlets. The Transpantaneira Highway connects the town of Poconé to Jofre Port, along the Cuiabá River bank. It is a dirt road with 126 wooden bridges, and extends for 149 km (93 mi). On

1273-603: Is the fifth least populated state. Its capital and largest city is Porto Velho , bathed by the Madeira River . The state was named after Cândido Rondon , who explored the north of the country during the 1910s. The state, which is home to c. 0.7% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for c. 0.3% of the Brazilian GDP . The state has 52 municipalities and occupies an area of 237,590.547 km , equivalent to

1340-539: Is the third most populous state in the North Region with 1,815,278 inhabitants, according to an estimate by IBGE for 2021, being surpassed only by Pará and Amazonas . The population density was 6.6 inhabitants/km . Urbanization : 66.8% (2004); Population growth : 2.2% (1991-2000); Houses : 430,747 (2005). Four of its municipalities have a population above 100,000 inhabitants, these being Porto Velho, Ji-Paraná, Ariquemes and Vilhena. The 2022 census revealed

1407-665: The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), 3,441,998 people resided in the state as of 2018. The population density was 3.8 inhabitants/km. Ethnically, the state includes a relatively high proportion of caboclos (persons of mixed European and Indian ancestry), as do other areas of interior Brazil. The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 2,048,782 Brown (Mixed) people (56%); 1,181,590 White people (32.3%); 360,698 Black people (9.9%); 56,687 Amerindian people (1.5%); and 10,813 Asian people (0.3%). At

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1474-531: The Federal University of Rondonópolis (UFR)  [ pt ] , formerly a part of UFMT until 2018. Agriculture is the largest component of the state's GDP at 40.8%, followed by the service sector at 40.2%. The industrial sector represents 19% of the GDP (2004). Mato Grosso's major exports include soybeans (83%), wood (5.6%), meats (4.8%), and cotton (3.3%) (2002). The state's share of

1541-774: The Guaporé River is part of the Beni savanna ecoregion. The Samuel Dam is located in the state, on the Jamari River . Before the Portuguese discovery of Brazil , the region where the present state of Rondônia is situated was populated by indigenous peoples , who are known to have included the following: Arawan speaking peoples Chapachuran speaking peoples Macro-Je speaking peoples Nambikwaran speaking peoples Panoan speaking peoples Tupian speaking peoples Isolated peoples The Spaniard Ñuflo de Chávez

1608-637: The Madeira-Mamoré Railroad , leading to increased settlement. Decree-Law No. 5812 (13 of September 1943) established the Federal Territory of Guaporé  [ pt ] was created from parts of the states of Amazonas and Mato Grosso . By the law of February 17 1956, the region became known as the Federal Territory of Rondônia, in honor of Marshal Cândido Rondon . The exploitation of brazil nuts and rubber

1675-650: The Treaty of Petrópolis in 1903. This historically remote area attracted expeditions of exploration in the early 20th century that sought to find lost civilizations. A notable example was British Captain Percy Fawcett 's expedition to find the Lost City of Z which he believed existed in the jungles of Brazil. Certain proponents of the Hollow Earth hypothesis speculated that the region had sites of access to

1742-651: The Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Territory , covers over 1.8 million hectares. Another, the Rio Omerê Indigenous Territory , is home to the Kanoê and Akuntsu people. Both tribes were the victims of massacres by cattle ranchers in the 1970s and 1980s and currently number just four and five individuals respectively. Over 20 indigenous languages are spoken in Rondônia. Below is a list of indigenous languages spoken in

1809-573: The "brown people" were the Coloureds , referring to those born of multiracial sexual unions out of wedlock. They were distinct from the Reheboth Basters inhabiting Namibia , who were primarily of Khoisan and European parentage. The Afrikaans terms, which incorporate many subtleties of heritage, political agenda, and identity, are " bruin " ("brown"), " bruines " ("browns"), and " bruinmense " ("brown people"). Some South Africans prefer

1876-408: The 19th century, the notion of a single "brown people" was sometimes superseded by multiple "brown peoples". Cust mentions Grammar in 1852 denying that there was one single "brown race", but in fact, several races speaking distinct languages. The 1858 Cyclopaedia of India and of eastern and southern Asia notes that Keane was dividing the "brown people" into quaternion: a western branch that he termed

1943-454: The 2019 Brazilian harvest, Rondônia harvested 1.2 million tons, 3rd in the North Region. In 2019, the state produced 805 thousand tons of maize , second largest production in the northern region, losing only to Tocantins. In cassava production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Rondônia was the 11th largest producer in the country, with 583 thousand tons. In 2018, Rondônia produced 124 thousand tons of rice . In

2010-425: The 2022 census, the most commonly nominated ethnic groups as a proportion of the total population were: Portuguese is the official national language and the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also taught as part of the official high school curriculum. More than 58 universities are located in the state of Mato Grosso. Cuiabá is home to the following universities: Rondonópolis also has

2077-400: The Brazilian economy is 1.8% (2014). In 2020, Mato Grosso was the leader in national grain production, with 28.0%. It's the largest producer of soy in Brazil, with 26.9% of the total produced in 2020 (33.0 million tons); the largest producer of maize in the country; the largest producer of cotton in Brazil, with around 65% of national production (1.8 out of the 2.8 million tons harvested in

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2144-616: The Guaporé River, the Portuguese Crown founded the Captaincy of Mato Grosso in 1748 with Antonio Rolim de Moura Tavares  [ pt ] as governor. On March 19, 1752, the governor designated Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade as the capital, from where he commanded the border demarcation following the Treaty of Madrid (1750) . In 1753, he installed a surveillance post in the village of Santa Rosa Velha, built by

2211-635: The Malay, a north-western group that he termed the Micronesian, and the peoples of the eastern archipelagos that he termed the Maori and the Polynesian. The appellation "brown people" has been applied in the 20th and 21st centuries to several groups. Edward Telles, a sociologist of race and ethnicity, and Jack Forbes both argue that this classification is biologically invalid. However, as Telles notes, it

2278-567: The North and 5th largest in Brazil), cocoa (2nd largest producer in the North and 3rd largest in Brazil), beans (2nd largest producer in the North), maize (2nd largest producer in the North region), soybean (3rd largest producer in the North region), rice (3rd largest producer in the North region) and cassava (4th largest producer in the North region). Despite the large volume of production and

2345-420: The North, second only to Pará, being the 6th largest in the country, 5th in meat exports and 8th in milk production. The state's milk production in 2018 was around 800 million liters, the largest producer in the North. In 2017, Rondônia had 0.62% of the national mineral participation (8th place in the country). Rondônia had production of tin (10,9 thousand tons at a value of R$ 333 million), gold (1 ton at

2412-610: The Pantanal plays an important role in the region's economy and, for local people, fish is a staple food. The Pantanal has a habitat similar to the Everglades in Florida in the United States, although the Pantanal is much larger. The Bororo Indians live in the Mato Grosso area. As late as 1880, soldiers patrolled lands on the outskirts of Cuiabá , Mato Grosso's capital and largest city, to protect settlers from Bororo raids. By

2479-632: The Rondônia section, crosses the state from the border with Mato Grosso to the border with Acre. It is the main route for the outflow of grain production (especially soy ) from the south of Rondônia and the west of Mato Grosso to the city of Porto Velho, where the grain port is located. A bridge is being built over the Madeira River (the first over this river), which aims to consolidate road transport between Brazil and Peru. One road to Bolivia: One road to Acre: One road to Amazonas: Six roads to Mato Grosso: The quality of Education in Rondônia

2546-622: The Spanish on the right bank of the Guaporé, and thus in Brazilian lands. In 1759, the Spanish governor of Santa Cruz de la Sierra requested that the post be evacuated. Instead, Rolim de Moura built a fort to replace it, which became known as the Presídio de Nossa Senhora da Conceição  [ pt ] . Due to the climate and the incursions of the Spanish, the Presidio was soon in ruins. It

2613-416: The appellation "brown people" when it was put to him incorrectly by Judge Boshoff: Penelope Oakes characterizes Biko's argument as picking "black" over "brown" because for Biko it is "the most valid, meaningful and appropriate representation, even though in an individualistic decontextualized sense it might appear wrong" (Oakes's emphasis). This contrasts with Piet Uithalder, the fictional protagonist of

2680-512: The appellation "bruinmense" to "Coloured". The South African pencil test was one example of a characteristic other than skin color being used as a determiner. The pencil test, which distinguished either "black" from "Coloured" or "Coloured" from "white", relied upon curliness and strength of hair (i.e. whether it was capable of retaining a pencil under its own strength) rather than upon any color factor at all. The pencil test could "trump skin color". Steve Biko , in his trial in 1976, rejected

2747-525: The capital, still preserving the strong Amazonian traits of the native population in cities bathed by large rivers, especially in Porto Velho and Guajará-Mirim, the two oldest cities in the state. 47.6% Roman Catholic in the Archdiocese of Porto Velho (1925 as a Territorial Prelature) with 30 parishes under Archbishop Roque Paloschi (2015), and the two suffragan dioceses of Guajará-Mirim (1929 as

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2814-432: The cattle herd from Mato Grosso reached the mark of 30 million cattle, the largest cattle herd in the country, representing almost 14% of national production alone. In 2018, Mato Grosso was the fifth largest pork producer in the country, with a herd of around 2.5 million animals. In 2017, Mato Grosso had 1.15% of the national mineral participation (fifth place in the country). Mato Grosso had production of gold (8.3 tons at

2881-495: The cave. The park has several other limestone caves. It is covered with deciduous forests, and is home to howler monkeys , tapirs , jaguars , and macaws . Cuiabá was one of 12 cities chosen to host the games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup , which took place in Brazil. In the state were born the medalists of the World Championships Felipe Lima in swimming and David Moura in judo, in addition to

2948-425: The country).; the sixth largest producer of sugarcane in the country, 16 million tons harvested in the 2019/20 harvest.; and the third largest producer of beans , with 10.5% of Brazilian production. In sunflowers , the state was the largest national producer in 2019, with 60,000 tons. In cassava production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Mato Grosso produced 287,000 tons that year. In 2009,

3015-427: The end of the 19th century, although severely reduced by disease and by warfare with explorers, slave traders , prospectors , settlers , and other indigenous groups , as many as five to 10 thousand Bororo continued to occupy central and eastern Mato Grosso, as well as western Goiás . The southwestern part of this state was ceded by Brazil to Bolivia in exchange for the then-Bolivian territory of Acre , according to

3082-530: The following numbers: 936,708 Brown ( Multiracial ) people (59.2%), 486,123 White people (30.7%), 136,793 Black people (8.7%), 17,278 Amerindian people (1.1%), 4,257 Asian people (0.3%). The population of Rondônia is one of the most diverse in Brazil , composed of migrants from all regions of the country, among whom stand out the Paraná , São Paulo , Minas Gerais , and Rio Grande do Sul , who settled in

3149-412: The following: These and other race theories have been dismissed scientifically. As a 2012-human biology textbook observes, "These claims of race-based taxonomy, including [Carleton] Coon's claims for homo-sapienation, have been discredited by paleontological and genomic research showing the antiquity of modern human origins, as well as the essential genomic African nature of all living human beings." In

3216-420: The interior of the earth and its settlements. In 1977, the state was split into two halves, and the neighboring state of Mato Grosso do Sul was created from the other part of its territory. Mato Grosso had a high rate of population growth in the 20th century due to timber, ranching and agricultural development. The state as a whole has one of the lowest population densities of any Brazilian state. According to

3283-407: The largest cities in the state, Rondonópolis , then to the border with Mato Grosso do Sul . Some of the main roads are: Marechal Rondon International Airport , located 10 km (6.2 mi) from the city center of Cuiabá , in the suburb of Várzea Grande , started receiving international flights in 1996. It now serves more than half a million passengers a year. The runway at Marechal Rondon

3350-401: The national industry. It employs 141,121 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Construction (32.0%), Food (27.9%), Industrial Services of Public Utility, such as Electricity and Water (18.6%), Beverages (4.5%) and Oil Products Oil and Biofuels (3.9%). These five sectors concentrate 86.9% of the state's industry. Mato Grosso had, in 2020, 141,171 km of municipal roads; on

3417-476: The proclamation of the First Brazilian Republic caused the region to lose its economic importance until the end of the nineteenth century, when the exploitation of rubber entered its peak. In April 1878, following to the Treaty of Ayacucho , the border between Bolivia and Brazil was mapped by cartographic teams and agreed in 1879. The Treaty of Petrópolis in 1903 led to the construction of

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3484-437: The production of cocoa , Pará has been competing with Bahia for the leadership of Brazilian production. In 2019, Pará harvested 135 thousand tons of cocoa, and Bahians harvested 130 thousand tons. Rondônia is the 3rd largest cocoa producer in the country, with 18 thousand tons harvested in 2017. In 2017, the state had a cattle herd of 14,098,031 head of cattle (73,37% for beef and the rest for dairy), second largest herd in

3551-411: The roads of the state of Mato Grosso there were 22,399 km of unpaved roads, 7,281 km of paved roads and 81 km of duplicated highways . In the federal road network, there were 3,649 km of roads, including 330 km of duplicated highways . Mato Grosso, despite being a more recently occupied state, already has a 2-lane highway in each direction connecting the capital Cuiabá to one of

3618-498: The satirical column "Straatpraatjes" (whose actual author was never revealed but who is believed to have been Abdullah Abdurahman) that appeared in the Dutch-Afrikaans section of the newspaper APO between May 1909 and February 1922. Uithalder would self-identify as a Coloured person, with the column targeted at a Coloured readership, introducing himself as "een van de ras" ("a member of the race") and characterizing himself as

3685-426: The small territory by the region's standards (7 times smaller than Amazonas and 6 times smaller than Pará), Rondônia still has more than 60% of its territory fully preserved. In coffee production, Rondônia was, in 2019, the 5th largest producer in the country, being the 2nd largest producer of Coffea canephora , getting a total of 2.3 million bags of 60 kg of coffee (near 138 thousand tons) this year. In soy , in

3752-420: The south-central part of the country, stimulated by the federal government's colonization projects and the availability of cheap and fertile land. The development of agricultural activities has transformed the area into one of the main agricultural frontiers in the country and one of the most prosperous and productive regions in northern Brazil. The state stands out in the production of coffee (largest producer in

3819-420: The state's industry. Governador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport is located in the state capital of Porto Velho. Domestic airports at Ji-Paraná , Ariquemes , Pimenta Bueno , Guajará-Mirim , Vilhena and Principe da Beira. Waterways: Pôrto Velho is an Amazon River port. The state of Rondônia has 24,000 kilometers of highways, of which only 7% are paved. The BR-364 , fully paved in

3886-401: The state: The economy of the state of Rondônia has, as main activities, agriculture, livestock, food industry and vegetal and mineral extraction. In 2016, the state's GDP reached R$ 39.451 billion. Its export basket is mainly composed of frozen beef (43.43%), soy (32.77%), raw tin (7.08%), sawn wood (2.36%) and edible giblets (2.02%). Beginning in the 1970s, the state attracted farmers from

3953-592: The term in Canada generally refers to individuals of South Asian and Middle Eastern ancestry. "Brown" has been used as a term in popular culture for some South Asian Americans , Middle Eastern Americans , Native Americans , and Latino Americans either as a pejorative term or sometimes for self-identification, as with brown identity . Judith Ortiz Cofer noted that appellation varies according to geographical location, observing that in Puerto Rico she

4020-488: The territory of Romania and almost five times larger than Croatia . In addition to this, there are other important cities such as Ariquemes , Cacoal , Guajará-Mirim , Ji-Paraná , Rolim de Moura and Vilhena . Rondonia used to be home to over 200,000 km of rainforest , but has become one of the most deforested places in the Amazon. By 2003 around 70,000 km of rainforest had been cleared. The area around

4087-506: The way, it is possible to observe wild animals, especially alligators , capybaras , and birds, among other wild animals. The 1,487 ha (3,670 acres) Águas Quentes State Park , the first protected area in Mato Grosso, is known for the healing powers of its thermal waters. The Gruta da Lagoa Azul State Park ( Portuguese : Parque Estadual Gruta da Lagoa Azul ) is a state park in the municipality of Nobres , Mato Grosso, with an area of 12,513 ha (30,920 acres). Its primary attraction

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4154-436: The world champions of futsal Vinícius and Lenísio . Rond%C3%B4nia Rondônia ( pronounced [ʁõˈdoni.ɐ, ʁõˈdonjɐ] ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil , located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). It is bordered by Acre in the west, Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in the east, and Bolivia in the south. Rondônia has a population of 1,815,000 as of 2021. It

4221-495: Was considered to be a "white person", but in the United States mainland, she was considered to be a "brown person". Moustafa Bayoumi , an Egyptian-American professor of English at Brooklyn College , identified himself as a "brown Arab-American" in an opinion piece criticizing the United States Census for forcing self-identified brown persons to identify as white. The term "Brown American" has been used both as

4288-492: Was opened to traffic in 1956. In February 1975, Infraero took over the airport's administration and began various upgrades to meet the needs of the airport complex. The 1,600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) Northern Brazil Railway  [ pt ] connects Mato Grosso with the state of São Paulo and sea ports. Rumo Logística only operates freight trains on the line, which runs as far inland as Rondonópolis . An extension northward to Cuiabá and Lucas do Rio Verde

4355-524: Was rebuilt in 1769 by Governor Luís Pinto de Sousa Coutinho , and renamed as Forte de Bragança. Ruined again, in 1776 the Forte Príncipe da Beira was built in its place. In 1772, Francisco de Melo Palheta  [ pt ] led an expedition from Belém which reached the Madeira River , the Mamoré River and the Guaporé River, reaching Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The decline of mining and

4422-406: Was the first European explorer to reach the valley of the Guaporé River between 1541 and 1542, although he only passed through. Bandeirantes arrived in the region around 1650, with the goal of exploiting the gold and other minerals of the territory. In the same period, Jesuit priests came to the region and founded the first village. As a consequence of the discovery of gold on the right bank of

4489-503: Was the main economic activity until the discovery of cassiterite deposits, which accelerated the development and settlement of the region. This development led to the territory achieving the status of a state in 1982, with 13 constituent municipalities, including the capital, Porto Velho . These are: Guajará-Mirim , Ji-Paraná , Vilhena , Ariquemes , Jaru , Pimenta Bueno , Colorado do Oeste , Cacoal , Ouro Preto do Oeste , Presidente Médici , Espigão d'Oeste and Costa Marques . It

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