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18-472: Within Aramaic studies , several alternative groupings of Neo-Aramaic languages had been proposed by different researchers, and some of those groupings have used the term Central Neo-Aramaic in a wider meaning, including the widest scope, referring to all Neo-Aramaic languages except for Western Neo-Aramaic and Neo-Mandaic . The narrower definition of the term " Central Neo-Aramaic languages " includes only

36-673: A distinctive academic discipline, Aramaic studies started to develop during the Early Modern period, and they were initially focused on the study of the Christian Aramaic heritage, embodied in Syriac language and cultural traditions of Syriac Christianity . The field was gradually widened, and by the 19th century expanded towards studies of ancient Aramaic heritage, that included all of the oldest (pre-Christian) varieties of Aramaic languages, and ancient Aramaic alphabet . On

54-522: A dual heritage. Most immediately, they have grown out of Eastern Aramaic colloquial varieties that were spoken in the Tur Abdin region and the surrounding plains for a thousand years. However, they have been influenced by Classical Syriac , which itself was the variety of Eastern Aramaic spoken farther west, in the Osroenian city of Edessa . Perhaps the proximity of Central Neo-Aramaic to Edessa, and

72-880: A leading journal for Aramaic language and literature published by Brill Academic Publishers. The journal incorporates the previous Journal for the Aramaic Bible for a more inclusive scope, to include all aspects of Aramaic language and literature, even when not, or only indirectly, related to Biblical texts. Specialists in Aramaic studies are known as Aramaicists , while scholars who are involved in Syriac studies are known as Syriacists . Aramaic studies are branched into several disciplines , some of them interdisciplinary by nature of their research subjects, and thus shared with other closely related fields, like Jewish studies or Christian studies . Neo-Aramaic studies represent

90-480: A long-lasting impact on future development of Turoyo-speaking communities, affecting all spheres of their life, including culture, language and literature. Aramaic studies Aramaic studies are scientific studies of the Aramaic languages and literature. As a specific field within Semitic studies , Aramaic studies are closely related to similar disciplines, like Hebraic studies and Arabic studies . As

108-540: A more 'general' field of studies, such as Eastern Christianity at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London , as Eastern Christianity at Duke University , or as Semitic studies at the Freie Universität Berlin . Most students learn the Aramaic language and Syriac language within a biblical studies program. Aramaic academic journals include the annual Aramaic Studies ,

126-427: A specific field of research within Aramaic studies , that is dedicated to the study of Neo-Aramaic languages , history and culture. Syriac studies represent a specific field of research within Aramaic studies , that is dedicated to the study of Syriac language and Syriac Christianity . Christian Aramaic studies are an interdisciplinary field , both of Christian studies and of Aramaic studies, dedicated to

144-595: Is an extinct language once spoken to the north, in Diyarbakır Province . Other related languages all seem to now be extinct without record. A large number of speakers of these languages have moved to al-Jazira in Syria , particularly the towns of Qamishli and al Hasakah . A number of Turoyo speakers are found in diaspora , with a particularly prominent community in Sweden . The Central Neo-Aramaic languages have

162-532: The Turoyo and Mlahsô languages, while the wider definition also includes the Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) group. In an attempt to avoid confusion, the narrower group is sometimes referred to as Northwestern Neo-Aramaic , and when combined with NENA it is called Northern Neo-Aramaic . Both languages that are belonging to this group are termed as Syriac ( ܣܘܪܝܝܐ Sūryoyo ), and refer to

180-510: The classical language as either Edessan ( ܐܘܪܗܝܐ Ūrhoyo ) or Literary ( ܟܬܒܢܝܐ Kthobonoyo ). The latter name is particularly used for the revived Classical Syriac . The smaller Central, or Northwestern, varieties of Neo-Aramaic are spoken by Assyrian Christians traditionally living in the Tur Abdin area of southeastern Turkey and areas around it. Turoyo itself is the closely related group of dialects spoken in Tur Abdin, while Mlahsô

198-508: The closeness of their parent languages, meant that they bear a greater similarity to the classical language than do Northeastern Neo-Aramaic varieties. However, a clearly separate evolution can be seen in Turoyo and Mlahsô. Mlahsô is grammatically similar to the classical language, and continued to use a similar tense - aspect system to it. However, Mlahsô developed a distinctively clipped phonological palette and systematically turns /θ/→/s/. On

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216-555: The long-standing " Chaldean misnomer " (Chaldaic, Chaldee) for the Biblical Aramaic . The exonymic origin and nature of the ancient Greek use of "Syrian" labels as designations for ancient Arameans and their language (in Septuagint and other Greek sources) was also analyzed, but conventional Syrian/Syriac nomenclature was kept in reference to Edessan Aramaic language , still labeled as Classical Syriac . One of

234-542: The main issues within the field was the question of historical periodization of Aramaic language, and adoption of specific terms for various historical stages, and branches of the Aramaic linguistic tree. In modern times, Aramaic studies are organized within distinctive academic centers and programs, like those at the University of Oxford , University of Leiden , and University of Detroit Mercy . At some other universities, Aramaic studies are mostly incorporated into

252-417: The other hand, Turoyo has a quite similar phonology to Classical Syriac, yet it has developed a radically different grammar, sharing similar features with NENA varieties. First modern studies of Central Neo-Aramaic dialects were initiated during the 19th century, and by the beginning of the 20th century some attempts were made to expand the use of vernacular (Turoyo) into the literary sphere, still dominated by

270-412: The other side, the field was also expanded towards modern periods, focused on the study of the remaining Neo-Aramaic languages , and modern cultural heritage of Neo-Aramaic communities. During the 19th century, Aramaic studies were constituted as a modern scientific field of research. In the process, several traditional misconceptions were challenged and consequently abandoned, most notable of them being

288-621: The prolonged use of Classical Syriac among educated adherents of the Syriac Orthodox Church . That development was interrupted by the breakout of the First World War (1914–1918) and the atrocities committed during Seyfo (genocide) against various Aramaic-speaking communities, including those in the Tur Abdin region. Displacement of local Christian communities from their native regions created several new groups of Turoyo speakers throughout diaspora . Those events had

306-644: The study of Mandaic language and cultural heritage of Aramaic-speaking Mandaean communities, both historical and modern. Semitic studies Semitic studies , or Semitology , is the academic field dedicated to the studies of Semitic languages and literatures and the history of the Semitic-speaking peoples. A person may be called a Semiticist or a Semitist , both terms being equivalent. It includes Assyriology , Arabic , Hebraist , Syriacist , Mandaean , and Ethiopian studies, as well as comparative studies of Semitic languages aiming at

324-574: The study of linguistic and cultural heritage of Aramaic-speaking Christian communities, historical and modern. Christian Aramaic studies emerged in Europe by the end of the 15th century, and developed gradually during the Early Modern period. Jewish Aramaic studies are an interdisciplinary field , both of Jewish studies and of Aramaic studies, dedicated to the study of Judeo-Aramaic languages and cultural heritage of Aramaic-speaking Jewish communities, historical and modern. Mandaean are dedicated to

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