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24-618: Central Plain or Central Plains may refer to: Regions [ edit ] Zhongyuan , a plain in Northern China in the lower reaches of the Yellow River which was the cradle of Chinese civilisation Central Plains Economic Zone Central Plain (Wisconsin) , one of the geographical regions of Wisconsin Central Plains Region , an informal geographic region of

48-746: A channel with Bai He) is also the only waterway from the sea to Beijing . Therefore, early Westerners also called the Hai He the Bai He. At Tianjin, through the Grand Canal, the Hai connects with the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. The construction of the Grand Canal greatly altered the rivers of the Hai He basin. Previously, the Wei, Ziya Yongding and Bai Rivers flowed separately to the sea. The Grand Canal cut through

72-525: A large part of Chinese history , Zhongyuan had been the political, economic, and cultural center of the Chinese civilization, as over 20 dynasties had located their capitals in this region. In the modern concept, the term 'Central Plains Region' is used to define the Zhongyuan area. In a narrow sense, it refers to the present-day Henan Province in the central part of China. A broader interpretation of

96-468: A million years ago. Archaeological studies have shown that as far back as 80,000 to 100,000 years ago, the ancient people of Zhongyuan were using stone tools. The excavation of painted pottery and stone tools found from relics of Yangshao culture (5000 to 3000 BC) and Longshan culture (3000 to 1900 BC) prove that Zhongyuan was in the forefront of Chinese civilization throughout the Stone Age . After

120-565: A unified school district including various communities in central Kansas, USA Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Central Plain . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Plain&oldid=1081099708 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

144-510: Is approximately 124 million. In terms of tone, the key characteristics of modern Central Plains Mandarin are: The neutral and aspirated voiced initial consonants of entering tone in Early Mandarin are now pronounced as the first tone (high tone), and voiced initial consonants of entering tone in Early Mandarin are now pronounced as the second tone (rising tone). Hai River The Hai River (海河, lit. "Sea River"), also known as

168-518: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Zhongyuan In prehistoric times, Huaxia, a confederation of tribes that later developed into the Han ethnicity, lived along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The term 'Zhongguo' (Central State) was used to distinguish themselves from the Siyi tribes that were perceived as 'barbaric'. For

192-640: The Classic of Poetry not specifying any exact geographic locations. It was during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC) that the word came to denote the Central Plains region. Only until the Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589 AD) onward, the term 'Zhongyuan' were widely accepted as a geographical concept. The geographical view of Zhongyuan may depict different regions. It usually refers to

216-520: The Battle of Taku Forts (1900) , to prevent the western Eight-Nation Alliance from sending ships to attack. This was reported by American military intelligence in the United States. War Dept. by the United States. Adjutant-General's Office. Military Information Division. Like the Yellow River, the Hai is exceedingly muddy because of the powdery soil through which it flows. The silt carried by

240-535: The North China Plain . The Yellow River flows through the region from west to east. The Huai River and Hai River , as well as Tributaries of the Yangtze River, also pass through Zhongyuan. Since ancient times, Zhongyuan has been a strategically important site of China, regarded as 'The center and hub of the world'. The alluvial deposits of the Yellow River formed the vast plains of Zhongyuan in

264-755: The Peiho , Pei Ho ("White River"), or Hai Ho , is a Chinese river connecting Beijing to Tianjin and the Bohai Sea . During the Song dynasty , the main stream of the Hai River was called the lower section of the Jie River. In the Jin and Yuan dynasties, it was renamed as Zhígǔ River (直沽河, lit. “Straight Gu River") and Dàgǚ River (大沽河, lit. “Great Gu River") respectively. The name Hai River first appeared towards

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288-743: The Canadian province of Manitoba Central Plains Water , an enhancement scheme for the "Central Plains" of Canterbury, New Zealand The South Central Plains taking up most of Piney Woods , a forest terrestrial ecoregion in the Southern United States. Central Thailand , a plain in Thailand Great Plains , in North America, a portion of which is known as Central Plain Central Plains USD 112 ,

312-514: The Central Plains' measure would also include Henan's neighborhood province, Shaanxi , Hebei , Shanxi , and Shandong , as well as the northern part of Anhui and the northwestern part of Jiangsu . The north, west, and south sides of Zhongyuan are encircled by mountains, predominantly the Taihang Mountains from the northwestern side, Funiu and Xionger Mountains to the west. The central and eastern areas of Zhongyuan form part of

336-790: The Central Plains) written by Zhou Deqing reflected the standard pronunciation of Early Mandarin. Some linguists argue that the Early Mandarin recorded in Zhongyuan Yinyun was based on the pronunciation standards derived from the Luoyang and Bianliang dialects of Zhongyuan, which had been prevalent in the Song dynasty. In modern China, Central Plains Mandarin is mainly used in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Hebei. The population of native Central Plains Mandarin speakers

360-565: The Ming dynasty moved the capital at his power base in Beijing. Central Plains Mandarin (or Zhongyuan Mandarin) is the major language and native tongue spoken in the Zhongyuan region. It is a variety of Mandarin Chinese , formed and developed gradually based on the standard pronunciations of Mandarin and its predecessor, Yayan . In the Yuan dynasty, the rime book Zhongyuan Yinyun (Rhymes of

384-533: The Palaeozoic period. The region has sufficient water resources for plant growth, making it the center of the Chinese agrarian civilization, known as the 'Breadbasket of China'. Zhongyuan has a temperate monsoon climate with distinct seasons. It is usually hot and humid during the summer, cold and dry in the winter. The concept of Zhongyuan had often been changing in different historical periods, under different contexts. The term Zhongyuan first appeared in

408-788: The end of the Ming dynasty . The Hai River at Tianjin is formed by the confluence of five watercourses: the Southern Canal , Ziya River , Daqing River , Yongding River , and the Northern Canal . The southern and northern canals are parts of the Grand Canal . The Southern Canal is joined by the Wei River at Linqing . The Northern Canal joins with the Bai He (or Chaobai River ) at Tongzhou . The Northern Canal (sharing

432-637: The fall of the Song dynasty (960–1279), most of the legitimate dynasties established their capitals within the Zhongyuan area, except for Eastern Jin and the Southern Song . It was not until the Yuan (1271–1368) and Ming dynasties (1368–1644) that the political center of China re-located, as the Mongol Empire established the Yuan dynasty in Dadu (Khanbaliq, now Beijing). Later, Yongle Emperor of

456-469: The lower reaches of these rivers and fused them into one outlet to the sea, in the form of the current Hai He. The Hai River is 1,329 kilometers (826 mi) long measured from the longest tributary. However, the Hai River is only around 70 kilometers (43 mi) from Tianjin to its estuary. Its basin has an area of approximately 319,000 km (123,000 sq mi). On 20 May 1858, the Pei-ho, as it

480-568: The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, but sometimes also encompasses the reaches along the Yangtze and Huai River , and even the whole North China Plain. Apart from being a geographical location, the term 'Zhongyuan' is also used as a historical and cultural concept that represents the dominance of the Han ethnicity. The history of Zhongyuan can be dated back to prehistoric times. There were traces of human activities in Zhongyuan about half

504-524: The rise of Erlitou culture (1900 to 1500 BC), Zhongyuan entered the Bronze Age. The emergence of private ownership and social classes led to the formation of the first dynasty in Chinese history, the Xia dynasty . The Xia dynasty established its regime centered on Zhongyuan, setting the tone for later dynasties to make Zhongyuan the central region. From the rise of the Xia dynasty (c. 2070–c. 1600 BC) to

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528-668: The sea. For example, the Chaobai River is diverted to the Chaobai Xin River and no longer joins with the Northern Canal. Due to industrial and urban development in the Hai He Basin, the volume of water flow has greatly decreased. Many smaller tributaries and some of the major tributaries are dry for most of the year. With reduced water flow, water pollution worsens. The water shortage in the Hai He basin

552-468: The water deposits in the lower reaches, sometimes causing flooding. The waters from the five major tributaries only have one shallow outlet to the sea, which makes such floods stronger. Because China's capital (and second largest city), Beijing, and the third largest city, Tianjin, both lie in the Hai He Basin, Hai He floods cause a significant loss. To alleviate flooding, reservoirs have been built and artificial channels dug to divert excess water directly into

576-649: Was then known, was the scene of an invasion by Anglo-French forces during the Second Opium War whereby the Taku Forts were captured. In 1863 seagoing ships could reach the head of navigation at Tongzhou , but the crooked river was difficult for large vessels. During the Boxer Rebellion , Imperial Chinese forces deployed a weapon called "electric mines " on June 15, at the Baihe river before

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