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73-576: The company's cereals are sold under the Nestlé brand, although many originated from General Mills and some, such as Shredded Wheat and Shreddies , were once made by Nabisco . In Australia and New Zealand, some of CPW's products are sold under the Uncle Tobys brand. In 2022 the company started selling cereals under the General Mills brand but some cereal brands like Trix still continue to have

146-483: A stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This breakfast -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This brand-name food or drink product–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Shredded Wheat Shredded wheat is a breakfast cereal made from whole wheat formed into pillow -shaped biscuits. It is commonly available in three sizes: original, bite-sized (¾×1 in) and miniature (nearly half

219-583: A (non-lacto) vegetarian diet may increase the risk of calcium deficiency and low bone mineral density . A 2019 review found that vegetarians have lower bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine compared to omnivores. A 2020 meta-analysis found that infants fed a lacto-vegetarian diet exhibited normal growth and development. A 2021 review found no differences in growth between vegetarian and meat-eating children. Vegetarian diets are under preliminary research for their potential to help people with type 2 diabetes . Meta-analyses have reported

292-518: A bowl with four Shredded Wheat and the caption "I bet he drinks Carling Black Label." After Henry Perky died in 1906 and the patent on his Shredded Wheat biscuit expired in 1912, John Harvey Kellogg saw that as an opportunity for Kellogg's to sell its own version of the product. Kellogg obtained a patent on the biscuit in 1915, and Kellogg's Shredded Wheat was born. This provoked National Biscuit Company to sue Kellogg for trademark infringement, attempting to enjoin him from using Shredded Wheat as

365-650: A common man's virtues. Chapter 26 of the Tirukkural, particularly couplets 251–260, deals exclusively on moral vegetarianism or veganism. Vegetarianism in ancient India Throughout the whole country the people do not kill any living creature, nor drink intoxicating liquor, nor eat onions or garlic. The only exception is that of the Chandalas. That is the name for those who are (held to be) wicked men, and live apart from others. ... In that country they do not keep pigs and fowls, and do not sell live cattle; in

438-495: A few small studies report very high rates of iron deficiency (up to 40%, and 58% of the respective vegetarian or vegan groups). However, the American Dietetic Association states that iron deficiency is no more common in vegetarians than non-vegetarians (adult males are rarely iron deficient); iron deficiency anaemia is rare no matter the diet. Vitamin B 12 is not generally present in plants but

511-463: A form of strict vegetarianism . It was through this portrayal that Pythagoras was best known to English-speakers throughout the early modern period and, prior to the coinage of the word "vegetarianism", vegetarians were referred to in English as " Pythagoreans ". Vegetarianism was also practiced about six centuries later in another instance (30 BCE–50 CE) in the northern Thracian region by

584-772: A good source since the calcium binds to oxalic acid and is poorly absorbed into the body. Phytic acid found in nuts, seeds, and beans may also impact calcium absorption rates. See the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements for calcium needs for various ages, the Vegetarian Resource Group and the Vegetarian Nutrition Calcium Fact Sheet from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics for more specifics on how to obtain adequate calcium intake on

657-563: A living animal was killed specifically for them to eat, they must refuse it or else incur an offense. However, this does not include eating meat which was given as alms or commercially purchased. In the Theravada canon, Shakyamuni Buddha did not make any comment discouraging them from eating meat (except specific types, such as human, elephant , horse , dog , snake , lion, tiger, leopard, bear , and hyena flesh ) but he specifically refused to institute vegetarianism in his monastic code when

730-567: A local landmark and are listed structures. The first 18 storage units were completed in 1926 with a further 27 constructed in 1938; in both instances they were built by Peter Lind & Company of London who continues in business today. In 1988, Nabisco sold the UK site to Rank Hovis McDougall (who made own-label cereals for supermarkets), whose breakfast cereals division briefly became the Shredded Wheat Company . In 1990, RHM sold

803-587: A mass-production system that disregards the welfare of animals, while others believe that practices like well-managed free-range farming or the consumption of game (particularly from species whose natural predators have been significantly eliminated) could substantially alleviate consumer demand for mass-produced meat. Jainism teaches vegetarianism as moral conduct, as do some sects of Hinduism . Buddhism in general does not prohibit meat eating, but Mahayana Buddhism encourages vegetarianism as beneficial for developing compassion. Other denominations that advocate

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876-516: A purely vegetarian diet would be preferable since it avoided killing animals, both he and the Universal House of Justice , the governing body of the Baháʼís have stated that these teachings do not constitute a Baháʼí practice and that Baháʼís can choose to eat whatever they wish but should be respectful of others' beliefs. Theravadins in general eat meat. If Buddhist monks "see, hear or know"

949-595: A reduced risk in all-cause mortality in vegetarians. A 2017 review found a lower mortality (−25%) from ischemic heart disease. Western vegetarian diets are typically high in carotenoids , but relatively low in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B 12 . Vegans can have particularly low intake of vitamin B and calcium if they do not eat enough items such as collard greens , leafy greens , tempeh and tofu (soy). High levels of dietary fiber, folic acid , vitamins C and E, and magnesium, and low consumption of saturated fat are all considered to be beneficial aspects of

1022-669: A reduced risk of death from ischemic heart disease and from cerebrovascular disease among vegetarians. Reviews of vegan and vegetarian diets showed a possible association with depression and anxiety , particularly among people under 26 years old. Another review found no significant associations between a vegetarian diet and depression or anxiety. The American Dietetic Association discussed that vegetarian diets may be more common among adolescents with eating disorders , indicating that vegetarian diets do not cause eating disorders, but rather "vegetarian diets may be selected to camouflage an existing eating disorder". A 2012 study found

1095-508: A risk factor for several health disorders, including anemia , neurological deficits , gastrointestinal problems, platelet disorders, and increased risk for cardiovascular diseases . The recommended daily dietary intake of B 12 in the United States and Canada is 0.4 mcg (ages 0–6 months), rising to 1.8 mcg (9–13 years), 2.4 mcg (14+ years), and 2.8 mcg (lactating female). While the body's daily requirement for vitamin B 12

1168-663: A suggestion had been made. In several Sanskrit texts of Mahayana Buddhism , Buddha instructs his followers to avoid meat. However, each branch of Mahayana Buddhism selects which sutra to follow, and some branches, including the majority of Tibetan and Japanese Buddhists, actually do eat meat. Meanwhile, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese Buddhism (in some sectors of East Asian Buddhism ) monks and nuns are expected to abstain from meat, and traditionally, to abstain from eggs and dairy as well. Different Buddhist traditions have differing teachings on diet, which may also vary for ordained monks and nuns compared to others. Many interpret

1241-495: A trade name and from manufacturing the cereal in its pillow-shaped form. This series of litigations led to the United States Supreme Court case Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co. in 1938. The Supreme Court ruled that shredded wheat was generic and not trademarkable; and that in any case, when the first patent for shredded wheat machinery expired in 1912, the right to apply the name "shredded wheat" to

1314-423: A variety of plant sources are available and consumed. Vegetarian diets typically contain similar levels of iron to non-vegetarian diets, but this has lower bioavailability than iron from meat sources, and its absorption can sometimes be inhibited by other dietary constituents. According to the Vegetarian Resource Group, consuming food that contains vitamin C, such as citrus fruit or juices, tomatoes, or broccoli,

1387-717: A vegetarian diet include the Seventh-day Adventists , the Rastafari movement , the Ananda Marga movement and the Hare Krishnas . Sikhism does not equate spirituality with diet and does not specify a vegetarian or meat diet. While there are no dietary restrictions in the Baháʼí Faith , `Abdu'l-Bahá , the son of the religion's founder, noted that a vegetarian diet consisting of fruits and grains

1460-519: A vegetarian diet. A well planned vegetarian diet will provide all nutrients in a meat-eater's diet to the same level for all stages of life. Protein intake in vegetarian diets tends to be lower than in meat diets but can meet the daily requirements for most people. Studies at Harvard University as well as other studies conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand , and various European countries, confirmed that vegetarian diets provide sufficient protein intake as long as

1533-426: A vegetarian or vegan diet. Vitamin D needs can be met via the human body's own generation upon sufficient and sensible exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light in sunlight. Products including milk, soy milk and cereal grains may be fortified to provide a source of vitamin D. For those who do not get adequate sun exposure or food sources, vitamin D supplementation may be necessary. Vitamin D 2 , or ergocalciferol

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1606-641: A vitamin D 2 supplement according to study. For example, vitamin D 2 from UV-irradiated yeast baked into bread is bioavailable. By visual assessment or using a chromometer, no significant discoloration of irradiated mushrooms, as measured by the degree of "whiteness", was observed making it hard to discover if they have been treated without labeling. Claims have been made that a normal serving (approx. 3 oz or 1/2 cup, or 60 grams) of mushrooms treated with ultraviolet light increase their vitamin D content to levels up to 80 micrograms, or 2700 IU if exposed to just 5 minutes of UV light after being harvested. Choline

1679-542: A way of transitioning to a complete vegetarian diet or for health, ethical, environmental, or other reasons. Semi-vegetarian diets include: Semi-vegetarianism is contested by vegetarian groups, such as the Vegetarian Society , which states that vegetarianism excludes all animal flesh. Consumption of eggs is not considered to be a part of a vegetarian diet in India, as egg is an animal product that gives birth to

1752-580: A whisk broom." However, after co-founding the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company—later the Kellogg Company cereal manufacturer—with his brother Will Keith Kellogg in 1906, John Kellogg observed the success of Perky's product and offered to buy its patent from him, but at too low a price to pique Perky's interest. Premiering to the public at Chicago 's World Columbian Exposition in 1893, shredded wheat cereal

1825-599: Is a good way to increase the amount of iron absorbed at a meal. Vegetarian foods rich in iron include black beans , cashews , hempseed , kidney beans , broccoli , lentils , oatmeal , raisins , jaggery , spinach , cabbage , lettuce, black-eyed peas , soybeans , many breakfast cereals , sunflower seeds , chickpeas , tomato juice , tempeh , molasses , thyme , and whole-wheat bread . The related vegan diets can often be higher in iron than vegetarian diets, because dairy products are low in iron. Iron stores often tend to be lower in vegetarians than non-vegetarians, and

1898-486: Is a nutrient that helps transfer signals between nerve cells and is involved in liver function. It is highest in dairy foods and meat but it is possible to be obtained through a vegan diet. With regard to the ethics of eating meat, scholars consider vegetarianism an ideology and a social movement . Ethical reasons for choosing vegetarianism vary and are usually predicated on the interests of non-human animals . In many societies, controversies and debates have arisen over

1971-400: Is first cooked in water until its moisture content reaches about 50%. It is then tempered , allowing moisture to diffuse evenly into the grain. The grain then passes through a set of rollers with grooves in one side, yielding a web of shredded wheat strands. Many webs are stacked together, and this moist stack of strands is crimped at regular intervals to produce individual pieces of cereal with

2044-463: Is found in fungus (except alfalfa which is a plantae ) and created from viosterol , which in turn is created when ultraviolet light activates ergosterol (which is found in fungi and named as a sterol from ergot ). Any UV -irradiated fungus including yeast form vitamin D 2 . Human bioavailability of vitamin D 2 from vitamin D 2 -enhanced button mushrooms via UV-B irradiation is effective in improving vitamin D status and not different from

2117-649: Is in microgram amounts, deficiency of the vitamin through strict practice of a vegetarian diet without supplementation can increase the risk of several chronic diseases. Plant-based, or vegetarian, sources of Omega 3 fatty acids include soy , walnuts , pumpkin seeds, canola oil , kiwifruit , hempseed , algae , chia seed , flaxseed , echium seed and leafy vegetables such as lettuce, spinach , cabbage and purslane . Purslane contains more Omega 3 than any other known leafy green. Olives (and olive oil ) are another important plant source of unsaturated fatty acids. Plant foods can provide alpha-linolenic acid which

2190-485: Is known as a vegetarian . Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons. Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient animal life. Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs as well as animal rights advocacy. Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental , cultural, aesthetic , economic , taste-related , or relate to other personal preferences . There are many variations of

2263-480: Is most heavily advertised and marketed by Post Consumer Brands , which acquired the product in 1993 through its parent company, Kraft Foods , buying it from its long-time producer Nabisco . Kellogg's sells eight varieties of miniature, or bite-sized, shredded wheat cereal. Manufacturer Barbara's Bakery , a division of Weetabix Limited , also offers a version of plain shredded wheat. In the United Kingdom,

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2336-410: Is naturally found in foods of animal origin. Lacto-ovo vegetarians can obtain B 12 from dairy products and eggs, and vegans can obtain it from manufactured fortified foods (including plant-based products and breakfast cereals ) and dietary supplements. A strict vegan diet avoiding consumption of all animal products risks vitamin B 12 deficiency, which can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia ,

2409-518: Is not a sufficient cause. Another common view is that humans are morally conscious of their behavior in a way other animals are not, and therefore subject to higher standards. Jeff McMahan proposes that denying the right to life and humane treatment to animals with equal or greater cognitive abilities than mentally disabled humans is an arbitrary and discriminatory practice based on habit instead of logic. Opponents of ethical vegetarianism argue that animals are not moral equals to humans and so consider

2482-643: Is typically not specifically addressed. Some vegetarians also avoid products that may use animal ingredients not included in their labels or which use animal products in their manufacturing. For example, sugars that are whitened with bone char , cheeses that use animal rennet ( enzymes from animal stomach lining), gelatin (derived from the collagen inside animals' skin, bones, and connective tissue ), some cane sugar (but not beet sugar ) and beverages (such as apple juice and alcohol) clarified with gelatin or crushed shellfish and sturgeon , while other vegetarians are unaware of, or do not mind, such ingredients. In

2555-515: The Moesi tribe (who inhabited present-day Serbia and Bulgaria ), feeding themselves on honey, milk, and cheese. In Japan in 675, the Emperor Tenmu prohibited the killing and the eating of meat during the busy farming period between April and September but excluded the eating of wild birds and wild animals. These bans and several others that followed over the centuries were overturned in

2628-593: The Renaissance , becoming more widespread in the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1847, the first Vegetarian Society was founded in the United Kingdom; Germany, the Netherlands, and other countries followed. In 1886, the vegetarian colony Nueva Germania was founded in Paraguay , though its vegetarian aspect would prove short-lived. The International Vegetarian Union , an association of the national societies,

2701-682: The U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services In Western countries, the most common motive for people practicing vegetarianism is health consciousness. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has stated that at all stages of life, a properly planned vegetarian diet can be "healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases." Vegetarian diets offer lower levels of saturated fat , cholesterol and animal protein, and higher levels of carbohydrates, fibre , magnesium , potassium , folate , vitamins C and E , and phytochemicals . Studies have shown that

2774-552: The precept "not to kill" to require abstinence from meat, but not all. In Taiwan, su vegetarianism excludes not only all animal products but also vegetables in the allium family (which have the characteristic aroma of onion and garlic): onion, garlic, scallions, leeks, chives, or shallots. Various groups within Christianity have practiced specific dietary restrictions for various reasons. The Council of Jerusalem in around 50 AD, recommended Christians keep following some of

2847-657: The 21st century, 90% of rennet and chymosin used in cheesemaking are derived from industrial fermentation processes, which satisfy both kosher and halal requirements. Individuals sometimes label themselves "vegetarian" while practicing a semi-vegetarian diet, as some dictionary definitions describe vegetarianism as sometimes including the consumption of fish, or only include mammalian flesh as part of their definition of meat, while other definitions exclude fish and all animal flesh. In other cases, individuals may describe themselves as "flexitarian". These diets may be followed by those who reduce animal flesh consumed as

2920-588: The 9th century BCE, inculcating tolerance towards all living beings. Parshwanatha and Mahavira , the 23rd and 24th tirthankaras in Jainism , respectively, revived and advocated ahimsa and Jain vegetarianism between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE; the most comprehensive and strictest form of vegetarianism. In Indian culture, vegetarianism has been closely connected with the attitude of nonviolence towards animals (called ahimsa in India) for millennia and

2993-704: The Buffalo Avenue factory was sold. Despite being listed in the National Historic Register in 1974, the Buffalo Avenue plant was demolished in 1976. Production continued at the Rainbow Boulevard plant until it was closed in 2001 as production was consolidated on the Canadian side of the border. In 1920, Henry Perky's son, Scott Henry Perky, developed a round shredded wheat cereal, which he named Muffets. The Muffets Corporation

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3066-605: The Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity , vegetarianism practically disappeared from Europe, as it did elsewhere, except in India. Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them eschewed fish. Moreover, the medieval definition of "fish" included such animals as seals, porpoises , dolphins , barnacle geese , puffins , and beavers . Vegetarianism re-emerged during

3139-629: The Jewish food laws concerning meat. The early sect known as the Ebionites are considered to have practiced vegetarianism. Surviving fragments from their Gospel indicate their belief that – as Christ is the Passover sacrifice and eating the Passover lamb is no longer required – a vegetarian diet may (or should) be observed. However, orthodox Christianity does not accept their teaching as authentic. Indeed, their specific injunction to strict vegetarianism

3212-528: The Nabisco name until 1999, whereupon it was sold under the slogan "Nabisco brought to you by Post." Canadian production has been at Niagara Falls, Ontario , since 1904 due to nearby hydro-electric power. Shredded Wheat was also produced in Niagara Falls, New York, first at Nabisco's factory on Buffalo Avenue beginning in 1901. In 1954, a new plant on Rainbow Boulevard opened less than a mile away and

3285-455: The Nestlé brand. They have an annual turnover of about two billion US dollars, and a workforce of about 4,000 employees. The company is headquartered in Lausanne. Breakfast cereals produced by Cereal Partners include: This food and/or confectionery corporation or company-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Swiss corporation or company article is

3358-615: The Shredded Wheat brand is owned by Cereal Partners , a Nestlé / General Mills company, although there are many generic versions and variants by different names. It was first made in the United States in 1893, while UK production began in 1926. Henry Perky invented shredded wheat cereal in Denver, Colorado , in 1890, as well as founding the "Cereal Machine Company". In 1895, Perky received United States Patent Number 548,086, dated 15 October 1895. The biscuits proved more popular than

3431-427: The act of killing in general, and opposition to certain agricultural practices surrounding the production of meat. Ethical vegetarians believe that killing an animal, like killing a human, especially one who has equal or lesser cognitive abilities than the animals in question, can only be justified in extreme circumstances and that consuming a living creature for its enjoyable taste, convenience, or nutrition value

3504-421: The animal suffering or a premature death. To produce milk from dairy cattle , farmers separate calves from their mothers soon after birth to retain cow milk for human consumption. Ethical vegetarianism has become popular in developed countries particularly because of the spread of factory farming and environmental consciousness. Some believe that the current mass-demand for meat cannot be satisfied without

3577-511: The body. Though the calcium content per serving is lower in these vegetables than a glass of milk, the absorption of the calcium into the body is higher. Other foods that contain calcium include calcium-set tofu, blackstrap molasses, turnip greens , mustard greens, soybeans, tempeh, almonds, okra, dried figs, and tahini . Though calcium can be found in Spinach , swiss chard , beans and beet greens , they are generally not considered to be

3650-444: The comparison of eating livestock with killing people to be fallacious. This view does not excuse cruelty, but maintains that animals do not possess the rights a human has. One of the main differences between a vegan and a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet is the avoidance of both eggs and dairy products such as milk, cheese, butter and yogurt. Ethical vegans do not consume dairy or eggs because they state that their production causes

3723-404: The diet is properly planned. Lacto-ovo vegetarians that include dairy products can still obtain calcium from dairy sources like milk, yogurt, and cheese. Non-dairy milks that are fortified with calcium, such as soymilk and almond milk can also contribute a significant amount of calcium in the diet. Broccoli , bok choy , and kale have also been found to have calcium that is well absorbed in

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3796-519: The ethics of eating animals. Some people, while not vegetarians, refuse to eat the flesh of certain animals due to cultural taboo , such as cats, dogs, horses or rabbits. Others support meat eating for scientific, nutritional and cultural reasons, including religious ones. Some meat eaters abstain from the meat of animals reared in particular ways, such as factory farms , or avoid certain meats, such as veal or foie gras . Some people follow vegetarian or vegan diets not because of moral concerns involving

3869-810: The human body uses to synthesize the long-chain n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA . EPA and DHA can be obtained directly in high amounts from oily fish, fish oil, or algae oil. Vegetarians, and particularly vegans, have lower levels of EPA and DHA than meat-eaters. While the health effects of low levels of EPA and DHA are unknown, it is unlikely that supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid will significantly increase levels. . Significantly, for vegetarians, certain algae such as spirulina are good sources of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), stearidonic acid (SDA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA). Calcium intake in vegetarians and vegans can be similar to non-vegetarians, as long as

3942-557: The lyrics: The Three Shredded Wheat campaign, which came later, suggested that the cereal was so nourishing that it was impossible to eat three. Even a black hole was shown as exploding when the third biscuit was sucked into it. Phrases such as "I bet you can't eat three" and "He must have eaten three" were in common use as humorous remarks in the 1970s and 1980s, with celebrities such as Brian Clough , Peter Shilton , Richard Kiel and Ian Botham all 'unable' to eat three. A later UK poster advertisement for Carling Black Label showed

4015-612: The machines, so Perky moved East and opened his first bakery in Boston , Massachusetts , and then in Worcester, Massachusetts , in 1895, retaining the name of The Cereal Machine Company, and adding the name of the Shredded Wheat Company. Inspired by his observation of a dyspeptic diner blending wheat with cream, he developed a method of processing wheat into strips that were formed into pillow-like biscuits. The wheat

4088-509: The markets there are no butchers' shops and no dealers in intoxicating drink. In buying and selling commodities they use cowries. Only the Chandalas are fishermen and hunters, and sell flesh meat. — Faxian , Chinese pilgrim to India (4th/5th century CE), A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (translated by James Legge ) Among the Hellenes , Egyptians , and others, vegetarianism had medical or ritual purification purposes. Vegetarianism

4161-539: The next generation of the relevant species. On average, vegetarians consume a lower proportion of calories from fat (particularly saturated fatty acids), fewer overall calories, more fiber, potassium, and vitamin C, than do non-vegetarians. Vegetarians generally have a lower body mass index. These characteristics and other lifestyle factors associated with a vegetarian diet may contribute to the positive health outcomes that have been identified among vegetarians. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 – A report issued by

4234-642: The nineteenth century during the Meiji Restoration . In China, during the Song dynasty , Buddhist cuisine became popular enough that vegetarian restaurants appeared where chefs used ingredients such as beans , gluten , root vegetables and mushrooms to create meat analogues including pork, fowl, eggs and crab roe and many meat substitutes used even today such as tofu , seitan and konjac originate in Chinese Buddhist cuisine. Following

4307-408: The presence or absence of eggs and dairy products in the diet or other reliable B 12 sources, vegetarians may incur a nutritional deficiency . Packaged and processed foods may contain minor quantities of animal ingredients. While some vegetarians scrutinize product labels for such ingredients, others do not object to consuming them, or are unaware of their presence. The first written use of

4380-535: The product passed into the public domain along with that patent. Shredded wheat consists entirely of whole wheat . Two biscuits (47 g) contain 160 calories, 1 g of fat and 6 g of dietary fiber (12.8% by weight). Vegetarianism Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat ( red meat , poultry , seafood , insects , and the flesh of any other animal ). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter . A person who practices vegetarianism

4453-423: The raising or consumption of animals in general, but because of concerns about the specific treatment and practices involved in the processing of animals for food. Others still avoid meat out of concern that meat production places a greater burden on the environment than production of an equivalent amount of plant protein . Ethical objections based on consideration for animals are generally divided into opposition to

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4526-484: The site to Cereal Partners . Since 2007, all Shredded Wheat is made at Staverton , Wiltshire, and the Welwyn Garden City site was shut in 2008. The "Bitesize", "Fruitful" and "Honey Nut" Shredded Wheat variants are also made in the UK. Shredded Wheat has a particular place in UK popular culture due to a long-running television advertising campaign. The campaign in the 1970s featured Linda Hoyle , singing

4599-415: The size of the bite-sized pieces). Both smaller sizes ("Mini-Wheats" and "little bites") are available in a frosted variety , which has one side coated with sugar and usually gelatin . Some manufacturers have produced "filled" versions of the bite-size cereal containing a raisin at the center, or apricot, blueberry, raspberry, cherry, cranberry or golden syrup filling. In the United States, shredded wheat

4672-866: The strands attached at each end. These then go into an oven, where they are baked until their moisture content is reduced to 5%. Perky first sold his shredded wheat cereal to vegetarian restaurants in 1892, distributing it from a factory in Niagara Falls, New York . A health-oriented publication, The Chicago Vegetarian , recommended the use of shredded wheat biscuits as soup croutons. At the same time, Perky leased cereal-manufacturing machines to bakers in Denver and Colorado Springs through his Cereal Machine Company and sold wheat processors. One of his wheat-processor buyers, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg , admired Perky's manufacturing process for his shredded wheat cereal. Kellogg declined to purchase Perky's patent on it, however, considering it too weak in taste, "like eating

4745-584: The term "vegetarian" originated in the early 19th century, when authors referred to a vegetable regimen diet. Historically, 'vegetable' could be used to refer to any type of edible vegetation . Modern dictionaries explain its origin as a compound of vegetable ( adjective ) and the suffix -arian (in the sense of agrarian ). The term was popularized with the foundation of the Vegetarian Society in Manchester in 1847, although it may have appeared in print before 1847. The earliest occurrences of

4818-482: The term seem to be related to Alcott House —a school on the north side of Ham Common, London —which was opened in July 1838 by James Pierrepont Greaves . From 1841, it was known as A Concordium, or Industry Harmony College , and the institution then began to publish its own pamphlet, The Healthian . It provides some of the earliest appearances of the term "vegetarian". The earliest record of vegetarianism comes from

4891-434: The vegetarian diet: an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products , while a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet includes both. As the strictest of vegetarian diets, a vegan diet excludes all animal products , and can be accompanied by abstention from the use of animal-derived products, such as leather shoes. Vegetarian diets pose some difficulties. For vitamin B 12 , depending on

4964-627: Was also practiced in ancient Greece and the earliest reliable evidence for vegetarian theory and practice in Greece dates from the 6th century BCE. The Orphics , a religious movement spreading in Greece at that time, also practiced and promoted vegetarianism. Greek teacher Pythagoras , who promoted the altruistic doctrine of metempsychosis , may have practiced vegetarianism, but is also recorded as eating meat. A fictionalized portrayal of Pythagoras appears in Ovid 's Metamorphoses , in which he advocates

5037-448: Was desirable, except for people with a weak constitution or those that are sick. He stated that there are no requirements that Baháʼís become vegetarian, but that a future society should gradually become vegetarian. `Abdu'l-Bahá also stated that killing animals was contrary to compassion. While Shoghi Effendi , the head of the Bahá'í Faith in the first half of the 20th century, stated that

5110-482: Was founded in 1908. In the Western world, the popularity of vegetarianism grew during the 20th century as a result of nutritional, ethical, and—more recently—environmental and economic concerns. There are a number of vegetarian diets that exclude or include various foods: Within the " ovo- " groups, there are many who refuse to consume fertilized eggs (with balut being an extreme example); however, such distinction

5183-478: Was promoted by religious groups and philosophers. The Ācārāṅga Sūtra from 5th century BCE advocates Jain-vegetarianism; and forbids the monks from walking on grass in order to avoid inflicting pain on them and prevent small insects dwelling inside from getting killed. The ancient Indian work of the Tirukkuṟaḷ , dated before the 5th century CE, explicitly and unambiguously emphasizes shunning meat and non-killing as

5256-592: Was sold to the Quaker Oats Company in 1927. The cereal is still marketed in Canada as Muffets, but in the U.S. is now sold as Quaker Shredded Wheat. The original company opened a factory in Welwyn Garden City , Hertfordshire, in 1926 at which time Welgar was its registered trade mark, which became part of Nabisco in 1928. The tall concrete cereal silos that formed part of the factory are

5329-455: Was then manufactured by The Natural Food Company in Niagara Falls, New York , in 1901. It became the Shredded Wheat Company in 1904. It was bought by Nabisco (National Biscuit Company) in December 1928. United States production of Shredded Wheat moved to Naperville, Illinois , in 1954, where it is still made. In 1993, Nabisco sold the brand to Kraft General Foods , but it was still under

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