The Chudov Monastery ( Russian : Чу́дов монасты́рь , romanized : Chúdov monastýr' ; more formally known as Alexius’ Archangel Michael Monastery ) was founded in the Moscow Kremlin in 1358 by Metropolitan Alexius of Moscow . The monastery was dedicated to the miracle ( chudo in Russian) of the Archangel Michael at Chonae ( feast day : September 19 [ O.S. September 6]). The Monastery was closed in 1918 and dismantled in 1929 by the Soviet government.
26-542: Chudov (Russian: Чудов , from чудо meaning miracle ) or Chudova may refer to Chudov Monastery in Moscow Chudova , a river in Perm Krai, Russia Chudov (surname) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Chudov . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
52-907: A book, seems to have been inspired by Tolstoi 's War and Peace , and was painted in 1893 in Moscow , where the artist eventually settled. Vereshchagin was in the Far East during the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895, and was with the Russian troops in Manchuria during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900. In 1901, he visited the Philippines , in 1902 the United States and Cuba , and in 1903, Japan . During
78-593: A real event. In fact, Vereshchagin's work did show a more contemporary though lesser known execution; in 1872 Deputy-Commissioner J. L. Cowan ordered the execution of a group of Namdhari Sikhs at the parade grounds in Malerkotla by blowing from guns. In 1887, Vereshchagin defended himself in The Magazine of Art by saying that if there were another rebellion then the British would use this method again. By
104-757: Is set at the monastery. In 2007 Orthodox public figure Vitaly Vladimirovich Averyanov in an interview with the Youth Internet Journal of the Moscow State University , Tatiana Day , explained the possible restoration of the Chudov Monastery and the Passion Monastery . On 31 July 2014, president Vladimir Putin suggested restoring the Chudov Monastery and the Ascension Convent : "As you know,
130-661: The Bolshevik Revolution , the Chudov Monastery was closed down in 1918. All of its structures demolished in 1929, as part of the Soviet Union 's ongoing policy of state atheism . On the site of the destroyed Chudov Monastery and the nearby Ascension Convent the Soviet government built the Red Commanders School. All of the monastery’s manuscripts of the 11th-18th centuries were transferred to
156-682: The Imperial Russian Army . He was present at the crossing of the Shipka Pass and at the siege of Plevna (1877), where his brother was killed. He was dangerously wounded during the preparations for the crossing of the Danube near Rustchuk . At the conclusion of the war, he acted as secretary to General Skobelev at San Stefano . After the war, Vereshchagin settled in Munich , where he produced his war pictures so rapidly that he
182-612: The Ottoman provinces of Syria and Palestine in 1884 furnished him with an equally discussed set of subjects from the New Testament . Vereshchagin's paintings caused controversy over his portrayal of the figure of Christ with what was thought at the time to be an unseemly realism. His depiction of Jesus's features was thought to be excessively vulgar and over-emphatically Semitic in ethnicity. The 1812 series on Napoleon 's Russian campaign , on which Vereshchagin also wrote
208-752: The Paris Salon of 1866, Vereshchagin exhibited a drawing of Dukhobors chanting their Psalms . In the next year, he was invited to accompany General Konstantin Petrovich Kaufman 's expedition in Central Asia and Turkestan . He was granted the rank of ensign. His heroism at the siege of Samarkand from 2–8 June 1868 resulted an award of the Cross of St. George (4th Class). He was an indefatigable traveller, returning to St. Petersburg in late 1868, to Paris in 1869, back to St. Petersburg later in
234-763: The State Historical Museum . The relics of Metropolitan Alexius were first moved from the Church of St. Alexius (which he had built) to the Cathedral of the Dormition and then to another church in Moscow. Of the hundred or so other interments in the monastery (including Archbishop Gennady), their remains were lost and their whereabouts are still unknown. A scene in Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov
260-591: The frigate Kamchatka , which sailed to Denmark , France , and Egypt . Vereshchagin graduated first in his list at the naval school, but left the service immediately to begin the study of drawing in earnest. Two years later, in 1863, he won a medal from the Imperial Academy of Arts for his Ulysses Slaying the Suitors . In 1864, he proceeded to Paris , where he studied under Jean-Léon Gérôme , though he dissented widely from his master's methods. In
286-621: The Chudov Monastery was the biggest center of the Muscovite book culture and learning. Prominent monks of the monastery, who dedicated their lives to translating and correcting ecclesiastic books, include Maximus the Greek , Yepifany Slavinetsky and Karion Istomin . Gennady , who as Archbishop of Novgorod , patronized the first complete codex of the Bible in Slavic in 1499, was hegumen of
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#1732783649730312-672: The Church of St Alexius the Metropolitan and the Church of the Annunciation (both built in 1680) and the Church of Saint Andrew (1887). During the French invasion of Russia (1812), the French Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout commandeered the monastery for his own use. A painting by Vasily Vereshchagin shows Davout desecrating the cathedral, using the sanctuary itself as his office. Following
338-761: The Prince of Wales into Jaipur in 1876 is at 196 in × 274 in believed to be the second-largest oil painting in the world. He traveled again to India in 1882–1883. He aroused much controversy by his series of three pictures: firstly, of a Roman execution (the Crucifixion by the Romans (1887) ); secondly, Blowing from Guns in British India ; and, thirdly, of the execution of Nihilists in St Petersburg. When Blowing from Guns in British India
364-434: The building that occupies this site [Building 14] was built in the 1930s, but previously there were two cloisters and a church here... That is how the idea came up of rather than restoring the 1930s building, returning the site to its historical appearance instead, with the two cloisters and the church. In today's situation of course, they would be restored as cultural heritage monuments only." However, no plans exist to restore
390-602: The late 19th century, Vereshchagin had gained popularity, not only in Russia, but also abroad and his name never left the pages of the European and American press. From his earliest works, unlike most contemporary battle pieces depicting war as a kind of parade, Vereshchagin graphically depicted the horrors of war. "I loved the sun all my life, and wanted to paint sunshine. When I happened to see warfare and say what I thought about it, I rejoiced that I would be able to devote myself to
416-470: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chudov&oldid=1256338057 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Russian-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Chudov Monastery The construction of
442-534: The monasteries as of 2024. 55°45′8″N 37°37′8″E / 55.75222°N 37.61889°E / 55.75222; 37.61889 Vasily Vereshchagin Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin ( Russian : Василий Васильевич Верещагин ; 26 October 1842 – 13 April 1904) was a Russian painter , war artist , and traveller. The graphic nature of his realist scenes led to many of them never being printed or exhibited to
468-605: The monastery prior to his archiepiscopate. Patriarch Hermogenes was starved to death by the Poles in the monastery vaults in 1612. The Time of Troubles over, they opened the Greek-Latin School with support from Patriarch Filaret . In 1744–1833, the cloister accommodated the Moscow Ecclesiastic Consistory . As time went by, new churches were added to the monastery complex. These included
494-597: The monastery together with its katholikon ( cathedral ) was finished in 1365. The katholikon was replaced with a new one in 1431 and then once again in 1501–1503. It was traditionally used for baptising the royal children, including future Tsars Feodor I , Aleksey I and Peter the Great . The monastery’s hegumen ( abbot ) was considered the first among the hegumens of all the Russian monasteries until 1561. Alongside Simonov Monastery and Trinity–St. Sergius Lavra ,
520-675: The picture of a dying soldier deserted by his fellows, were denied a showing on the grounds that they portrayed the Russian military in a poor light. In late 1874, Vereshchagin departed in Northern and Eastern Asia for an extensive tour of the Himalayas , British India , Mongolia , and Tibet , spending over two years in travel. He returned to Paris in late 1876. With the start of the Second Russo-Turkish War , Vereshchagin left Paris and returned to active service with
546-594: The public. Vereshchagin was born at Cherepovets , Novgorod Governorate , Russia , in 1842 as the middle of three brothers. His father was a landowner of noble birth, while his mother was of common origin and had Tatar roots. When he was eight years old, he was sent to Tsarskoe Selo to enter the Alexander Cadet Corps. Three years later, he entered the Naval Cadet Corps at St. Petersburg , making his first voyage in 1858. He served on
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#1732783649730572-561: The same. He also declined the artist's offer to let Austrian officers see his pictures free of charge at the 1881 exhibition in Vienna. In Russia, a ban on exhibitions of Vereshchagin's work was also enforced, as well as a ban on reproductions of them in books and periodicals amidst accusations of slandering the Russian army. The artist took these unjust accusations badly and burned three of his paintings, The Forgotten Soldier , They Have Encircled , and Pursue and They Entered . A journey to
598-569: The sun once again. But the fury of war continued to pursue me". Vereshchagin wrote. One day, in 1882, Vereshchagin's exhibition in Berlin was visited by German field marshal Helmuth von Moltke the Elder . Vereshchagin brought Moltke to his painting The Apotheosis of War . The picture evoked a sort of confusion in the field marshal. After his visit to the exhibition, Moltke issued an order forbidding German soldiers to visit it. The Austrian war minister did
624-667: The year, and then back to Turkestan via Siberia at the end of 1869. In 1871, Vereshchagin established an atelier in Munich , German Empire . He gave a solo exhibition of his works (later referred to as his " Turkestan Series ") at the Crystal Palace in London , United Kingdom in 1873. He gave another exhibition of his works in St. Petersburg in 1874, where two of his paintings, namely, The Apotheosis of War , dedicated "to all conquerors, past, present and to come," and Left Behind ,
650-582: Was first exhibited, many in America and Britain believed that it depicted executions of sepoys carried out by tying victims to the barrels of guns . Vereshchagin's detractors argued that such executions had only occurred in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , but the painting depicted modern soldiers of the 1880s, implying that the practice was then current. Because of its photographic style, the painting appeared to present itself as an impartial record of
676-632: Was freely accused of employing assistants. The sensational subjects of his pictures, and their didactic aim, namely, the promotion of peace by a representation of the horrors of war, attracted a large section of the public not usually interested in art to the series of exhibitions of his pictures in Paris in 1881, and subsequently in London , Berlin , Dresden , Vienna , and other cities. Vereshchagin painted several scenes of imperial rule in British India . His epic portrayal of The State Procession of
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