67-883: The Churchill Archives Centre ( CAC ) at Churchill College at the University of Cambridge is one of the largest repositories in the United Kingdom for the preservation and study of modern personal papers. It is best known for housing the papers of former British prime minister Winston Churchill . In addition to housing the personal papers of Churchill, the centre also houses the private papers of other notable figures, including former British prime minister Baroness Thatcher , Ernest Bevin , Enoch Powell , Lord Kinnock , Sir John Colville , Lord Hankey , Admiral Lord Fisher , Field Marshal Lord Slim , Sir John Cockcroft , Sir James Chadwick , Professor Lise Meitner , Rosalind Franklin , and Sir Frank Whittle . The college as
134-542: A British context. There are letters, photographs, diaries and scrapbooks from families, public figures and the general public. The collections at the Churchill Archives Centre include speeches, memoranda, reports, minutes, letters, postcards, diaries, appointment books, telegrams and memoirs, diagrams, maps, sketches and doodles, audio and video recordings, and photographs. The Archives Centre attempts to preserve these whilst rendering them accessible to
201-458: A central building consisting of the dining hall, buttery, combination rooms and offices. The dining hall is the largest in Cambridge. It measures 22m square, 9m to the base of the vault beams, and 11.6m to the highest point. It can cater for up to 430 guests in a formal dining arrangement. The main college buildings and courtyards are arranged around a large central space, in which the library
268-401: A central building consisting of the dining hall, buttery, combination rooms and offices. The dining hall is the largest in Cambridge. It measures 22m square, 9m to the base of the vault beams, and 11.6m to the highest point. It can cater for up to 430 guests in a formal dining arrangement. The main college buildings and courtyards are arranged around a large central space, in which the library
335-704: A problem. Crick, in short order, replied with a letter dated 12 October 1961 accompanied by a cheque for 10 guineas saying that, if that were the case, the enclosed money should be used for the establishment of a brothel . This story was repeated by Crick in an interview with Matt Ridley (Crick's biographer ), quotes from which are reported in The Daily Telegraph . The college contains many examples of modern artwork including: There are also works by Sir Eduardo Paolozzi , Bridget Riley , Patrick Caulfield , Sir Peter Blake , and Daphne Hardy Henrion . Hepworth's Four-Square (Walk Through) stands at
402-635: A problem. Crick, in short order, replied with a letter dated 12 October 1961 accompanied by a cheque for 10 guineas saying that, if that were the case, the enclosed money should be used for the establishment of a brothel . This story was repeated by Crick in an interview with Matt Ridley (Crick's biographer ), quotes from which are reported in The Daily Telegraph . The college contains many examples of modern artwork including: There are also works by Sir Eduardo Paolozzi , Bridget Riley , Patrick Caulfield , Sir Peter Blake , and Daphne Hardy Henrion . Hepworth's Four-Square (Walk Through) stands at
469-719: A reputation for relative informality compared with other Cambridge colleges, and traditionally admits a larger proportion of its undergraduates from state schools. The college motto is "Forward", which was taken from the final phrase of Winston Churchill's first speech to the House of Commons as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , known as the " blood, toil, tears and sweat " speech in which Churchill said, "Come, then, let us go forward together". In 1955, on holiday in Sicily soon after his resignation as prime minister, Winston Churchill discussed with Sir John Colville and Lord Cherwell
536-616: A reputation for relative informality compared with other Cambridge colleges, and traditionally admits a larger proportion of its undergraduates from state schools. The college motto is "Forward", which was taken from the final phrase of Winston Churchill's first speech to the House of Commons as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , known as the " blood, toil, tears and sweat " speech in which Churchill said, "Come, then, let us go forward together". In 1955, on holiday in Sicily soon after his resignation as prime minister, Winston Churchill discussed with Sir John Colville and Lord Cherwell
603-418: A safe, non-acidic environment. Sturdy boxes are used to further shield files from light, dust, and disaster. To maintain the physical integrity of the archives, all staff, visitors and readers are instructed on their correct handling, and the exhibition of original material is strictly controlled. Churchill College began to collect papers in 1965, beginning with those of Clement Attlee . The Archives Centre
670-516: A small proportion of the papers are significantly damaged, but they need attention to make them usable. Many need intervention to render them chemically stable for long-term preservation. Sometimes the damage is extremely disfiguring and dramatic. Conservation staff at the Centre undertake the following treatments to conserve damaged archive material: Key to preserving the archives is the specially equipped storage facility or strongroom, which features
737-438: A sophisticated fire detection system and suppresses fire using a mixture of inert Inergen gases. The strongroom is monitored for insect pests and provides a stable, cool, and relatively dry environment with clean, filtered air. The archives themselves are stored in protective packages made from high-quality, acid-free (alkaline buffered) paper and card, and sometimes inert polyester film. This provides both physical protection and
SECTION 10
#1732776813385804-535: A strong interest in the arts and humanities . In 1958, a trust was established with Sir Winston Churchill as its chairman of trustees, to build and endow a college for 60 fellows and 540 students as a national and Commonwealth memorial to Winston Churchill; its Royal Charter and Statutes were approved by the Queen Elizabeth II , in August 1960. It is situated on the outskirts of Cambridge , away from
871-768: A student-run bar known as the Vicious Penguin. The MCR organises a range of activities including an annual conference, the Conference on Everything, and hosts termly Guest Nights. The Conference on Everything gives students an opportunity to present their own research as well as featuring talks from distinguished speakers including Salah Al-Shaikhly , the Iraqi ambassador to the United Kingdom; Michael Green , Lucasian Professor and pioneer of string theory ; Julian Huppert , scientist and Member of Parliament (MP) for Cambridge; David Spiegelhalter , Winton Professor of
938-593: A student-run bar known as the Vicious Penguin. The MCR organises a range of activities including an annual conference, the Conference on Everything, and hosts termly Guest Nights. The Conference on Everything gives students an opportunity to present their own research as well as featuring talks from distinguished speakers including Salah Al-Shaikhly , the Iraqi ambassador to the United Kingdom; Michael Green , Lucasian Professor and pioneer of string theory ; Julian Huppert , scientist and Member of Parliament (MP) for Cambridge; David Spiegelhalter , Winton Professor of
1005-521: A team of five archivists five years to complete. It was finished at the end of 2000 and was made available online 12 months later. More recently, the Churchill Papers have been digitised. The Centre continued to collect personal papers from other figures from the fields of politics, the military, diplomacy, technology and science. By the end of the 20th century it was running out of storage space. In 1997, when Margaret Thatcher gave her papers to
1072-404: A trust was established with Sir Winston Churchill as its chairman of trustees, to build and endow a college for 60 fellows and 540 students as a national and Commonwealth memorial to Winston Churchill; its Royal Charter and Statutes were approved by the Queen Elizabeth II , in August 1960. It is situated on the outskirts of Cambridge , away from the traditional centre of the city, but close to
1139-677: A whole is the national and Commonwealth memorial to Winston Churchill and the Archive Centre has been awarded designated status by the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council . Since 2015 the Churchill archive has been on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register . The centre is open to the public. Its mission is to preserve the collections in its care for future generations and make them as accessible as possible. Although it
1206-516: A year-long programme looking critically at its founder. However in June 2021, the programme was abruptly terminated following a dispute with the college’s leadership. In 1958, a 42-acre (170,000 m ) site was purchased to the west of the city centre, which had previously been farmland. After a competition, Richard Sheppard was appointed to design the new college. Building was completed by 1968 with nine main residential courts, separate graduate flats and
1273-465: A year-long programme looking critically at its founder. However in June 2021, the programme was abruptly terminated following a dispute with the college’s leadership. In 1958, a 42-acre (170,000 m ) site was purchased to the west of the city centre, which had previously been farmland. After a competition, Richard Sheppard was appointed to design the new college. Building was completed by 1968 with nine main residential courts, separate graduate flats and
1340-483: Is Sir Winston Churchill who give the Archives Centre its name, this institution houses nearly 600 collections containing records of the lives of soldiers, sailors, airmen, journalists, reformers and activists, public servants, diplomats, physicists, chemists, biologists and their families. The wide range of the collections allows the exploration of a similarly wide range of subjects. For example, most aspects of
1407-824: Is now located next to the chapel at the far end of the college. Sir Anthony Caro 's Forum used to stand near the front gate of the college but it was removed in 2004 and replaced in 2007 by Lynn Chadwick 's Beast Alerted 1 . The student population is divided into two common rooms : the Junior Common Room (JCR) and Middle Common Room (MCR). The former contains undergraduates and the latter postgraduates (known as advanced students ). Fourth year undergraduates studying towards their Masters may choose to be in either. These student bodies organise various academic and social events as well as handling issues regarding welfare. The college funds sports clubs and societies which provide entertainment for students. Every two weeks of
SECTION 20
#17327768133851474-755: Is now located next to the chapel at the far end of the college. Sir Anthony Caro 's Forum used to stand near the front gate of the college but it was removed in 2004 and replaced in 2007 by Lynn Chadwick 's Beast Alerted 1 . The student population is divided into two common rooms : the Junior Common Room (JCR) and Middle Common Room (MCR). The former contains undergraduates and the latter postgraduates (known as advanced students ). Fourth year undergraduates studying towards their Masters may choose to be in either. These student bodies organise various academic and social events as well as handling issues regarding welfare. The college funds sports clubs and societies which provide entertainment for students. Every two weeks of
1541-675: Is possible to switch to these subjects later). The first postgraduate students arrived in October 1960, and the first undergraduates a year later. Full college status was received in 1966. Following the Labour government's Representation of the People Act 1969 , which reduced the voting age to 18 years, under the guidance of professor Dick Tizard , in 1970 Churchill's student union, the Junior Common Room (JCR), inspired by
1608-440: Is possible to switch to these subjects later). The first postgraduate students arrived in October 1960, and the first undergraduates a year later. Full college status was received in 1966. Following the Labour government's Representation of the People Act 1969 , which reduced the voting age to 18 years, under the guidance of professor Dick Tizard , in 1970 Churchill's student union, the Junior Common Room (JCR), inspired by
1675-450: Is usually made by a senior student once the fellows have left. This latter tradition started in the early 2000s with the students customarily toasting in the reverse order: "Sir Winston", followed by " The Queen ". The Mastership of Churchill College is a Crown appointment. To date the college has had eight masters: The appointment of microbiologist Professor Sharon Peacock CBE FMedSci MRCP as 8th Master, with effect from October 2024,
1742-450: Is usually made by a senior student once the fellows have left. This latter tradition started in the early 2000s with the students customarily toasting in the reverse order: "Sir Winston", followed by " The Queen ". The Mastership of Churchill College is a Crown appointment. To date the college has had eight masters: The appointment of microbiologist Professor Sharon Peacock CBE FMedSci MRCP as 8th Master, with effect from October 2024,
1809-665: The Second World War can be traced there, and records relating to the birth (with Churchill’s so-called Iron Curtain Speech) and death of the Cold War are stored in CAC archival boxes. The CAC provides a valuable resource for the study of military , political and diplomatic history , and international relations , social and cultural history and the history of colonialism , labour , science , and women , particularly in
1876-645: The worldwide student democracy movement , led the National Union of Students (NUS) in taking the Cambridge Town Clerk to the High Court to overturn a 19th-century precedent that won students the right to vote in their university towns. Initially all students were male. Women were accepted as undergraduates in 1972, one of the first three previously all-male colleges to do so. The bias towards science and engineering remains as policy to
1943-452: The worldwide student democracy movement , led the National Union of Students (NUS) in taking the Cambridge Town Clerk to the High Court to overturn a 19th-century precedent that won students the right to vote in their university towns. Initially all students were male. Women were accepted as undergraduates in 1972, one of the first three previously all-male colleges to do so. The bias towards science and engineering remains as policy to
2010-654: The Cambridge May Bumping Races ). In 2015, Churchill College Boat Club made history by being the first boat club at the university to win both the Pegasus Cup and Marconi Cup (This award is present to the most successful college boat club in the Lent Bumps) in the same year. Churchill is a relatively young college, and prides itself on being modern and forward looking. It has relatively few traditions. Informal hall (cafeteria-style dining period)
2077-454: The Cambridge May Bumping Races ). In 2015, Churchill College Boat Club made history by being the first boat club at the university to win both the Pegasus Cup and Marconi Cup (This award is present to the most successful college boat club in the Lent Bumps) in the same year. Churchill is a relatively young college, and prides itself on being modern and forward looking. It has relatively few traditions. Informal hall (cafeteria-style dining period)
Churchill Archives Centre - Misplaced Pages Continue
2144-593: The Cambridge-based Janus webserver. The Directors of the Archives Centre have been as follows: To learn more about the history of Churchill Archives Centre, see an online exhibition published to mark the 50th Anniversary of the Centre. Churchill College, Cambridge Churchill College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge , England. It has a primary focus on science, engineering and technology, but retains
2211-495: The Centre, funding was raised to build a new wing to house them and to enable the Centre to continue adding to its collections in the 21st century. The Archives Centre has collaborated with organisations around the world on projects and exhibitions about Winston Churchill. A joint exhibition was held with the Library of Congress . In 2006, catalogues to all the collections except those of Churchill and Thatcher were made available on
2278-482: The College grounds, a short distance from the main buildings. The college's central buildings and chapel were Grade II listed in 1993. At the farthest end of the college grounds is the chapel. Sheppard's original design placed it within the main building complex near the college main entrance. The idea of having a religious building within a modern, scientifically-oriented academic institution deeply annoyed some of
2345-427: The College grounds, a short distance from the main buildings. The college's central buildings and chapel were Grade II listed in 1993. At the farthest end of the college grounds is the chapel. Sheppard's original design placed it within the main building complex near the college main entrance. The idea of having a religious building within a modern, scientifically-oriented academic institution deeply annoyed some of
2412-535: The College run Churchill Casino, a Cambridge-based enterprise which provides professional casinos at various social events. Churchill Casino is frequently hired for Cambridge May Balls as well as balls at the University of Oxford and corporate events throughout the country. Profits have been donated back towards the college and to local charities. The MCR has its own reserved area, the Sandy Ashmore Room, where students may socialise. This incorporates
2479-467: The College run Churchill Casino, a Cambridge-based enterprise which provides professional casinos at various social events. Churchill Casino is frequently hired for Cambridge May Balls as well as balls at the University of Oxford and corporate events throughout the country. Profits have been donated back towards the college and to local charities. The MCR has its own reserved area, the Sandy Ashmore Room, where students may socialise. This incorporates
2546-566: The Michaelmas and Lent terms, and twice in Easter term, Churchill is host to Pav, a music event unusual for Cambridge events in that it is free and open to all university members. The name Pav originates from the pavilion buildings of the college where the event was originally held. Since 1992, Pav has been held in the Buttery, the main bar area. In the early years of the college's foundation,
2613-399: The Michaelmas and Lent terms, and twice in Easter term, Churchill is host to Pav, a music event unusual for Cambridge events in that it is free and open to all university members. The name Pav originates from the pavilion buildings of the college where the event was originally held. Since 1992, Pav has been held in the Buttery, the main bar area. In the early years of the college's foundation,
2680-536: The Møller Centre for Continuing Education was built on the Churchill site, designed by Henning Larsen . It is a dedicated residential executive training and conference centre, aiming to bring together education and commerce. As well as the main College buildings, Sheppard designed a separate group of flats, known as the Sheppard flats, for the use of married graduate students. These are located to one side of
2747-417: The Møller Centre for Continuing Education was built on the Churchill site, designed by Henning Larsen . It is a dedicated residential executive training and conference centre, aiming to bring together education and commerce. As well as the main College buildings, Sheppard designed a separate group of flats, known as the Sheppard flats, for the use of married graduate students. These are located to one side of
Churchill Archives Centre - Misplaced Pages Continue
2814-582: The Public Understanding of Risk , and Nicholas Bingham , Senior Investigator at Imperial College London and Visiting Professor of Mathematics at the London School of Economics . With playing fields on site, unlike many other colleges, sport is an integral part of the college. As well as football pitches, a cricket pitch and others, the facilities include a gym, and tennis and squash courts. Churchill College Football Club (CCFC) were
2881-448: The Public Understanding of Risk , and Nicholas Bingham , Senior Investigator at Imperial College London and Visiting Professor of Mathematics at the London School of Economics . With playing fields on site, unlike many other colleges, sport is an integral part of the college. As well as football pitches, a cricket pitch and others, the facilities include a gym, and tennis and squash courts. Churchill College Football Club (CCFC) were
2948-519: The University's main new development zone (which now houses the Centre for Mathematical Sciences ). It has 16 hectares (40 acres) of grounds, the largest area of the Cambridge colleges. Churchill was the first formerly all-male college to decide to admit women, and was among three men's colleges to admit its first women students in 1972. Within 15 years all others had followed suit. The college has
3015-466: The West Door, the west exit of the main college complex. In 1968, it replaced an earlier Hepworth sculpture, Squares with Two Circles (BH 347) which had been sold to a private collector. Two sculptures by Nigel Hall stand in front of the main gate of the college: The Now (1999) and Southern Shade I (2010). Mistry's Diagram of an Object (Second state) used to be found at the front of college, but
3082-409: The West Door, the west exit of the main college complex. In 1968, it replaced an earlier Hepworth sculpture, Squares with Two Circles (BH 347) which had been sold to a private collector. Two sculptures by Nigel Hall stand in front of the main gate of the college: The Now (1999) and Southern Shade I (2010). Mistry's Diagram of an Object (Second state) used to be found at the front of college, but
3149-526: The centre, an Access Portal was introduced providing online access to some of the collections. A core policy of the Centre is to preserve archival material as far as possible for the use of present and future generations, recognising that some collections are used very heavily and others contain badly damaged items. Although most of the archive material is in the form of loose papers, it also includes large photograph albums, posters and plans, cine film, and artifacts such as one of Margaret Thatcher’s handbags. Only
3216-516: The college held a ball in May Week , in common with many older colleges. However, more recently Churchill has held a Spring Ball every February, close to Valentine's Day . The Ball has hosted a number of upcoming bands, such as The Wombats (2007) and The Noisettes (2008). During May Week the JCR organise a free garden party . The event hosts performances from local bands and musicians. Students of
3283-412: The college held a ball in May Week , in common with many older colleges. However, more recently Churchill has held a Spring Ball every February, close to Valentine's Day . The Ball has hosted a number of upcoming bands, such as The Wombats (2007) and The Noisettes (2008). During May Week the JCR organise a free garden party . The event hosts performances from local bands and musicians. Students of
3350-454: The current day, with the statutes requiring approximately 70% science and technology students amongst its student intake each year. The college statutes also stipulate that one third of the students of the college should be studying for postgraduate qualification. Cambridge University Radio (later Cam FM ) broadcast from Churchill College from 1979 until 2011. On 27 October 2020, the college launched Churchill, Empire and Race , intended as
3417-454: The current day, with the statutes requiring approximately 70% science and technology students amongst its student intake each year. The college statutes also stipulate that one third of the students of the college should be studying for postgraduate qualification. Cambridge University Radio (later Cam FM ) broadcast from Churchill College from 1979 until 2011. On 27 October 2020, the college launched Churchill, Empire and Race , intended as
SECTION 50
#17327768133853484-578: The first college team to retain the Cambridge University Amateur Football League Division 1 title, winning it in 2005–06 and 2006–07. In the 2006–2007 season they also reached the final of Cuppers . The college also has a successful boat club ( Churchill College Boat Club ) which in 2013 won the Pegasus Cup (This trophy is awarded annually to the most successful college boat club competing in
3551-403: The first college team to retain the Cambridge University Amateur Football League Division 1 title, winning it in 2005–06 and 2006–07. In the 2006–2007 season they also reached the final of Cuppers . The college also has a successful boat club ( Churchill College Boat Club ) which in 2013 won the Pegasus Cup (This trophy is awarded annually to the most successful college boat club competing in
3618-414: The missing chapel tower. Crick had agreed to become a fellow on the basis that no chapel be placed at Churchill. A donation was later made by Lord Beaumont of Whitley to Churchill College for the establishment of one, and the majority of fellows voted in favour of it. Sir Winston Churchill wrote to him saying that no-one need enter the chapel unless they wished to do so, and therefore it did not need to be
3685-414: The missing chapel tower. Crick had agreed to become a fellow on the basis that no chapel be placed at Churchill. A donation was later made by Lord Beaumont of Whitley to Churchill College for the establishment of one, and the majority of fellows voted in favour of it. Sir Winston Churchill wrote to him saying that no-one need enter the chapel unless they wished to do so, and therefore it did not need to be
3752-541: The original fellows, leading to the resignation of Nobel Prize winner Francis Crick in protest. Eventually a compromise was found: the chapel was sited just to the west of the Sheppard Flats, and funded and managed separately from the rest of the College itself, being tactfully referred to as "the Chapel at Churchill College". The chimney of the heating system at the front of the college substitutes visually for
3819-424: The original fellows, leading to the resignation of Nobel Prize winner Francis Crick in protest. Eventually a compromise was found: the chapel was sited just to the west of the Sheppard Flats, and funded and managed separately from the rest of the College itself, being tactfully referred to as "the Chapel at Churchill College". The chimney of the heating system at the front of the college substitutes visually for
3886-620: The possibility of founding a new institution. Churchill had been impressed by the United States ' Massachusetts Institute of Technology and wanted a British version, but the plans evolved into the more modest proposal of creating a science and technology-based college within the University of Cambridge . Churchill wanted a mix of non-scientists to ensure a well-rounded education and environment for scholars and fellows. The college therefore admits students to read all subjects except land economy and theology & religious studies (though it
3953-558: The possibility of founding a new institution. Churchill had been impressed by the United States ' Massachusetts Institute of Technology and wanted a British version, but the plans evolved into the more modest proposal of creating a science and technology-based college within the University of Cambridge . Churchill wanted a mix of non-scientists to ensure a well-rounded education and environment for scholars and fellows. The college therefore admits students to read all subjects except land economy and theology & religious studies (though it
4020-461: The public. Among the figures, events and broader topics included in CAC's holdings are: The Churchill Archives Centre is open to the public, though appointments must be made in advance to guarantee a place in the Reading Room. The aim of the Centre is to open up as much material for research as possible, but there may be closures for conservation or other reasons. In 2023, to mark 50 years of
4087-457: The traditional centre of the city, but close to the University's main new development zone (which now houses the Centre for Mathematical Sciences ). It has 16 hectares (40 acres) of grounds, the largest area of the Cambridge colleges. Churchill was the first formerly all-male college to decide to admit women, and was among three men's colleges to admit its first women students in 1972. Within 15 years all others had followed suit. The college has
SECTION 60
#17327768133854154-427: Was announced in October 2023. See also Category:Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge See also Category:Alumni of Churchill College, Cambridge Churchill College Churchill College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge , England. It has a primary focus on science, engineering and technology, but retains a strong interest in the arts and humanities . In 1958,
4221-464: Was introduced in 1971, as an alternative to formal hall (fixed time, waiter service, all diners wearing gowns), but students are no longer required to wear gowns at formal halls, with exception of certain college feasts. In special formal meals such as Matriculation Dinner or Scholars' Feast the Master usually raises a toast, first to " The King " and then to "Sir Winston". In other formal halls this
4288-411: Was introduced in 1971, as an alternative to formal hall (fixed time, waiter service, all diners wearing gowns), but students are no longer required to wear gowns at formal halls, with exception of certain college feasts. In special formal meals such as Matriculation Dinner or Scholars' Feast the Master usually raises a toast, first to " The King " and then to "Sir Winston". In other formal halls this
4355-636: Was placed. Only a few years later, being opened in 1974, an extension to the library building was added to house the Churchill Archives Centre. Its original purpose was to provide a home to Sir Winston's papers, however since then it has been endowed with papers from other political figures including former Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major , as well as former Leader of the Opposition Neil Kinnock , and those of eminent scientists and engineers including Reginald Victor Jones , Rosalind Franklin and Sir Frank Whittle . In 1992,
4422-560: Was placed. Only a few years later, being opened in 1974, an extension to the library building was added to house the Churchill Archives Centre. Its original purpose was to provide a home to Sir Winston's papers, however since then it has been endowed with papers from other political figures including former Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major , as well as former Leader of the Opposition Neil Kinnock , and those of eminent scientists and engineers including Reginald Victor Jones , Rosalind Franklin and Sir Frank Whittle . In 1992,
4489-503: Was purpose-built in 1973 to house the papers of Winston Churchill . His papers relating to his life after 1945 were given to the college by his wife , but those concerning his life before 1945 remained in family ownership (though housed in the Archives Centre) until 1995, when they were bought for the nation. The grant to purchase the papers included funding for a dedicated team of archivists to catalogue them. The catalogue took
#384615