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29-615: The dust cloud is generated using the Nihka motor dust generator. The dust cloud is composed of aluminum oxide , carbon monoxide , hydrogen chloride , water , and nitrogen , as well as smaller amounts of carbon dioxide , hydrogen , monatomic chlorine , and monatomic hydrogen. According to NASA, Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals (SHIMMER ) instrument will track the CARE dust cloud for days or even months. The SHIMMER instrument has previously viewed natural noctilucent clouds for

58-452: A nuclear warhead ; terminal guidance was judged unnecessary for a nuclear warhead, so the SARH antenna was omitted. The SAM-N-6b1/RIM-8C was introduced in 1960 and had double the range and a more effective conventional continuous-rod warhead . The RIM-8D was the nuclear-warhead version of the -8C. The SAM-N-6c/RIM-8E "Unified Talos" had a warhead that could be swapped while embarked, eliminating

87-622: A Black Brant XII four-stage sounding rocket from the Andøya Rocket Range off the northwestern coast of Norway caused the Norwegian rocket incident , also known as the Black Brant scare. The trajectory resembled that of a U.S. Navy submarine-launched Trident missile . Russian nuclear forces were put on high alert as a result, fearing a high-altitude nuclear attack that could blind Russian radar, and Russia's "nuclear briefcase",

116-514: A long-range kill on a MiG. The Talos missile also had surface-to-surface capabilities. The RGM-8H Talos-ARM was a dedicated anti-radar homing missile for use against shore-based radar stations. Initial testing of the RGM-8H was performed in 1965, and soon after, it was deployed in Vietnam on Chicago , Oklahoma City , and Long Beach , attacking North Vietnamese SAM radars. Oklahoma City fired

145-401: A storage area above the main deck. Nuclear-powered USS  Long Beach and three Albany -class cruisers (converted Baltimore -class heavy cruisers ) carried Mark 12 Guided Missile Launching Systems fed from a 52-round magazine below the main deck. The initial SAM-N-6b/RIM-8A had an effective range of about 50 nmi and a conventional warhead . The SAM-N-6bW/RIM-8B was a RIM-8A with

174-477: A total of four MiGs being shot down by USS Chicago and Long Beach . On May 23, 1968, a Talos fired from Long Beach shot down a Vietnamese MiG at a range of about 65 miles. This was the first downing of a hostile aircraft by a missile fired from a ship. The hit also destroyed a second MiG which flew through the debris. In September 1968, Long Beach scored another MiG destroyed at a range of 61 miles. On May 9, 1972, Chicago ' s forward Talos battery scored

203-538: Is a family of Canadian-designed sounding rockets originally built by Bristol Aerospace , since absorbed by Magellan Aerospace in Winnipeg , Manitoba . Over 800 Black Brants of various versions have been launched since they were first produced in 1961, and the type remains one of the most popular sounding rockets. They have been repeatedly used by the Canadian Space Agency and NASA . Black Brant

232-528: The Black Brant has never had another failure, making it one of the most reliable rockets in history. Since then it has undergone continual evolution, and the current versions are the XI and XII, consisting of Black Brant V used as an upper stage, with Talos and Terrier boosters as lower stages. They have reached altitudes of more than 1,500 km (930 mi), which is above the ionosphere and well above

261-726: The Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park located in Buffalo, New York . A Talos missile and booster were on display at Rita Blanca Park (home of the XIT Rodeo & Reunion ) in Dalhart, Texas, at least from 1981 or earlier, but as of 2017 had been removed. A Talos missile is on display in the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center at the Washington Dulles International Airport . A Talos missile

290-534: The Cheget , was brought to Russian President Boris Yeltsin , who then had to decide whether to launch a retaliatory nuclear strike against the United States. It is the first and thus far only known incident where any nuclear-weapons state had its nuclear briefcase activated and prepared for launching an attack. On September 19, 2009, a Black Brant XII that was launched to study clouds caused numerous calls from

319-735: The Muskogee War Memorial Park located in Muskogee, Oklahoma . A Talos missile is on display at Naval Weapons Station Yorktown in Yorktown, Virginia . A Talos missile is on display at The US Navy's Guided Missile School at Dam Neck, in Virginia Beach, Virginia , just outside of the main building of the NAVGMSCOL. Two Talos missiles are on display, in launch position, on the stern of USS  Little Rock at

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348-501: The Propulsion Test Vehicle system useful as a sounding rocket . To better suit this role, Bristol modified the design to be lighter and more tailored to the sounding rocket role. This became the Black Brant. CARDE launched a number of Black Brant rockets over the next few years, both the original Black Brant I design which could place a 68 kg (150 lb) payload to 150 km (93 mi) altitude, as well as

377-722: The RIM-2 Terrier was the first to enter service. The Talos was originally designated SAM-N-6 and was redesignated RIM-8 in 1963. The airframe was manufactured by McDonnell Aircraft in St. Louis ; final assembly was by Bendix Missile Systems in Mishawaka, Indiana . The first production versions of the missile cost about $ 155,000 in 1955 ($ 1,793,335 in 2022 dollars); however, the price would drop as Bendix increased production. The Talos saw relatively limited use due to its large size and dual radar antenna system; few ships could accommodate

406-716: The South Bend Regional Airport (historically known as Bendix Field), but was removed in 2021 to be displayed in the Manufacturing Victory exhibit at The History Museum in South Bend. After the exhibit closed, the missile did not return to the airport. Another example can be seen at the Patriots Point Naval & Maritime Museum , located at Mount Pleasant, South Carolina . A Talos Missile can also be seen on display at

435-505: The de facto standard rocket for most Western-aligned militaries. In 1976, Australia and Canada through the National Research Council Canada (NRCC) agreed to launch a rocket from Woomera Test Range . The Black Brant VB rocket was launched there on 9 November for experiments in the ionosphere. Later, NASA would launch a number of Black Brant IX . At present, due to its 98% success rate, it remains one of

464-408: The earliest SAMs to equip United States Navy ships. The Talos used radar beam riding for guidance to the vicinity of its target, and semi-active radar homing (SARH) for terminal guidance. The four antennas surrounding the nose were SARH receivers, which functioned as a continuous wave interferometer . A solid rocket booster provided thrust for launch and a Bendix ramjet powered its flight to

493-506: The first successful RGM-8H combat shot in US Navy history in early 1972. It was also the first combat surface-to-surface missile shot in US Navy history. Long Beach had her Talos launcher removed in 1978. Talos was phased out of fleet service with the decommissioning of USS  Oklahoma City in 1979, though the Albany -class ships carrying the system soldiered on a few more years with

522-531: The ionosphere to study the generation of plasma wave electric fields and ionospheric density disturbances by the high-speed injection of dust particles. A primary sensor for the Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE II) was the two SuperDARN CUTLASS radars that view the ocean north of Norway. This cloud –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Black Brant (rocket) The Black Brant

551-561: The large missiles with the AN/SPW-2 missile guidance radar and the AN/SPG-49 target illumination and tracking radar. The 9.9-meter-long, 3½-ton missile was comparable in size to a small fighter aircraft . The Talos Mark 7 Guided Missile Launching System (GMLS) was installed in three Galveston -class cruisers (converted Cleveland -class light cruisers ) with 16 missiles in a ready-service magazine and up to 30 missiles and boosters in

580-653: The larger Black Brant II which first flew in October 1960, and the smaller but higher-altitude Black Brant III . The rocket's design emphasized reliability over payload and range. In July 1963 the much larger Black Brant V first flew, which was also used as a booster stage for the Black Brant III to make the Black Brant IV . The IV first flew in 1964, but failed, as did the next test launch. Aside from these two launches, which were corrected for,

609-625: The launchers left in place until they were retired in 1980. After 21 years of fleet service, the missile was replaced by the RIM-67 Standard missile, which was fired from the smaller Mk10 launcher. Two Talos missiles are on display at the Military Honor Park located near the entrance of the South Bend International Airport in South Bend, Indiana. A Talos missile was displayed in the atrium of

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638-728: The most popular sounding rockets ever built. The rockets have been used repeatedly by the Canadian Space Agency and NASA. There is a 1:1 scale model of the Black Brant IX rocket in front of the head office of the Canadian Space Agency in Saint-Hubert, east of Montréal . A full-scale Black Brant VC is on display in the Science Gallery of The Manitoba Museum in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. In 1995,

667-442: The need to waste magazine capacity carrying dedicated nuclear-tipped variants. The RIM-8E also carried an improved continuous-wave terminal homing seeker and had a higher ceiling reach-out. Some RIM-8Cs were retrofitted with the new seeker and designated RIM-8F. The RIM-8G and RIM-8J had further radar homing improvements and a new fuel that extended the range to 130 nm. The surface-to-air versions also saw action in Vietnam, with

696-425: The northeastern U.S. reporting "strange lights in the sky". NASA reported that the light came from an artificial noctilucent cloud formed by the exhaust particles of the rocket's fourth stage at an altitude of about 278 km (173 mi). The II was the first rocket for scientific use and was ready in 1960. RIM-8 Talos Bendix RIM-8 Talos was a long-range naval surface-to-air missile (SAM), among

725-606: The orbits of the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station . The propellant designs developed by CARDE in the Black Brant program were the highest performing solid fuels of their day. Bristol then placed this propellant in a new 70 mm (2.8 in) rocket to form the CRV7 , the first rocket capable of penetrating standard Warsaw Pact aircraft hangars. The CRV7 has since gone on to become

754-457: The past two years. The CARE will be the first space viewing of an artificial noctilucent cloud. The rocket was set to launch between 7:30 and 7:57 EDT on Tuesday September 14, 2009, from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia . On September 16, 2015, a Black Brant XI sounding rocket was launched from Andoya, Norway and carried 37 rocket motors and a multi-instrument daughter payload into

783-529: The target, with the warhead serving as the ramjet's compressor. Talos was the end product of Operation Bumblebee , the Navy's 16-year surface-to-air missile development program for protection against guided anti-ship missiles like Henschel Hs 293 glide bombs , Fritz X , and kamikaze aircraft. The Talos was the primary effort behind the Bumblebee project but was not the first missile the program developed;

812-551: Was quite heavy, as it was designed to be able to accommodate a wide variety of engine burning times, propellant loadings and launch angles in keeping with its role as a test vehicle for ABM systems development. The first test flight took place only two years later from the Churchill Rocket Research Range in September 1959. CARDE's attention later turned to long-distance communications and they found

841-462: Was the result of research at Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment (CARDE) during the 1950s into the nature of the upper part of the atmosphere as part of ongoing research into anti-ballistic missile systems and very-long-range communication. In 1957 CARDE contracted Bristol to produce a simple rocket fuselage , called the Propulsion Test Vehicle , for studies into high-power solid fuels . The resulting design, by Albert Fia ,

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