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25-561: A complete battery consists of four to six 8-cell transporter erector launchers (TELs), a passive electronically scanned array (PESA) multi-function 3D radar (based on the one from the Russian S-400), and a fire command vehicle. The radar operates in the X-band and rotates at a rate of 40 rpm , covering up to 80 degrees in elevation. It can detect targets within 100 km (62 mi) and track up to 40 simultaneously. The KM-SAM

50-658: A competitor and peer with the American FGM-148 Javelin and Israeli Spike-MR ATGMs. The Raybolt was first shown publicly at the Indodefence 2014 exhibition. Development began in 2007 and began in earnest in 2010, as South Korea's existing anti-tank guided missiles were reaching the end of their 25-year service life. LIG Nex1's priorities during development were world-class performance, weight, export competitiveness through localization of core components, cost-efficiency, and reliability. The development

75-722: A nearby fixed launch pad where it is raised vertical for launch. It is similar to TELs, except the fact that most space rockets must be erected and launched with the appropriate infrastructure , such as those found in a spaceport . This system is used by several space-launch agencies ; the Soyuz has a TE that can be transported by railway , SpaceX for its launch vehicles Falcon 9 and Heavy (but not Starship ). Some small-lift launch vehicles , such as Russian Start-1 and Chinese Kuaizhou series, can be launched from ordinary TELs from unprepared pads. AT-1K Raybolt The AT-1K Raybolt ( Korean : 현궁 "Hyeon-gung", Hanja : 晛弓)

100-462: A smokeless propellant and can be fired from within a building. The Raybolt missile and Observation and Launch Unit (OLU) can either be vehicle-mounted or carried as a manpack by two men. There are also discussions to mount the Raybolt on helicopters. The OLU has day/night capability via a thermal sight. The missile uses a soft launch to escape the barrel before activating the main flight motor. It

125-645: A two-man crew or fitted to fire from vehicles. The South Korean Army uses an anti-tank version of the Kia Motors 4×4 Light Tactical Vehicle (LTV) called the K-153C; the roof is equipped with a launcher turret with two missiles ready to fire and four additional missiles carried inside the vehicle. The Raybolt was delivered to the Republic of Korea Armed Forces in 2017. It will be used by the Korean Army and

150-419: Is a missile vehicle with an integrated tractor unit that can transport, elevate to a firing position and launch one or more rockets or missiles . Such vehicles exist for both surface-to-air missiles and surface-to-surface missiles . Early on, such missiles were launched from fixed sites and had to be loaded onto trucks for transport, making them more vulnerable to attack, since once they were spotted by

175-481: Is a South Korean man-portable third-generation anti-tank guided missile built by LIG Nex1 . It has fire-and-forget capability using an infrared imaging seeker and has a tandem-warhead to defeat explosive reactive armor . The Raybolt has a top attack and direct attack modes. It is the first ATGM to be built by South Korea and entered mass production in June 2017. The Raybolt is positioned by its manufacturer as

200-476: Is a type of TEL that also incorporates part or all of the radar system necessary for firing the surface-to-air missiles . Such vehicles have the capability of being autonomous, greatly enhancing their effectiveness. With this type of system each vehicle can fight regardless of the state or presence of support vehicles. The vehicle may have to aim the missile, usually through a rotating turret , or they may fire straight up. A transporter launcher and radar ( TLAR )

225-472: Is possible regardless of international sanctions against Russia. The KM-SAM can intercept targets up to an altitude of 15 km (49,000 ft) at a range of 40 km (25 mi). It is to replace upgraded MIM-23 Hawk batteries in South Korea and be made available for export. Almaz-Antey continued with the program after prototypes were transferred and have created a distinctly Russian version called

250-530: Is scheduled to be acquired over the 2018-2022 timeframe. The Raybolt system weight about 20 kg (44 lb), which its manufacturer describes as lighter than peers. The Raybolt's range is 2.5 or 3 km. The Raybolt's HEAT tandem warhead can penetrate 900 mm of RHA beyond defeating ERA, which is described as "excellent performance" by DAPA. The Raybolt has been marketed to India . Park Tae-sik, senior manager at LIG Nex1, also reports interest from South America. The missile can be carried by

275-582: Is the middle-tier of South Korea's three-tier aerial and missile defense system. Though it was developed in Russia by the Almaz Design Bureau in association with Samsung Thales , LIG Nex1 , and Doosan DST , localization and industrialization were done in South Korea enough to consider it an indigenous system. South Korea has independent export rights under international intellectual property law and does not use Russian-made parts. Therefore, export

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300-432: Is the same as a TELAR without the erector capability, because the missile in question is transported in the launch-ready position as default. An example is the 9K330 Tor , which mounts a vertical launching system (VLS)-style block of SAMs that correct their trajectory using rockets on the missile body itself. The Patriot missile system has a towed launch vehicle or mobile erector launcher ( MEL ). Another sub-set of

325-820: The Vityaz missile system . The Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) revealed in mid-2015 that the KM-SAM would soon enter mass production and begin delivery to the Air Force that September, replacing the Hawk missile that had been in Korean service since 1964, which the United States military retired in 2002. The system can intercept up to six targets simultaneously, and the missiles have anti- electronic warfare capabilities to keep functioning despite jamming. The system passed

350-639: The Cheongung Block-1. The configuration of KM-SAM batteries typically includes multifunction radar, vertical launchers, and control center vehicles. In April 2017, South Korean military officials revealed that a low-tier missile defense system based on the Cheongung was in the final phase of development. Modifying the standard SAM with hit-to-kill technology enables it to intercept incoming ballistic missiles at mid altitudes of around 20 km (66,000 ft). The first upgraded Cheongung-II system

375-609: The DAPA. About 95% of the Raybolt is made in South Korea. The Raybolt underwent successful test evaluations in Saudi Arabia in December 2013 and January 2014. The Raybolt contract is expected to be worth 1 trillion won through till 2023. The Raybolt's most notable feature is an imaging infrared seeker providing fire-and-forget capability. It also has a tandem-warhead and both direct attack and top attack modes. The Raybolt uses

400-571: The TEL are erector-launchers mounted to pallets, which can then be carried by suitable vehicles to create a TEL. The MBDA iLauncher used to launch the Sky Sabre missile is one example; a 15-tonne unit which is carried by MAN HX trucks in British Army service. In spaceflight , TELs are support structures used to transport a rocket launch vehicle horizontally from an assembly facility to

425-836: The US requested South Korea to send this missile system to Ukraine during the Russian invasion . However South Korea declined on the basis of its security situation. In February 2024, the South Korean Ministry of National Defense announced that Saudi Arabia would purchase 10 KM-SAM Block II batteries, in a deal worth $ 3.2 billion. In September 2024, the Iraqi Ministry of Defense signed a deal with LIG Nex1 worth $ 2.8 billion, in order to acquire an unspecified number of KM-SAM Block II batteries. Transporter erector launcher A transporter erector launcher ( TEL )

450-538: The deal could reach US$ 3.5 billion. An official at South Korea's DAPA said that the announcement was "positive" but "we still need to see how negotiations on the details will proceed." On 16 January 2022, the DAPA of the South Korean Government announced that the UAE would purchase the system in a deal worth $ 3.5 billion. At the time, it was the largest arms export deal ever made by South Korea. In 2022,

475-408: The enemy they could not easily be relocated, and if they were it often took hours or even days to prepare them for launch once they reached their new site. Usually a number of TELs and TELARs are linked to one command post vehicle (CP or CPV). They may use target information from target acquisition , designation and guidance radar (TADAGR or TAR). A transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR)

500-762: The military's operational requirement verification test in July 2015, and began deployment in early 2016 near the maritime border with North Korea in the Yellow Sea . On 28 April 2020, the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) announced that deliveries of the Cheongung KM-SAM Block-1 system to the ROKAF had been completed. In July 2021, South Korea retired its last MIM-23 Hawk system, phasing it out for

525-631: Was delivered to the ROKAF in November 2020. The Block II interceptor is effective against both aircraft and ballistic targets. The KM-SAM will be able to be launched from the Korean Vertical Launch System (K-VLS) aboard Daegu-class frigates in a naval role. The DAPA decided to develop KM-SAM Block III by investing 2.8 trillion won from 2024 to 2034. According to Defense News , it will be equipped with an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar. The KM-SAM block-2

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550-407: Was developed to replace obsolete anti-tank weapons, such as recoilless rifles and TOW missiles . South Korea's 1970s-vintage TOW missiles lacked tandem-warheads and would not be able to destroy modern North Korean tanks equipped with explosive reactive armor (ERA). The Raybolt is produced by LIG Nex1 in cooperation with South Korea's Agency for Defense Development (ADD), under the auspices of

575-701: Was filled by the development of the Long-range Surface-to-Air Missile (L-SAM). LIG Nex1 participated in International Defence Exhibition held in the UAE in 2021 and showed off the Korean weapon system including KM-SAM and AT-1K Raybolt . On 16 November 2021, the UAE's Ministry of Defense tweeted that it plans to acquire the M-SAM as a "qualitative addition" to its existing air defense capabilities and that

600-406: Was not completely smooth, and for the first five years there were several failures with "Captive Flight Tests". In a retrospective on the development of the Raybolt, one engineer assessed the greatest challenge as quality assurance . On May 30, 2017, it successfully completed the quality certification test of Raybolt organized by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA). The Raybolt

625-650: Was to be an upper-tier interceptor designed to take down ballistic missiles , offering capabilities similar to that of the American Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile with a range of 150 km (93 mi) and ceiling of 200,000 ft (61 km). Performance levels were to be twice as superior to the Patriot and Cheolmae II missiles, and was expected to be based on the Russian S-400 technology. This role

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