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41-481: Chichibu is in the westernmost part of Saitama. Unlike other parts of the prefecture, it is largely mountainous and the population is concentrated in river terraces along the Arakawa River . It is Saitama's largest municipality in terms of surface area and shares borders with Tokyo , Yamanashi , Nagano and Gunma Prefectures. A large portion of the city belongs to Chichibu-Tama-Kai National Park . Because

82-620: A blue colored line on unpainted stainless steel or aluminium bodies. The Ikebukuro Line group includes the Ikebukuro Line and its branches. The Shinjuku Line group includes the Shinjuku Line and its branches, as well as the Tamagawa Line, which is not a branch of the Shinjuku Line but had been owned by the Shinjuku Line's operator before its merger with the Ikebukuro Line operator. Until May 31, 2017, this list included

123-537: A coordinated service to transport night soil from central Tokyo to outlying disposal areas. At the time, night soil was generally transported by truck to Tokyo Bay and disposed of by dumping there, but the progress of World War II led to gasoline and personnel shortages which made this system unsustainable. The sewage service continued through the American occupation until 1951. As a result of this service cooperation, Seibu Railway merged with Musashino Railway to form

164-576: A directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 22 members. Chichibu contributes one member to the Saitama Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Saitama 11th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan . The local economy of Chichibu remains based on agriculture and forestry, as well as tourism. Chichibu has 14 public elementary schools and eight public middle schools operated by

205-424: A possible thin layer of alluvium) is left above either a stream or river channel. These bedrock terraces are the strath terraces and are erosional in nature. Paired and unpaired terraces : Terraces of the same elevation on opposite sides of either a stream or river are called paired terraces . They occur when it downcuts evenly on both sides and terraces on one side of the river correspond in height with those on

246-467: Is also famous for its brewing industry. Gunma Prefecture Nagano Prefecture Saitama Prefecture Tokyo Metropolis Yamanashi Prefecture Chichibu has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Chichibu is 13.2 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1325 mm with September as

287-813: Is now known as the Seibu Ikebukuro Line. The merger was largely orchestrated by Yasujirō Tsutsumi , a real estate developer who opened the Tamako Railway (now the Seibu Tamako Line ) in 1928, became a major shareholder in the Musashino Railway and merged the two in 1940. In 1944, the Tokyo metropolitan government, under the administration of Shigeo Ōdachi , hired the Seibu Railway and the Musashino Railway to provide

328-550: Is particularly extensive: Shimizu presented photographs of the mountains, people and customs of Chichibu in numerous books for the Japanese market, starting in 1954. The town of Chichibu is the setting for the popular anime series Anohana: The Flower We Saw That Day and the anime films The Anthem of the Heart and Her Blue Sky , all of which were written by Mari Okada who was born in Chichibu. The city considers itself as

369-429: Is reached and it can transport the material rather than deposit it. This equilibrium may last for a very short period, such as, after glaciation, or for a very long time if the conditions do not change. The fill terrace is created when the conditions change again and either a stream or river starts to incise into the material that it deposited in the valley. Once this occurs benches composed completely of alluvium form on

410-550: The Ahina Line ( 安比奈線 ) . Prior to the formal closure, the 3.2 km (2.0 mi) freight line between Minami-Ōtsuka Station and Ahina Station had suspended operation since 1963. As of 1 April 2015 , Seibu operates a fleet of 1,274 electric multiple unit (EMU) vehicles. Several Tokyu 9000 and Odakyu 8000 series trains (100 vehicles in total) are expected to be transferred from their original operators from 2024 in use primarily on Seibu's branch lines such as

451-630: The 19th century. A theatre company from Chichibu first presented The Mikado in Japanese in Chichibu on March 10, 2001, performed by local actors, and throughout other locations in Japan. In August 2006, it travelled with this production to the International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival in Buxton, England. River terrace Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys all over

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492-669: The Ikebukuro area to Tokorozawa, Saitama , where the two main Seibu lines intersect. Tsutsumi became the controlling shareholder in Seibu Railway following the merger through his holding company Kokudo Corporation. After gaining control of Seibu, Kokudo developed the Prince Hotels chain, acquired the baseball team now known as the Saitama Seibu Lions , in addition to continuing its core real estate business throughout

533-535: The Tokyo area. Seibu Railway had its initial public offering on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1949 but remained under the control of Tsutsumi through Kokudo. Station numbering was introduced on all Seibu Railway lines during fiscal 2012. Tsutsumi registered Seibu Railway shares owned by Kokudo in the names of various affiliated individuals, often without their permission, so that the true ownership of

574-629: The city government, and two public high schools operated by the Saitama Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the handicapped. Two lines serve the city: the Chichibu Main Line and Seibu Chichibu Line . The Chichibu Railway was constructed along the Arakawa River and first opened in 1914. Seibu Railway reached the city in 1969 and considerably reduced

615-420: The city. Mikoshi (sacred portable shrines) are brought to special places in each neighborhood where they are enshrined. Neighborhood association heads wash the mikoshi in the Arakawa River. Other attractions of the city include: As a picturesque area within fairly easy reach of Tokyo, Chichibu has been much photographed. However, the photography of Chichibu by the Chichibu native Bukō Shimizu (1913–1995)

656-456: The company was not readily apparent. Following the death of Tsutsumi in 1964, his third son Yoshiaki Tsutsumi inherited control of Kokudo and continued the practice of falsifying shareholder records. His holdings in Kokudo and Seibu led to his being deemed the "world's richest man" by Forbes magazine for four consecutive years from 1987 to 1990, with estimated net worth of $ 15–20 billion during

697-480: The company with a share of around 15%. Tsutsumi refused to respond to the Cerberus tender offer at the urging of Seibu management. As of June 2017, Seibu's routes total 176.6 km (109.7 mi). They fall into two separate groups. Tokorozawa Station is the crossing point of Ikebukuro Line and Shinjuku Line . Seibu Railway is well known for its bright yellow colored trains. However, more recent trains have

738-518: The current Seibu Railway, effective in September 1945. Tokyu Group president Keita Goto had an intense personal rivalry with Tsutsumi, and unsuccessfully attempted to block both Tsutsumi's takeover of the Musashino Railway and its merger with the Seibu Railway. The former Seibu network based around Shinjuku and the former Musashino network based around Ikebukuro remain operationally separated today. In 1986, Seibu Railway moved its headquarters from

779-550: The deposition of the terrace. Using the resulting date and the elevation above its current level, an approximate average rate of downcutting can be determined. Seibu Railway Seibu Railway Company, Ltd. ( 西武鉄道株式会社 , Seibu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha ) is a conglomerate based in Tokorozawa, Saitama , Japan, with principal business areas in railways , tourism, and real estate . Seibu Railway's operations are concentrated in northwest Tokyo and Saitama Prefecture ;

820-477: The fill terraces mentioned above, but they are erosional in origin. Once the alluvium deposited in the valley has begun to erode and fill terraces form along the valley walls, cut terraces may also form below the fill terraces. As either a stream or river continues to incise into the material, multiple levels of terraces may form. The uppermost being the fill terraces and the remaining lower terraces are cut terraces. Nested fill terraces: Nested fill terraces are

861-640: The height of the Japanese asset bubble . He was arrested on securities fraud charges in March 2005. On December 21, 2005, Seibu Railway was delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange. A reorganization of the group, completed in February 2006, created Seibu Holdings to act as a holding company for both the railway and Prince Hotels . Cerberus Capital Management , an American investment fund, became

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902-448: The inspiration for Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1885 comic opera, The Mikado ; the name of the opera's setting, "Titipu", is pronounced "Chichipu" in Japanese. Rokusuke Ei , a popular essayist, was convinced that Chichibu, the site of a peasant uprising in 1884, inspired the author, W. S. Gilbert , to set the opera in Japan. Other Japanese researchers have concluded that Gilbert may simply have heard of Chichibu silk, an important export in

943-472: The largest shareholder in Seibu Holdings with a 29.9% share of the new company. In late 2012 and early 2013, Cerberus proposed that Seibu Railway abolish five non-core lines, along with other restructuring measures throughout the Seibu Holdings group, but management refused to implement these changes. Cerberus then executed a tender offer to increase its stake to 35% as of June 2013, giving Cerberus

984-732: The length of either a stream or river, gradually lowering its elevation. For example, downcutting by a river can lead to increased velocity of a tributary, causing that tributary to erode toward its headwaters. Terraces can also be left behind when the volume of the fluvial flow declines due to changes in climate , typical of areas which were covered by ice during periods of glaciation , and their adjacent drainage basins. There are two basic types of fluvial terraces, fill terraces and strath terraces. Fill terraces sometimes are further subdivided into nested fill terraces and cut terraces. Both fill and strath terraces are, at times, described as being either paired or unpaired terraces based upon

1025-405: The name "Seibu" is an abbreviation of "west Musashi ", referring to the historic name for this area. It and its holding company hold shares of numerous bus, hotel and tourism operations nationwide. "Seibu Railway" was originally the name of a tram service between Shinjuku and Ogikubo, which was transferred to the Tokyo metropolitan government in 1951 and eventually closed in 1962. The Seibu Railway

1066-567: The opening of the Karisaka Tunnel in 1998 enabled the city to connect to Yamanashi. On December 3, Chichibu holds an annual night festival ( Intangible cultural heritage ). It attracts crowds from Chichibu, Saitama prefecture, neighboring Tokyo , and the Kantō region . Kawase matsuri is Chichibu shrine's summer festival. It takes place every July 19 and July 20. Eight groups carrying special dashi floats march along to festival music around

1107-430: The other side. Paired terraces are caused by river rejuvenation . Unpaired terraces occur when either a stream or river encounters material on one side that resists erosion, leaving a single terrace with no corresponding terrace on the resistant side. Fluvial terraces can be used to measure the rate at which either a stream or river is downcutting its valley. Using various dating methods, an age can be determined for

1148-440: The power to veto shareholder resolutions. Cerberus had aimed to raise its stake to 44%, bringing it closer to an outright majority, but Seibu management engaged in a massive campaign to thwart the tender offer, including advertising within Seibu trains to passengers who owned stock. The East Japan Railway Company and several financial institutions also planned a support scheme to keep Cerberus from acquiring control of Seibu, but it

1189-400: The region is not suitable for growing rice, many people have traditionally depended on sericulture (silk farming). Limestone from Mount Bukō , which rises south of the city center, is another major source of income for the region. The city is shifting its focus toward sightseeing, taking advantage of its rich natural environment and relative closeness to the Tokyo metropolitan area. The city

1230-496: The relative elevations of the surface of these terraces. Fill terraces: Fill terraces are the result of an existing valley being filled with alluvium . The valley may fill with alluvium for many different reasons including: an influx in bed load due to glaciation or change in stream power which causes the valley, that was down cut by either a stream or river, to be filled in with material (Easterbrook). The stream or river will continue to deposit material until an equilibrium

1271-408: The remnants of earlier floodplains that existed at a time when either a stream or river was flowing at a higher elevation before its channel downcut to create a new floodplain at a lower elevation. Changes in elevation can be due to changes in the base level (elevation of the lowest point in the fluvial system, usually the drainage basin ) of the fluvial system, which leads to headward erosion along

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1312-420: The result of either a stream or river downcutting through bedrock. As the flow continues to downcut, a period of valley widening may occur and expand the valley width. This may occur due to an equilibrium reached in the fluvial system resulting from: slowed or paused uplift, climate change, or a change in the bedrock type. Once downcutting continues the flattened valley bottom composed of bedrock (overlain with

1353-490: The result of the valley filling with alluvium, the alluvium being incised, and the valley filling again with material but to a lower level than before. The terrace that results for the second filling is a nested terrace because it has been “nested” into the original alluvium and created a terrace. These terraces are depositional in origin and may be able to be identified by a sudden change in alluvium characteristics such as finer material. Strath terraces: Strath terraces are

1394-463: The sides of the valley. The upper most benches are the fill terraces. As it continues to cut down through the alluvium the fill terraces are left above the river channel (sometimes 100 m or more). The fill terrace is only the very highest terrace resulting from the depositional episode; if there are multiple terraces below the fill terrace, these are called "cut terraces". Cut terraces: Cut terraces, also called "cut-in-fill" terraces, are similar to

1435-506: The travel time to Tokyo. It takes approximately one and a half hours to travel from Seibu-Chichibu Station to Ikebukuro Station , one of the major train terminals in Tokyo. These lines carry people as well as limestone from Mount Bukō. The two lines were directly connected on April 1, 1989. Chichibu Railway also operated the Mitsumine Ropeway , which carried passengers visiting Mitsumine Shrine  [ ja ] . The ropeway

1476-606: The wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.8 °C, and lowest in January, at around 6.0 °C. Per Japanese census data, the population of Chichibu has decreased gradually over the past 60 years. Chichibu was incorporated as a city on April 1, 1950, although Chichibu Province had already existed since before the Nara period and the region has developed many local traditions. Chichibu Province

1517-441: The world. They consist of a relatively level strip of land, called a "tread", separated from either an adjacent floodplain, other fluvial terraces, or uplands by distinctly steeper strips of land called "risers". These terraces lie parallel to and above the river channel and its floodplain. Because of the manner in which they form, fluvial terraces are underlain by fluvial sediments of highly variable thickness. River terraces are

1558-625: Was acquired in 1921 by the Kawagoe Railway, which had operated a train service between Kokubunji and Kawagoe since 1894; the merged company kept the "Seibu" name and expanded its main line to Takadanobaba, forming what is now known as the Seibu Shinjuku Line. The current Seibu Railway is a product of a 1945 merger between the former Seibu Railway and the Musashino Railway , which was founded in 1912 to operate what

1599-436: Was incorporated into Musashi Province in the 7th century AD. During premodern times, the town developed as a marketplace of the district as well as the town around Chichibu Shrine . The city's older name, Ōmiya ("big shrine"), was derived from the shrine. Since its incorporation in 1950, the area of the city has grown through a series of mergers, the most recent in 2005. Chichibu has a mayor-council form of government with

1640-616: Was taken out of service since May 19, 2006, and was officially abandoned on December 1, 2007. [REDACTED] Seibu Railway – Seibu Chichibu Line [REDACTED] Chichibu Railway – Chichibu Main Line Two national roads, Route 140 and 299, serve the city. Route 140 connects the city to its nearest expressway interchange, Hanazono Interchange of the Kan-Etsu Expressway . The city had no road communication to Yamanashi Prefecture due to steep Okuchichibu Mountains , but

1681-537: Was ultimately not implemented due to a lack of potential financial benefit for the investors. At the June 2013 shareholder meeting, several proposals by Cerberus were voted down, including the election of outside directors and the abolition of non-core lines. As of June 2013 , Yoshiaki Tsutsumi remains a major investor in Seibu Holdings through his 36% investment in NW Corporation, the second-largest shareholder in

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