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32-479: In China, CGN operates nuclear plants at Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant , Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant , Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant and Ningde Nuclear Power Plant , with five new nuclear power stations under construction and another two planned. CGN operates in wind energy and solar energy, as well as hydroelectricity. China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding Co., Ltd. (CGNPC) was established in September 1994 with

64-612: A core catcher and double containment as additional safety measures and ten major technical improvements over its predecessor the CPR-1000. It was the first Chinese reactor to have a domestically developed digital control system. In 2012, central planners in Beijing directed China General Nuclear (CGN) and the other large nuclear builder and operator, CNNC to 'rationalise' their Generation III reactor design programs. This meant CGN's ACPR1000 and CNNC's ACP1000, both of which were based on

96-450: A 60-year design life, and would use a combination of passive and active safety systems with a double containment. It has a 177 assembly core design with an 18-month refuelling cycle. The power plant's utilisation rate is as high as 90%. CNNC has said its active and passive safety systems, double-layer containment and other technologies meet the highest international safety standards. CNNC plans to start building Hualong Two by 2024. It will be

128-541: A design life that could extend beyond 40 years and an 18-month fuel cycle. It has a digital instrumentation and control system, and is equipped with hydrogen recombiners and containment spray pumps. Some CPR-1000 intellectual property rights are retained by Areva , which limits overseas sales potential. In 2010, CGNPG announced a further design evolution to a Generation III level, the ACPR-1000 , which would also replace intellectual property right-limited components from

160-485: A fund run by China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group signed a deal raising US$ 1.03 billion for nuclear and related energy projects. Guangdong Nuclear's fund, the first industrial fund set up by a state-owned enterprise with approval from the State Council signed the fund-raising agreement with Bank of China , China Development Bank and other institutions, which will become shareholders in the fund. The financing

192-601: A large proportion in all the reactors being built in China. The M310 uses as its base design units 5 & 6 of the Gravelines Nuclear Power Station in France. The CPR-1000 has a 1086 MWe capacity, a three-loop design and 157 fuel assemblies (active length 12ft), enriched to 4.5% U-235. The fuel assembly design is AREVA's 17x17 AFA 3G M5, which can be fabricated in China. Other features include has

224-406: A minimal amount of radiation – only 0.8 millisieverts, the equivalent to an x-ray (which 1 out 400 people get every year in the general population). The Day Bay Nuclear Power Plant consist of 2 operational reactors. Executive Order 13959 Executive Order 13959 is a U.S. Presidential Executive Order signed on November 12, 2020, by President Donald Trump . Its title, and stated goal,

256-764: A more economical version using similar technology, taking a year less to build with about a quarter less in construction costs. In November 2007, CGN signed a contract with Areva to build Taishan nuclear station with Areva's EPR , making the company among the first to build a nuclear station with generation III reactors . Operating stations: Under construction: Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant phase II, Ningde Nuclear Power Plant phase II, Planned: Lufeng Nuclear Power Plant , Xianning Nuclear Power Plant (entering early construction), Wuhu Nuclear Power Plant and Jiangsu's Second Nuclear Power Project Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant Daya Nuclear Power Plant ( Chinese : 大亚湾核电站 ; pinyin : Dàyàwān Hédiànzhàn )

288-405: A registered capital of RMB 10.2 billion with nuclear power as its core business. With CGNPC as its core enterprise, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group (CGNPG) comprises more than twenty wholly owned or controlling subsidiaries. It is one of the two most significant companies in China's nuclear power industry and uranium mining (the other is China National Nuclear Corporation ). In April 2009,

320-661: A subsidiary of CGN. On 9 October 1987, the Hong Kong Legislative Council task force was informed that 316 steel reinforcing bars were missing from the reactor platform of Unit 1. There should have been 8080 bars in the whole structure and 576 bars in the Unit 1 reactor platform. The incident was discovered and concealed by the operating company in September 1987. It was disclosed by a local Hong Kong newspaper in October. The concrete platform did not meet

352-923: Is "Addressing the Threat From Securities Investments That Finance Communist Chinese Military Companies." A related Executive Order 14032 ("Addressing the Threat From Securities Investments That Finance Certain Companies of the People's Republic of China") was signed by President Joe Biden on June 3, 2021. The national emergency declared by E.O. 13959 remains in effect and has been expanded by E.O. 14032. The executive order prohibits all U.S. investors ( institutional and retail investors alike) from purchasing or investing in securities of companies identified by

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384-703: Is a nuclear power plant located in Daya Bay in Longgang District , along the eastern extremity of Shenzhen , Guangdong , China ; and to the north east of Hong Kong . Daya Bay has two 944 MWe PWR nuclear reactors based on the Framatome ANP French 900 MWe three cooling loop design (M310), were both commissioned in 1993 and started commercial operation in 1993 and 1994 respectively. The Hong Kong–based British businessman and owner of CLP Power , Lawrence Kadoorie , conceived of

416-483: Is the first of two phases for the fund, which plans to raise a total of 10 billion yuan. In May 2013, the organization changed its name to China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) to signify that its operations extend beyond Guangdong province. In December 2014, CGN raised $ 3 billion by an initial public offering (IPO) in Hong Kong . In December 2014, the firm announced it was acquiring three wind farms in

448-599: Is to try to thwart the country’s ' Made in China 2025 ' and was part of the US-China trade war". In November 2020, Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that the United States Department of Defense has listed as having links to the People's Liberation Army , which included CGN. CGN's proposals to operate two nuclear plants in

480-675: The Government of Malaysia and the arrest of Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak for corruption and fraud. CGN is a state-owned enterprise supervised by the State Council via the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission . CGN has been sanctioned by the United States for attempting to acquire advanced U.S. nuclear technology to divert to military uses in China. In 2016,

512-468: The IAEA PRIS database. Daya Bay and the adjacent Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant are operated together by Daya Bay Nuclear Power Operations and Management Co (DNMC), an affiliate of China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN). Daya Bay is 25% owned by Hong Kong-listed CLP Group , which buys about 80% of the plant's output to supply Hong Kong's power needs. 75% is owned by Guangdong Nuclear Investment,

544-475: The UK with a combined capacity of 73 megawatts from British energy company EDF Energy for a fee estimated to be in the region of £100 million. In November 2015, the company and its subsidiaries agreed to acquire 1Malaysia Development Berhad 's energy assets, worth around $ 2.3 billion. The transaction was part of the wider 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal which resulted in billions of dollars being stolen from

576-633: The United States Department of Justice charged CGN with stealing nuclear secrets from the United States. The Guardian reported: "According to the US Department of Justice, the FBI has discovered evidence that China General Nuclear Power (CGN) has been engaged in a conspiracy to steal US nuclear secrets stretching back almost two decades. Both CGN and one of the corporation’s senior advisers, Szuhsiung Ho, have been charged with conspiring to help

608-579: The CPR-1000. CGNPG aimed to be able to independently market the ACPR-1000 for export by 2013. CGNPG has been conducting the development work in cooperation with Dongfang Electric , Shanghai Electric , Harbin Electric , China First Heavy Industries and China Erzhong . The core of the ACPR1000 comprises 157 fuel assemblies (active length 14ft) and has a design life of 60 years. Other features include

640-527: The Chinese government develop nuclear material in a manner that is in clear breach of US law." In August 2019, the U.S. Department of Commerce added CGN to its Entity List , barring U.S. companies from selling products to CGN. In its reasoning, the United States Department of Commerce explained that CGN attempted to acquire advanced U.S. nuclear technology to divert to military uses in China". The Chinese state-owned China Daily claimed that, "[T]he real aim

672-716: The French Generation II M310 , were 'merged' into one standardised design - the Hualong One . After the merger, both companies retain their own supply chain and their versions of the Hualong One will differ slightly (units built by CGN will retain some features from the ACPR1000) but the design is considered to be standardised. Some 85% of its components will be made domestically. The Hualong One power output will be 1170 MWe gross, 1090 MWe net, with

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704-491: The U.S. government as "Communist Chinese military companies". A "Communist Chinese military company" is any company that the U.S. Department of Defense has identified pursuant to Section 1237 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999. The prohibition came into effect on January 11, 2021. On December 28, 2020, guidance on the executive order was published clarifying that

736-767: The UK have received criticism from MPs as a potential threat to national security . In September 2021, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission suspended shipments of nuclear materials to CGN on national security grounds. CGN's first nuclear station uses reactors designed and built by the French National Company, Framatome , specifically the M310 plants at Daya Bay Plant . On the basis of the M310 , CGN developed an improved Generation II pressurized water reactor called CPR-1000 . CPR-1000 takes

768-618: The order included subsidiaries of the relevant companies. On January 13, 2021, President Trump strengthened the executive order's requirements by issuing Executive Order 13974 ("Amending Executive Order 13959—Addressing the Threat From Securities Investments That Finance Communist Chinese Military Companies"), which mandated divestment by November 11, 2021. Initially, 31 companies were identified, including two companies whose shares were traded on U.S. exchanges. These include companies in aerospace , shipbuilding , construction , technology and communication industries. On December 3, 2020,

800-582: The plan to build a nuclear plant in Guangdong province to provide electricity to both Hong Kong and Southern China. Kadoorie envisioned the plant as part of a "grand strategy" to enhance economic links with Mainland China and help to preserve British administration of Hong Kong. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was enthusiastic about the plan and committed to the support of the UK Department of Industry. Chinese paramount leader Deng Xiaoping

832-525: The shareholders of the plant, China Light & Power (CLP), a Hong Kong–based utility, that the government nuclear safety watchdog in both mainland China and Hong Kong were notified and briefed. CLP said in a statement that the leak was small and fell below international standards requiring reporting as a safety issue. No radioactive monitoring stations in Hong Kong detected any rise in radioactivity. Mainland China news outlets also quoted officials explaining

864-513: The situation, which was considered under normal operation conditions and fell below international standards for reporting. In April 2011, Daya Bay Power Plant won an unprecedented four out of six awards in the annual nuclear power plant safety competition held by EDF Energy . "Everyone was shocked by Daya Bay's figures, especially for repairs and maintenance," said Liu Changshen, General Manager of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Company. The Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant also stood out as its staff are exposed to

896-405: The specifications set. Company officials explained that the incident was due to a "mistaken perception" of the architectural drawings . In the aftermath of the incident, steps were taken to remedy the missing reinforcing bars. Extra reinforcement would be applied on the second layer of concrete for the shortfall on the first of the five layers. A Hong Kong Legislative Councillor, Jackie Chan , who

928-515: The time, signed a petition opposing nuclear power. Over a hundred community groups brought discussion on the construction, with the opposition primarily focusing on environmental issues and the rights of Hong Kong residents. Unit 1 began power operations on August 31, 1993, and Unit 2 began power operations on February 2, 1994. The reactors were designed and built by the French National Company, Framatome , with Chinese participation. The plants were originally named Guangdong-1 and Guangdong-2 in

960-547: Was a civil engineer by trade criticised attempts to downplay the issue which focused on the fact that "only 2 per cent" of the total number of bars were missing. The 316 missing bars localised to the reactor platform which would have resulted in 55 per cent reduction in the total of 576 bars. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists reported the incident in 1991 with a title "Hong Kong fears Chinese Chernobyl ". On June 16, 2010, Radio Free Asia informed that there

992-461: Was a leak in one of the fuel tubes. Officials denied this information stating that "Daya Bay's two reactor units are functioning safely and stably. There has been no radioactive leak". Radio Free Asia quoted an unidentified expert, saying that radioactive iodine had been released. They also claimed the incident had not been immediately reported to the government, and was kept secret for some time. The New York Times reported differently, quoting one of

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1024-573: Was also enthusiastic about the proposed nuclear plan. At a 1985 meeting between Deng and Kadoorie the two men expressed a desire to celebrate the planned commissioning of the first reactor in 1992, despite their advanced age. In 1985, the building of Daya Bay nuclear power plant incited controversy and led to objections from prominent politicians in nearby Hong Kong , such as Martin Lee and Szeto Wah , legislative councillors , district board members. A million people, or one fifth of Hong Kong's population at

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