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25-808: Cisplatina ( Portuguese pronunciation: [sisplaˈtʃĩnɐ] ) was a Brazilian province in existence from 1821 to 1828 created by the Luso-Brazilian invasion of the Banda Oriental . From 1815 until 1822 Brazil was a constituent kingdom of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves . After the independence of Brazil and the formation of the Empire of Brazil the Cisplatina province remained part of it. In 1828, following

50-548: A characteristic member of this group, became an important financier of the anti-Brazilian movement. On April 1, 1825, an advance party led by Manuel Oribe set sail from the port of San Isidro and landed at the Brazo Largo island on the Paraná river . The bulk of the men left soon afterwards, but due to bad weather could only join them on April 15. After nightfall, on April 18, Lavalleja and his men advanced carefully among

75-698: A declaration of war by the Empire of Brazil in December of the same year. The Cisplatine War had begun. This conflict lasted until August 1828. After mediation by Viscount Ponsonby , a British diplomat, Oriental Province was established as a state independent of both the United Provinces and the Brazilian Empire. This accord was the foundation of modern Uruguay . Known as the Preliminary Peace Convention , it

100-960: A successful revolt against Spain, defeating them on 18 May in the Battle of Las Piedras . In 1813, the Banda Oriental was renamed to Provincia Oriental, becoming part of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata . In 1814, Artigas formed the Federal League , of which he was declared Protector. The constant growth of influence and prestige of the Federal League frightened the Luso-Brazilian Monarchy (because of its republicanism), and in August 1816 they invaded

125-558: The Preliminary Peace Convention , the Cisplatina province became independent as Uruguay . The name comes from the Latin prefix "cis" meaning "on this side of" and "platina", a reference to the Río de la Plata . Thus, the name Cisplatina means "province on the same side of the Río de la Plata", alluding to the fact that, from the Brazilian perspective, the region is located on the same side of

150-634: The Republic of the United States of Brazil and the provinces became states. The Neutral Municipality that included the city of Rio de Janeiro l became the Federal District . Thirty-Three Orientals The Treinta y Tres Orientales (English: Thirty-Three Orientals or Thirty-Three Easterners ) was a revolutionary group led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja and Manuel Oribe against the Empire of Brazil . Their actions culminated in

175-498: The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves invaded and occupied the post-Spanish Provincia Oriental . These Luso-Brazilian forces easily defeated the resistance of the forces of José Gervasio Artigas who, when routed, had to abandon the province in 1820, and went into self-exile in Paraguay . In February 1824 Oriental Province was annexed under the name Cisplatina Province by newly independent Brazil. It had held

200-730: The Algarves ), superseding the captaincies that were in place at the time. The captaincies of Brazil are renamed provinces. The present-day Uruguay is occupied by the Portuguese Army and incorporated in Brazil as its Cisplatine Province. Independence of Brazil, with the provinces becoming provinces of the Empire of Brazil. The last Brazilian provinces that remained loyal to the Portuguese Government in Lisbon adhere to

225-470: The Banda Oriental had always belonged to the territory of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata , present-day Argentina . Gómez received this answer: "The incorporation of the Cisplatina Province into the Empire is an act of the free will of all its inhabitants, and Brazil, by the sacrifices it has done, is resolute to defend that territory, not allowing that the opinion with respect to

250-427: The Banda Oriental, with the intention of destroying the protector and his revolution. The Luso-Brazilian expeditionary force, thanks to its material superiority, military experience and organization (including in part its European warfare experience), occupied Montevideo on 20 January 1817, and finally, after a three-year struggle in the countryside, defeated the pro-Artigas forces in the Battle of Tacuarembó . In 1821,

275-524: The Cisplatina province as the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, and – more importantly to planned British interests – establishing the international status of the Río de la Plata, so that international trade was easier to accomplish. Brazilian province On February 28, 1821, the provinces were established in the Kingdom of Brazil (then part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and

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300-488: The Empire of Brazil. Cisplatina Province became the independent state of Uruguay . The city of Rio de Janeiro , the imperial capital , was removed from the province of Rio de Janeiro, and was included in the Neutral Municipality . At the same time, the capital of the province of Rio de Janeiro was transferred to Niterói . Grão-Pará split into Amazonas and Pará . In 1889 the Empire of Brazil became

325-738: The Portuguese and Brazilians, organized a new military expedition, from Buenos Aires Province to Cisplatina Province. The goal was again to expel the Brazilians and unite Cisplatina Province with the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. The expedition relied on the help of some ranchers and beef-curers from Buenos Aires Province who saw the Brazilian occupation of Cisplatina Province as a danger to their interests. The beef-curers had seen their regional markets impaired through competition with their neighbors at Rio Grande do Sul , who were supplied with cattle from Cisplatina. Juan Manuel de Rosas ,

350-619: The Provincia Oriental del Río de la Plata (present-day Uruguay), was annexed as a province into the Kingdom of Brazil under the name of Cisplatina. The annexation of the province was justified through the "general acclamation" of an Assembly of "Oriental notables" on 18 July 1821. The borders of Cisplatina were: on the east the Atlantic Ocean , on the south the Río de la Plata, on the west the Uruguay River and on

375-708: The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, which planned to reannex the region. This led to the Cisplatine War . Despite the Argentine victory in the battle of Ituzaingó , neither side gained the upper hand and, on 27 August 1828, the Preliminary Peace Convention, fostered by the United Kingdom through the mediation of diplomat John Ponsonby , was signed between the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces, giving independence to

400-534: The foundation of modern Uruguay . They became famous by the name of the Treinta y Tres Orientales when, in 1825, they began an insurrection for the independence of Oriental Province , a historical territory encompassing modern Uruguay and part of modern Brazilian Rio Grande do Sul State, from Brazilian control. The group was also known as the Thirty Three Immortals . Between 1816 and 1820,

425-586: The incorporation from that State to the United Provinces is raised again. (…) the Government of H.I.M. [His Imperial Majesty] (…) cannot enter negotiations with the one of Buenos Aires that have as fundamental base the cession of the Cisplatina, whose inhabitants do not have to leave." As a reaction, a group of Uruguayan insurgents, the Thirty-Three Orientals , led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja , declared independence on 25 August 1825, supported by

450-684: The isles of the Paraná Delta , evading the vigil of the Brazilian flotilla . They crossed the Río Uruguay in two boats and disembarked at Agraciada Beach , also known as "Arenal Grande", at dawn on April 19. There they planted what would become known as the Bandera de los Treinta y Tres Orientales ( Flag of the Thirty-Three Easterners ), a flag of blue, white, and red horizontal bars. These colors had been traditional since

475-509: The north the Quaraí river until la Cuchilla de Santa Ana . This means that territories previously belonging to the Provincia Oriental had been annexed to the jurisdiction of Rio Grande do Sul . Brazil became an independent nation in 1822. On 15 September 1823, the envoy of the Argentine president Bernardino Rivadavia , Valentín Gómez , wrote a memorandum in Rio de Janeiro in which he stated that

500-424: The protagonists' faces, interviewing some survivors and taking extensive notes. The military expedition of the Treinta y Tres proceeded to attract countryside inhabitants to the cause of freedom from the Brazilians, and made its way to Montevideo , where it arrived on May 20, 1825. On June 14, in the town of La Florida it installed a provisional government which in turn held an election of representatives . This

525-595: The river as Brazil, cf. Cisalpine. The Argentines called the region Banda Oriental , short for Banda Oriental del Río Uruguay ("the strip to the east of the Uruguay River "). The Banda Oriental had always been a sparsely populated contested border-area between the Spanish and Portuguese Empires . In the First Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777 the control of the area was given to Spain. In 1811, José Gervasio Artigas , who became Uruguay's national hero, launched

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550-457: The same name under the former Portuguese colonial administration. Previously, a separatist movement (1822–1823) directed by various partisans of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present day Argentina ) had been subdued by the Brazilians. The goal of the doomed movement had been the unification of Cisplatina with the United Provinces. One of the military leaders of the partisans, Lavalleja, who had fought together with Artigas against

575-669: The times of Artigas, not only in Oriental Province but also in others of the Río de la Plata region. Long afterwards, in 1877, the event would be portrayed by the painter Juan Manuel Blanes, in El Juramento de los Treinta y Tres Orientales (Oath of the Thirty-Three Orientlas), one of the images most deeply inscribed in the historical memory of Uruguayans. Blanes often addressed historical themes in his works, and in this case achieved detailed renderings of

600-484: Was affirmed on August 27, 1828. The true number of the group has been the object of controversy, based on the existence of various lists of members, published between 1825 and 1832. While thirty-three is the officially accepted number, the names differ from list to list; it is unclear whether these differing names may be nicknames of the true members. According to Jacinto Carranza , who compared extant lists for his 1946 book ¿Cuántos eran los Treinta y Tres? (How Many Were

625-478: Was known as Representatives' Hall, or more commonly as the Florida Assembly. The goal of the assembly was to rewrite the laws of Oriental Province. On August 25 the assembly declared the independence of Oriental Province from Brazil, and its allegiance to the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. The United Provinces recognized the incorporation of Oriental Province on October 24, 1825. This instigated

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