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29-596: The Claremont Tunnel was built in 1929. After the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, EBMUD began studying the potential effect of a large seismic event along the Hayward Fault. In the worst-case scenario, slip along the fault would sever the tunnel, disrupting the water supply to approximately 50 to 70% (800,000) of EBMUD's customers for up to six months. In response, EBMUD approved a $ 189 million Seismic Improvement Plan in 1994, which included seismic upgrades to

58-610: A branch in Orinda. California and Nevada Railroad The California and Nevada Railroad was a 3 ft ( 914 mm ) narrow gauge steam railroad which ran in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area in the late 19th century. It was incorporated on March 25, 1884. J.S. Emery was listed as the railroad's president - the present day city of Emeryville is named after him. On March 1, 1885,

87-691: A connection with the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad in Utah . The California and Mt. Diablo was sold to the California and Nevada. The California and Nevada reached San Pablo, California , in 1886. It was subsequently extended around the northern end of the Berkeley Hills and the San Pablo Ridge , then southeastward down the valley drained by San Pablo Creek to Orinda , running along what

116-486: A lifeline Civil Engineering Magazine 78(5). Orinda, California Orinda is a city in Contra Costa County, California , United States. The city's population as of the 2020 census is estimated at 19,514 residents. Orinda is located within four Mexican land grants: Rancho Laguna de los Palos Colorados , Rancho Acalanes , Rancho El Sobrante and Rancho Boca de la Cañada del Pinole . The area

145-434: A reinforced section crossing the fault, where it takes on an oval cross-section 17 feet (5.2 m) wide for a length of 108 feet (33 m). In the reinforced section, the concrete liner of the tunnel is 2 feet (0.61 m) thick, instead of the 1-foot (0.30 m) thickness elsewhere in the bypass tunnel. The reinforced section was excavated by first boring two drifts to either side of the planned section. The space between

174-482: A steel carrier pipe 3 inches (76 mm) thick with a 6 feet (1.8 m) inner diameter, capable of delivering 130,000,000 US gallons per day (340,000 L/min). Up to an 8.5 feet (2.6 m) offset can be accommodated without breaking the pipe or losing water delivery. The bypass tunnel was designed by Jacobs Associates for EBMUD, and cost $ 38 million. It went into service on May 30, 2007. Wilson, S.H., R.J. Caulfield, and D.F. Tsztoo. 2006. Engineering geology of

203-599: A tunnel through the Hayward Fault Zone. In Honor of Professor Edward L. Doheny, PG. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 38(7). Wilson, S.H., D.F. Tsztoo, C.R. Handford, and K. Rossi 2007. Excavation and support of a water tunnel through the Hayward Fault Zone Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference Proceedings, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Wilson, S.H., D.F. Tsztoo, C.R. Handford, and K. Rossi. 2008. Safeguarding

232-497: Is now the eastern shoreline of San Pablo Reservoir . A shortage of capital and constant problems with washed-out tracks barred further extensions. For most of its duration, the railroad was primarily run for weekend excursions. The railroad reached Orinda (then called "Bryants"), its furthest extent, in November 1891. At this point, it owned and operated 22 miles (35 km) of track. On May 29, 1896, and again on July 12, 1899,

261-691: Is the only middle school. Together, these five schools make up the Orinda Union School District . Orinda's high school, Miramonte High School , is a part of the Acalanes Union High School District . Orinda is home to three private educational establishments: Orinda Academy , Holden High School , and Fountainhead Montessori School. Of these, two (OA & Holden) are private high schools, while Fountainhead Montessori School services kindergarten through fifth grade. The Contra Costa County Library has

290-477: Is water. The area is characterized by a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification : Csb ) with cool, rainy winters and warm, dry summers. Because Orinda is located in a hilly area, microclimates often dominate temperature differences in short distances. The Oakland Hills often block the cool foggy conditions that can be seen in Oakland and the inner Bay. In the summer, fog can spill over

319-503: The 1929 concrete tunnel and the surrounding earth. For the bypass, first a 480-foot (150 m) access tunnel was bored into the fault zone. Next, the space for the 1,570-foot (480 m) long bypass tunnel was excavated using the New Austrian tunnelling method . A bypass tunnel was used to avoid disrupting service through the main tunnel and to minimize cost and time. The bypass tunnel is 11 feet (3.4 m) in diameter, except for

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348-666: The Claremont Tunnel. Seismic upgrades began in 2004 and completed in 2007. The original tunnel connects the EBMUD treatment plant in Orinda with the distribution system west of the Oakland Hills. It featured a bore 9 feet (2.7 m) square with a mostly unreinforced concrete lining 1-foot (0.30 m) thick. At peak capacity, the tunnel can deliver 175,000,000 US gallons per day (460,000 L/min). The tunnel crosses

377-475: The Hayward Fault at a nearly perpendicular angle 850 feet (260 m) from its western portal, and creep along the fault resulted in an offset of 13 inches (330 mm) by 2008. The maximum credible earthquake (magnitude 7.0) predicted in studies would cause an offset of 7.5 feet (2.3 m). For the seismic upgrade, a reinforced bypass tunnel was constructed across the Hayward Fault starting in 2004. The seismic upgrade also injected grout to improve contact between

406-402: The Oakland hills, cooling off the area. Heatwaves from the inland areas can be felt much more in Orinda than in Oakland and the inner Bay during the summer. In the winter, Orinda often sees more precipitation than surrounding areas because of its higher elevation. Snowfall is rare but not unheard of. A dusting of snow may occur in any given year because of the elevation. During stable conditions in

435-664: The city of Emeryville. The 3 ft ( 914 mm ) narrow gauge track commenced at 40th Street/ San Pablo Avenue and continued 9.85 miles (15.85 km) north through present day Berkeley, Albany, El Cerrito and terminated in Richmond. The California & Mt. Diablo Railroad proposed to run from a pier on San Francisco Bay in Emeryville , then across central California and across the Sierra Nevada mountains at Sonora Pass near Bodie, California , and then east to

464-676: The city of Orinda was incorporated on July 1, 1985. Its first mayor was Richard G. Heggie. The city is served by Orinda station on the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Yellow Line and Route 6 of the County Connection . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 12.7 sq mi (33 km ), of which 12.7 sq mi (33 km ) of it is land and 0.015 sq mi (0.039 km ) of it (0.12%)

493-538: The narrow gauge to standard track gauge between Richmond and Oakland. Upon completion of the standardization, on May 16, 1904, the Oakland and East Side Railroad was leased to the Santa Fe. That same day, the first Santa Fe train passed over the line. The track from San Pablo to Orinda follows much of the route of the San Pablo Dam Road through El Sobrante. The Santa Fe line between Richmond and Oakland

522-643: The population) lived in households, 6 (>0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 37 (0.2%) were institutionalized. There were 6,553 households, out of which 2,361 (36.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 4,673 (71.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 370 (5.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 159 (2.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 138 (2.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 58 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships , 1,127 households (17.2%) were made up of individuals, and 695 (10.6%) had someone living alone who

551-471: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,590 people (9.0%) lived in rental housing units. As of February 10, 2019, Orinda has 14,020 registered voters, with 6,692 (47.7%) registered as Democrats, 3,176 (22.7%) registered as Republicans, and 3,662 (26.1%) decline to state voters. Orinda has four public elementary schools: Sleepy Hollow Elementary, Wagner Ranch Elementary, Glorietta Elementary and Del Rey Elementary. Orinda Intermediate School

580-454: The railroad was placed into receivership . After 1900 the railroad ceased to operate. The railroad was sold at foreclosure on November 29, 1902. The nascent pier into San Francisco Bay was acquired by "Borax" Smith who used it as the basis for construction of his massive interurban Key System causeway and ferry pier. On March 7, 1903, the Oakland and East Side Railroad acquired

609-485: The right-of-way of the California and Nevada on behalf of its parent company, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (see " paper railroad "). Santa Fe wanted the California & Nevada to gain access to Oakland from the Santa Fe's terminal at Richmond, California . The track beyond Richmond (from a point just north of today's El Cerrito Del Norte BART Station) to Orinda was abandoned. In 1903, Santa Fe converted

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638-489: The track was completed between Oakland and San Pablo via Emeryville. The track to Oak Grove (present day El Sobrante ) was completed on January 1, 1887. The first 10 miles (16 km) of the California & Nevada was built by its predecessor, the California & Mt. Diablo Railroad . The California & Mt. Diablo Railroad was organized on March 21, 1881, at Emery's, an unincorporated settlement which later became

667-412: The two drifts was excavated, and then the drifts were filled with concrete so that if the reinforced section breaks, the water will not wash out the dirt surrounding the tunnel. In the reinforced section, the reinforcement is weakened every 11 feet (3.4 m) along its length to allow the reinforced section to shear predictably in the event of a slip along the fault. The reinforced section is fitted with

696-693: The winter, mornings can be cold and frosty in downtown and lower-lying areas, while the higher hills surrounding the area may be several degrees warmer. The 2010 United States Census reported that Orinda had a population of 17,643, The population density was 1,389.5 inhabitants per square mile (536.5/km ), The racial makeup of Orinda was 14,533 (82.4%) White-American , 149 (0.8%) African American , 22 (0.1%) Native American , 2,016 (11.4%) Asian-American , 24 (0.1%) Pacific Islander , 122 (0.7%) from other races, and 777 (4.4%) from two or more races. There were 807 people (4.6%) of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race. The Census reported that 17,600 people (99.8% of

725-428: Was 47.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males. There were 6,804 housing units, at an average density of 535.8 per square mile (206.9/km ), of which 6,553 were occupied, of which 5,876 (89.7%) were owner-occupied, and 677 (10.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.2%. 16,010 people (90.7% of

754-413: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69. There were 5,202 families (79.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.03. The population was spread out, with 4,512 people (25.6%) under the age of 18, 729 people (4.1%) aged 18 to 24, 2,741 people (15.5%) aged 25 to 44, 6,111 people (34.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,550 people (20.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

783-540: Was abandoned by the Santa Fe in the early 1980s when the Santa Fe obtained trackage rights into Oakland via Southern Pacific Railroad's parallel line to the west – it was subsequently converted into the Richmond Greenway . Today, the Ohlone Greenway runs along the original California & Nevada right-of-way between El Cerrito Del Norte Station and Albany . A bicycle path follows the course of

812-536: Was changed to Orinda in 1895. Orinda was also the site of Bryant Station, a stop on the failed California and Nevada Railroad around the turn of the 20th century. Later, the area around Bryant Station was known as Orinda Crossroads. Orinda's popularity as a year-round residence grew after the 1937 completion of the Caldecott Tunnel , which provided easier access to the west. Bisected by California State Route 24 and framed by its rolling oak-covered hills,

841-558: Was originally rural, mainly known for ranching and summer cabins. The Moraga Adobe was built in 1841, and is the oldest building in the East Bay. In the late 19th century, the land was named by Alice Marsh Cameron, probably in honor of the poet Katherine Philips , who was also known as the "Matchless Orinda". In the 1880s, United States Surveyor General for California Theodore Wagner built an estate he named Orinda Park. The Orinda Park post office opened in 1888. The post office's name

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