Misplaced Pages

#414585

94-422: The Camps for Climate Action are campaign gatherings (similar to peace camps ) that take place to draw attention to, and act as a base for direct action against, major carbon emitters , as well as to develop ways to create a zero-carbon society. Camps are run on broadly anarchist principles – free to attend, supported by donations and with input from everyone in the community for the day-to-day operation of

188-713: A Bicycology tour from London via Lancaster . As the United Nations has reported that "livestock is a major threat to environment" all food is vegan , mostly organic and locally sourced to minimise food miles , provided by communal neighbourhood kitchens, many associated with the Social Centres Network . Climate camps started in the UK but have now taken place in a number of countries A camp happened in October 2009 at Helensburgh near Sydney , which

282-476: A landfill . Compost toilets , comprehensive recycling , grey water systems and a pedal-powered laundries. The site of the camp is divided into loosely bounded 'neighbourhoods', most corresponding to geographic region (one exception being the queer neighbourhood of the 2006 camp). Daily consensus-based meetings are held in each neighbourhood, with spokespeople sent to a central meeting. Power for lighting, radios, mobile phones, sound equipment and laptop computers

376-597: A "closing argument ad", an advertisement that summarizes the campaign's core themes and explains the candidate's vision for the future. In the 2020 election, Joe Biden's "Rising" ad starts with him saying "we're in a battle for the soul of this nation" and a worker in Donald Trump's Pennsylvania ad stated "that will be the end of my job and thousands of others" if Trump lost. Earned media describes free media coverage, often from news stories or social media posts. Unlike paid media, earned media does not incur an expense to

470-574: A bit more likely to turn out to vote. But there is also evidence that offering token public support for a cause on Facebook or Twitter may make one less likely to be involved in offline campaign activities" (Sides 2018). Now, online election campaign information can be shared in a rich information format through campaign landing pages, integrating Google's rich snippets, structured data, social media open graphs , and husting support file formats for YouTube like .sbv , .srt , and .vtt . High proficiency and effective algorithmic integration will be

564-455: A brochure for door to door distribution, organizing poll workers, etc. A paper campaign is a political campaign in which the candidate only files the necessary paperwork to appear on the ballot . The purpose of such a token effort may be simply to increase name awareness of a minor political party, to give voters of a certain ideology an opportunity to vote accordingly, or to ensure that the party has candidates in every constituency. It can be

658-456: A campaign has identified how to win, it can act to create the circumstances to bring about this victory. In order to succeed, campaigns should direct campaign resources – money, time, and message – to key groups of potential voters and nowhere else." Election campaign communication refers to party-controlled communication , e.g. campaign advertising , and party-uncontrolled communication , e.g. media coverage of elections. Campaign advertising

752-455: A cost-effective means of attracting media coverage. An informational campaign, by contrast, may involve news releases, newspaper interviews, door-to-door campaigning, and organizing polls. As the level of seriousness rises, the marginal cost of reaching more people rises accordingly, due to the high cost of TV commercials, paid staff, etc. which are used by competitive campaigns. Paper candidates do not expect to be elected and usually run simply as

846-539: A formal strategy known as the campaign plan . The plan takes account of a campaign's goal, message, target audience, and resources available. The campaign will typically seek to identify supporters at the same time as getting its message across. The modern, open campaign method was pioneered by Aaron Burr during the American presidential election of 1800 . Another modern campaign method by political scientist Joel Bradshaw points out four key propositions for developing

940-422: A lasting impression with the voters. In many elections, the opposition party will try to get the candidate "off message" by bringing up policy or personal questions that are not related to the talking points. Most campaigns prefer to keep the message broad in order to attract the most potential voters. A message that is too narrow can alienate voters or slow the candidate down with explaining details. For example, in

1034-515: A little bit like aid nurses. Like it's about having a helping hand. Being there to support people. The dresses were made from reclaimed fabrics. They were used for car seat padding. It's good to be reusing stuff." About the No Border Network : "The no border network is a tool for all groups and grass root organizations who work on the questions of migrants and asylum seekers in order to struggle along with them for freedom of movement, for

SECTION 10

#1732786874415

1128-413: A one-day event at Heathrow Airport , the site of the previous year's camp followed by a march across London to Kingsnorth power station , in common with seven other camps globally that were targeting coal . Over 200 workshops and debates were held during the camp, including ones with George Monbiot , Caroline Lucas , Arthur Scargill and John McDonnell . Arthur Scargill, former General Secretary of

1222-479: A party in the 2016 Berlin state election campaign found that the online-ad campaign "increased the party's vote share by 0.7 percentage points" and that factual ads were more effective than emotional ads. Political campaigns have existed as long as there have been informed citizens to campaign amongst. Democratic societies have regular election campaigns, but political campaigning can occur on particular issues even in non-democracies so long as freedom of expression

1316-820: A proposed draft policy toward media access during its 2007 event. The camp media team replied to the NUJ criticism by stating: "The policy is a compromise that attempts to provide reasonable media access whilst respecting participants' right to privacy". On 9 August 2007 the proposed policy was amended to remove any possibility of blacklisting some journalists or giving sympathetic journalists longer access. The 2008 camp ( 51°26′23″N -0°32′54″E  /  51.43972°N 0.54833°E  / 51.43972; 0.54833 ) took place in Kent, near E.ON UK 's Kingsnorth power station , and run from 4 to 11 August to highlight E.ON's plans to build another coal-fired power station , which would be

1410-556: A replica throwing star and a large chain and padlock. Assistant Chief Constable Gary Beautridge stated that while he believed the majority of the Climate Camp protesters to be peaceful, he was concerned that some had "more sinister intentions". In June, 2009, the Guardian released video evidence of alleged brutality by police officers at the camp against two women. They belonged to the campaign group, Fitwatch, who campaign against

1504-433: A successful campaign strategy. "First, in any election the electorate can be divided into three groups: the candidate's base, the opponent's base, and the undecided. Second, past election results, data from registered voter lists, and survey research make it possible to determine which people fall into each of these three groups. Third, it is neither possible nor necessary to get the support of all people. Fourth, and last, once

1598-451: A view of the camp and the associated actions. Political campaign The message of the campaign contains the ideas that the candidate wants to share with the voters. It is to get those who agree with their ideas to support them when running for a political position. The message often consists of several talking points about policy issues. The points summarize the main ideas of the campaign and are repeated frequently in order to create

1692-657: A way of helping the more general campaign. However, an unexpected surge in support for the party may result in many paper candidates being unexpectedly elected, as for example happened to the New Democratic Party in Quebec during the 2011 federal election . A 2018 study in the American Political Science Review found that campaigns have "an average effect of zero in general elections". The study found two instances where campaigning

1786-426: Is "to inspire people and empower them to identify challenges and take action in their local environment". Early 2005, a benefit event in aid of the tsunami disaster was organised in various venues around Nottingham . Two local artists made Geisha -like costumes and performed an interactive theatre piece on the streets, trying to get the public to interact with the costumes and the "wish fishes" to engage with

1880-445: Is allowed. Often mass campaigns are started by the less privileged or anti-establishment viewpoints (as against more powerful interests whose first resort is lobbying ). The phenomenon of political campaigns are tightly tied to lobby groups and political parties . The first modern campaign is often described as William Ewart Gladstone 's Midlothian campaign in 1878–80, although there may be earlier recognizably modern examples from

1974-441: Is an essential component of a successful political campaign. Studies show that candidates with higher media attention tend to have greater success in elections. Each form of media can influence the other. Paid media may raise the newsworthiness of an event which could lead to an increase in earned media. Campaigns may also spend money to emphasize stories circulating through media networks. Research suggests that neither form of media

SECTION 20

#1732786874415

2068-441: Is directly generated from spending. This form of media is commonly found through political advertisements and organized events. An advantage of paid media is that it allows political campaigns to tailor the messages they show the public and control when the public sees them. Campaigns often prioritize spending in contested regions and increase their paid media expenses as an election approaches. Electoral campaigns often conclude with

2162-565: Is inherently superior. A 2009 study found that media coverage was not significantly more effective than paid advertisements. The internet is now a core element of modern political campaigns. Communication technologies such as e-mail, websites, and podcasts for various forms of activism enable faster communications by citizen movements and deliver a message to a large audience. These Internet technologies are used for cause-related fundraising, lobbying, volunteering, community building, and organizing. Individual political candidates are also using

2256-416: Is less effective in increasing turnout than using local and trained volunteers. There are many different types of strategies that are also used during these campaigns that target certain people and try to win them over. people are also paid to help get candidates to vote for a certain side. In the book Campaigns and Elections , author John Sides says, "Campaigns involve a variety of actors. More visible are

2350-462: Is more ideologically moderate – predict presidential election outcomes. However, campaigns may be necessary to enlighten otherwise uninformed voters about the fundamentals, which thus become increasingly predictive of preferences as the campaign progresses. Research suggests that "the 2012 presidential campaigns increased turnout in highly targeted states by 7–8 percentage points, on average, indicating that modern campaigns can significantly alter

2444-519: Is saying. The fundamentals matter less in the outcome of presidential primaries. One prominent theory holds that the outcome of presidential primaries is largely determined by the preferences of party elites. Presidential primaries are therefore less predictive, as various types of events may impact elites' perception of the viability of candidates. Gaffes, debates and media narratives play a greater role in primaries than in presidential elections. Traditional ground campaigning and voter contacts remain

2538-453: Is the site of Australia 's oldest coal mine. The camp was on a squatted site in the Vale of York, situated close to several large power stations including Drax , a coal -fired power station which is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide in the UK. On 31 August 2006, up to 600 people attended a protest called Reclaim Power converging on Drax and attempted to shut it down. There

2632-504: Is the use of paid media (newspapers, radio, television, etc.) to influence the decisions made for and by groups. These ads are designed by political consultants and the campaign's staff . Media management refers to the ability of a political campaign to control the message that it broadcasts to the public. The forms of media used in political campaigns can be classified into two distinct categories: "paid media" or "earned media". There are times where some campaigns get little attention, but

2726-435: Is to ensure marketing campaigns achieve their objectives. They work with the marketing manager to create, execute and monitor the performance of campaigns and provide all the resources required to meet sales targets. Political consultants advise campaigns on virtually all of their activities, from research to field strategy. Consultants conduct candidate research, voter research, and opposition research for their clients. In

2820-658: The American Economic Review found that door-to-door canvassing on behalf of the Francois Hollande campaign in the 2012 French presidential election "did not affect turnout, but increased Hollande's vote share in the first round and accounted for one fourth of his victory margin in the second. Visits' impact persisted in later elections, suggesting a lasting persuasion effect." According to a 2018 study, repeated get-out-the-vote phone calls had diminishing effects but each additional phone call increased

2914-576: The 2005 G8 conference in Stirling in Scotland mooted the idea. Camps are organised through the preceding year with a series of monthly meetings, previously held in Manchester , Nottingham , Oxford , Leeds , Bristol , London , and Talamh (near Glasgow ). Much of the material used to create structures for the camp is reclaimed waste from building sites which would otherwise have been sent to

Camp for Climate Action - Misplaced Pages Continue

3008-423: The 2008 American presidential election John McCain originally used a message that focused on his patriotism and political experience: "Country First"; later the message was changed to shift attention to his role as "The Original Maverick" within the political establishment. Barack Obama ran on a consistent, simple message of "change" throughout his campaign. According to a 2024 study, political practitioners in

3102-518: The National Union of Mineworkers and Dave Douglass , attended the camp to represent many in the mining community who disagreed with the protesters' anti-coal position which they saw as a continuation of the state's assault against them stemming back to the UK miners' strike (1984–1985) . On Saturday 9 August the protesters attempted to shut down the power station. The day was organised to highlight

3196-467: The Terrorism Act 2006 , and took photos of protesters entering and leaving the camp. On Sunday 19 August there were scuffles between protesters and police officers outside the offices of BAA at Heathrow, which were being targeted in a day of direct action by some of the protesters. In relation to the 2007 the National Union of Journalists issued a public statement expressing "deep concern" over

3290-555: The 'AA Caravan' a group of around 10 people traveled from Greece via Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia and Hungary to the environmental youth Ecotopia gathering in Slovakia. The Caravan worked intensively with numerous groups over a 3-month period. List of groups involved List of actions The Camp for Climate Action , also known as the 'Climate Camp' was held in Barlow , Selby , North West Yorkshire , to push for action on

3384-448: The 1992, 1996, and 2000 elections. On the other hand, a 2017 paper of the 1948 presidential election provides "strong evidence that candidate visits can influence electoral returns". Other research also provides evidence that campaign visits increase vote share. Campaigns may also rely on strategically placed field offices to acquire votes. The Obama 2008 campaign's extensive use of field offices has been credited as crucial to winning in

3478-662: The 19th century. The 1896 William McKinley presidential campaign laid the groundwork for modern campaigns. In the 19th Century, American presidential candidates seldom traveled or made speeches in support of their candidacies. Through 1904, only eight major presidential candidates did so ( William Henry Harrison in 1840 , Winfield Scott in 1852 , Stephen A. Douglas in 1860 , Horatio Seymour in 1868 , Horace Greeley in 1872 , James A. Garfield in 1880 , James G. Blaine in 1884 , William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and 1900 , and Alton B. Parker in 1904 ), whereas every major presidential candidate since then has done so, with

3572-491: The Camp marked a turning point in grass-roots campaigning against the causes of climate change. It would later be revealed that police undercover office Mark Kennedy (police officer) had been involved in the planning for the protests and had been arrested twice during the camp, once at Hartlepool Nuclear Power Station where he locked onto a gate with a bicycle lock around his neck, and a second time close to Draw power station on

3666-495: The United States poorly predict what kind of messaging is persuasive to the public. The study found that practitioners performed barely better than chance at predicting persuasive effects; practitioners performed about as well as laypeople in predicting persuasive effects; and that practitioners’ experience, expertise, information environment, and demographics did affect their accuracy. Fundraising techniques include having

3760-533: The benefits of in-person organizing." According to a 2020 study, campaign spending on messaging to voters affects voter support for candidates. Another 2020 study found that political advertising had small effects regardless of context, message, sender, and receiver. A 2022 study found that voters are persuadable to switch support for candidates when they are exposed to new information. Political science research generally finds negative advertisement (which has increased over time) to be ineffective both at reducing

3854-514: The camp. Shops and local pubs reported good business and police presence was keep very low profile and unobtrusive. The Telegraph described it as "the cheapest – and chic-est – date in the summer festival calendar". Climate Camp TV provided a view of the camp and the associated actions. Between 17 and 18 October 2009, protesters from Camp for Climate Action, Climate Rush and Plane Stupid , took part in 'The Great Climate Swoop' at Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station . The police arrested 10 people before

Camp for Climate Action - Misplaced Pages Continue

3948-640: The camp. The ruling was sought under the auspices of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997. In the end BAA won a more limited injunction and the camp went ahead. Policing for the camp was estimated to have cost £7 million by Scotland Yard . The Evening Standard put the costs at £70 million. In 2007 the police made preventive searches under Section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 . The Police carried out some searches, including some vehicles, under Section 44 of

4042-561: The camp. In March 2009 the Independent Police Complaints Commission said there was significant public concern at the policing of the camp which should be addressed. These included issues about misconduct, but also in regard to operational tactics including claims that officers used loud music at night to disrupt protesters who were trying to sleep. Before the camp started police claimed they had found weapons hidden in nearby woods which included knives,

4136-665: The camp. Initiated in the UK , camps have taken place in England at Drax power station , Heathrow Airport , Kingsnorth power station in Kent , the City of London and The Royal Bank of Scotland Headquarters, near Edinburgh . During 2009 camps also took place in Canada , Denmark , France , Ireland , Netherlands / Belgium , Scotland , Wales and Australia . The Camp for Climate Action, first came into being in 2006, after activists at

4230-416: The campaign in the state, which can be sufficient to win a close race. In down-ballot races, spending matters more. Scholars have estimated that a $ 2 million advantage can net a Senate campaign 10,000 votes. A large body of political science research emphasizes how "fundamentals" – the state of the economy, whether the country is at war, how long the president's party has held the office, and which candidate

4324-433: The campaign. Earned media does not imply that the political campaign is mentioned in a positive manner. Political campaigns may often receive earned media from gaffes or scandals. In the 2016 United States Presidential Election, a majority of the media coverage surrounding Hillary Clinton was focused on her scandals, with the most prevalent topics being topics related to her emails. Experts say that effective media management

4418-429: The campaigns are started. Voters are more likely to vote for a nominee based on whose values align closest with theirs. Studies suggest that party flips come from the analysis of how a voter sees their parties performance in the years before a campaign even begins. Another study suggests that at the 2017 Austrian legislative election , 31% of voters admitted to either developing of changing their party preferences during

4512-412: The candidate call or meet with large donors, sending direct mail pleas to small donors, and courting interest groups who could end up spending millions on the race if it is significant to their interests. In a modern political campaign, the campaign organization (or "machine") will have a coherent structure of personnel in the same manner as any business of similar size. A campaign manager's primary duty

4606-578: The candidates themselves. Their strategic choices involve every facet of a campaign: whether to run in the first place, what issues to emphasize, what specific messages or themes to discuss, which kinds of media to use, and which citizens to target." According to political scientists Donald Green and Alan Gerber, it costs $ 31 to produce a vote going door to door, $ 91-$ 137 to produce a vote by sending out direct mailers, $ 47 per vote from leafletting, $ 58-$ 125 per vote from commercial phone banking, and $ 20-$ 35 per vote from voluntary phone banking. A 2018 study in

4700-450: The context of political campaigns, activists are "foot soldiers" loyal to a campaign's cause. As supporters, they promote the campaign as volunteer activists. Such volunteers and interns may take part in activities such as canvassing door-to-door and making phone calls on behalf of the campaigns. A campaign team (which may be as small as one inspired individual, or a heavily resourced group of professionals) must consider how to communicate

4794-548: The core factor in the framework. This technology integration helps campaign information reach a wide audience in split-seconds. This was successfully tested and implemented in the 2015 Aruvikkara election and the 2020 Kerala elections . Marcus Giavanni, social media consultant, blockchain developer and second place opponent in the 2015 Denver mayoral election , was first to file for the 2019 election . Marcus Giavanni used advanced algorithms, artificial intelligence, and voice indexing predictions to box in campaigns. A husting, or

SECTION 50

#1732786874415

4888-401: The day of action, where he was beaten by fellow police officers and arrested for assault. The 2007 camp ( 51°29′20″N 0°26′43″W  /  51.48889°N 0.44528°W  / 51.48889; -0.44528 ) ran from 14 to 21 August 2007 near London Heathrow Airport next to the village of Sipson on a disused sports ground owned by Imperial College London . Sipson would disappear from

4982-527: The election campaign. The study provides data that shows how the main parties within Austria had differing levels of voters flipping toward them, thus proving that an election campaign has some level of effectiveness that differs between parties, depending on factors such as media presence. In presidential campaigns in the United States, research indicates that a $ 10 million advantage in spending in an individual states leads to approximately 27,000 more votes for

5076-452: The first to be built in thirty years in the UK. The action was also to highlight what is seen as an expansion to the fossil fuel economy, by corporations and government, and what activists claim is a demand for the opposite by scientific consensus. Furthermore, the camp attempted to challenge the businesses which will profit from the agrofuel industry, which they see as false solutions to the problems of climate change. The camp began with

5170-569: The freedom for all to stay in the place which they have chosen, against repression and the many controls which multiply the borders everywhere in all countries". List of actions The Art and Activism Caravan was a project initiated by the Amsterdam -based youth organisation European Youth For Action in which The Mischief Makers took part. Its idea was to "support and connect youth, campaign, community and activist groups, their actions and campaigns with creative forms of activism.". Also known as

5264-432: The hustings, was originally a physical platform from which representatives presented their views or cast votes before a parliamentary or other election body. By metonymy, the term may now refer to any event, such as debates or speeches, during an election campaign where one or more of the representative candidates are present. An informational campaign is a political campaign designed to raise public awareness and support for

5358-566: The impact on climate change with activists marching to Kingsnorth power station. Violent scenes developed between the police and the protesters. On 11 August 2008, several protesters from Oxford and Thames Valley Climate Action glued their hands to the doors of BHP Billiton's headquarters in Victoria, London to protest of the use of coal as a fuel. 1,500 officers were involved at an estimated cost of £5.9m, there were over 100 arrests and some 2000 'potentially harmful' items were confiscated At

5452-568: The internet to promote their election campaign. In a study of Norwegian election campaigns, politicians reported they used social media for marketing and for dialogue with voters. Facebook was the primary platform for marketing and Twitter was used for more continuous dialogue. Signifying the importance of internet political campaigning, Barack Obama's presidential campaign relied heavily on social media , Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) and new media channels to engage voters, recruit campaign volunteers, and raise campaign funds . The campaign brought

5546-498: The issue of climate change . Over 600 people came together for 10 days to follow workshops , share skills and take action . The camp was set up near Drax power station , the largest coal fired power station in Europe and the biggest single contributor to CO 2 emissions in the UK. The Mischief Makers made a giant ostrich puppet which was taken on the 'kids march' to Drax Power Station on Thursday, 31 August 2006, and seized by

5640-562: The issues related to the disaster. Afterwards, the costumes were altered and used as an interactive way of engaging with people on the issues of debt , poverty and climate change as the Summit of the G8 was approaching. During the spring of 2005, various kimono -making workshops asked people to "join the geisha of gaiety on a passionate mission of peace and progression, when 8 men think to meet undisturbed, unruffled and untroubled to decide upon

5734-407: The location of the camp secret from the police until the first day of the camp. About 1000 people arrived on the first day with the police adopting a low-key 'community policing' approach and using Twitter for the first time to communicate with protesters and senior officers held five meetings with protesters to prepare for the event. A number of protests at locations around London took place during

SECTION 60

#1732786874415

5828-548: The map if the third runway at Heathrow was built. During the camp there were also protests by Plane Stupid , who were injuncted from protesting at Heathrow. On 13 August Plane Stupid activists boarded a barge transporting an Airbus A380 wing and on 16 August at London Biggin Hill Airport . On 19 August, the final day of the camp some 1000-1400 people took part in a 'Day of Action' and 200 people blockaded British Airports Authority HQ. BAA's proposed an injunction against

5922-415: The market that hosts a visit." The authors of the study argue that it would be more effective for campaigns to go to the pockets of the country where wealthy donors are (for fundraising) and hold rallies in the populous states both to attract national press and raise funds. A 2005 study found that campaign visits had no statistically significant effect, after controlling for other factors, on voter turnout in

6016-603: The message of solidarity with refugees and those seeking asylum in the UK. One Solidarity Sister explains: "We have appeared in these costumes a couple of times in Nottingham and in Sheffield. We dress in little white dresses, with one of us in lederhosen and hats and bags. It's about showing solidarity. It's more a sort of universal image. On the bands and the skirts there's lots of images of people holding hands. It's about spreading equality, friendship and acceptance. We look

6110-443: The message of the campaign, recruit volunteers, and raise money. Campaign advertising draws on techniques from commercial advertising and propaganda , also entertainment and public relations, a mixture dubbed politainment . The avenues available to political campaigns when distributing their messages is limited by the law, available resources, and the imagination of the campaigns' participants. These techniques are often combined into

6204-464: The most affected area, has been dealing with various health problems as a consequence of the nearby incinerator . The Mischief Makers have supported the NAIL Campaign on numerous occasions with bannerdrops, awareness raising, fundraising and during demonstrations and protests with costumes , puppets and performance. About the campaign: "NAIL (Nottingham Against Incineration and Landfill)

6298-634: The most effective strategies. Some research suggests that knocking on doors can increase turnout by as much as 10% and phone calls by as much as 4%. One study suggests that lawn signs increase vote share by 1.7 percentage points. A review of more than 200 get-out-the-vote experiments finds that the most effective tactics are personal: Door-to-door canvassing increases turnout by an average of about 2.5 percentage points; volunteer phone calls raise it by about 1.9 points, compared to 1.0 points for calls from commercial phone banks; automated phone messages are ineffective. Using out-of-state volunteers for canvassing

6392-499: The ones that do get highlighted for the effectiveness and dramatic events. In the book Campaigns and Elections by author John Sides, it says, "For those that do get attention, media coverage often emphasizes what is new, dramatic, or scandalous. Unlike the candidates themselves, the news media or at least those outlets that strive for objectivity are not seeking to manipulate citizens into voting for their particular candidates." (Sides 2018). Paid media refers to any media attention that

6486-422: The police began letting people leave at about 11:30   pm and cleared the area of the last protesters at about 2   am. The camp at Blackheath ( 51°28′17″N 0°0′14″E  /  51.47139°N 0.00389°E  / 51.47139; 0.00389 ) was set up on 26 August on Blackheath Common , which was the site of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt and was due to run until 2 September. The organisers kept

6580-539: The police. Chief Inspector Barry Smith told the BBC "a giant home-made ostrich had been seized by police, and found to be containing tools which could have been used by demonstrators to chain themselves to fences". More coverage from the Climate Camp can be found on UK Indymedia. In September 2006, the Mischief Makers started to support the work of unions and other group opposing the cuts and privatisation of

6674-405: The positions of a candidate (or her/his party). It is more intense than a paper campaign, which consists of little more than filing the necessary papers to get on the ballot, but is less intense than a competitive campaign, which aims to actually win election to the office. An informational campaign typically focuses on low-cost outreach such as news releases, getting interviewed in the paper, making

6768-575: The probability to vote by 0.6-1.0 percentage points. Another 2018 study found that "party leaflets boost turnout by 4.3 percentage points while canvassing has a small additional effect (0.6 percentage points)" in a United Kingdom election. A 2016 study found that visits by a candidate to states have modest effects: "visits are most effective in influencing press coverage at the national level and within battleground states. Visits' effects on voters themselves, however, are much more modest than consultants often claim, and visits appear to have no effects outside

6862-539: The protest arguing that climate change did not constitute a justifiable reason for civil disobedience. In response activists said that the urgency of responding to potential extreme climate change did indeed provide sufficient justification. The camp was set up on 18 August in the grounds of The Royal Bank of Scotland Headquarters, Gogarburn , near Edinburgh , to protest against the banks involvement in financing environmentally damaging activities, particularly Canadian Tar Sands and ran until 25 August. The organisers took

6956-426: The protest began on suspicion of conspiracy to cause criminal damage. Some 1,000 people took part, and during the first day groups of up to several hundred people pulled down security fencing at a number of points around the plant. Fifty six arrests were made during the protest and there were a number of injuries to Police and Protestors, including one policeman who was airlifted to hospital. A spokesman for E.ON, which

7050-463: The road reading 'Nature doesn't do bailouts'. At about 7   pm the police stopped allowing people to enter or leave the protest. The police advanced on protesters who put their hands in the air and resisted while chanting "This is not a riot" which is a tactic that emerged over the course of a number of Camp for Climate Action gatherings. There were scuffles with the police. Within the cordon people carried on playing music and preparing food and until

7144-399: The site the day before the publicly announced date, in order to avoid the police. Actions took place across the week against RBS, and other companies involved in environmentally damaging industries, as well as various workshops on a range of environmental, social and climate change issues: A number of protests at locations around Edinburgh took place during the camp. Climate Camp TV provided

7238-486: The size and composition of the voting population". A consensus in the political science literature holds that national conventions usually have a measurable effect on presidential elections that is relatively resistant to decay. Research is mixed on the precise impact of debates. Rather than encourage viewers to update their political views in accordance with the most persuasive arguments, viewers instead update their views to merely reflect what their favored candidate

7332-507: The sole exception of Calvin Coolidge in 1924 . In 1896, William McKinley recruited the help of Marcus A. Hanna. Hanna devised a plan to have voters come to McKinley. McKinley won the race with 51% of the votes. The development of new technologies has completely changed the way political campaigns are run. In the late 20th Century, campaigns shifted into television and radio broadcasts. The early 2000s brought interactive websites. By 2008

7426-430: The spotlight on the importance of using internet in new-age political campaigning by utilizing various forms of social media and new media (including Facebook, YouTube and a custom generated social engine) to reach new target populations. The campaign's social website, my.BarackObama.com, utilized a low cost and efficient method of mobilizing voters and increasing participation among various voter populations. This new media

7520-726: The states of Indiana and North Carolina. Each field office that the Obama campaign opened in 2012 gave him approximately a 0.3% greater vote share. According to one study, the cost per vote by having a field office is $ 49.40. A 2024 study found "that campaign offices help candidates in small but meaningful ways, delivering modest but quantifiable increases in candidate vote share in the areas where they open... Field offices can increase candidate vote share, but their value differs across parties: Democrats benefit more in battleground states and populous areas, while Republicans’ largely rural base of support in recent years provides challenges for maximizing

7614-399: The support and turnout for the opponent. A 2021 study in the American Political Science Review found that television campaign ads do affect election outcomes, in particular in down-ballot races. According to political scientists Stephen Ansolabehere and Shanto Iyengar, negative ads do succeed at driving down overall turnout though. A 2019 study of online political advertising conducted by

7708-496: The time ministers at the time claimed that 70 officers had been injured in the course of their duties, though a Freedom of Information request later showed these included sunburn and wasp stings, and none were caused by protesters. At the time local MP Bob Marshall-Andrews said that some policing was "provocative and heavy-handed" and Caroline Lucas MEP condemned police tactics, which included riot police , pepper spray and routine stop and search of everyone entering and leaving

7802-548: The use of forward intelligence teams . They spotted several officers who did not have visible epaulettes and when they asked the officers to reveal their identities they were arrested. The Camp in the City ( 51°30′55″N 0°04′57″W  /  51.5152°N 0.0825°W  / 51.5152; -0.0825 ) took place on 1 April 2009 was one of a number of protests associated with the G20 London Summit . The aim

7896-747: The world of campaigns was available to millions of people through the internet and social media programs. 2008 marked a new era of digital elections because of the fast-paced movement of information. The Mischief Makers The Mischief Makers are a group of activists and artists based in Nottingham , UK, who formed early 2005 as a creative response to the G8 Summit , held at Gleneagles Hotel , Scotland, in July that year. The collective uses creativity to support community, environmental and social justice campaigns , and activist groups. The group's aim

7990-631: The worlds future". A "Geisha Bloc" took part in the Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh on 2 July, and others took their costumes to the camp in Stirling for direct action planned to disturb the summit. List of earlier actions Nottingham Against Incineration and Landfill stepped up its campaign mid-2005 after the proposed expansion of Eastcroft Incinerator was announced. The expansion has been controversial as Sneinton ,

8084-579: Was a 'kids march' to Drax Power Station, with a giant ostrich puppet, made by The Mischief Makers . Two protesters climbed a lighting pylon at the edge of the Drax site and four others broke through the fence. Thirty-eight protesters were arrested. The police reported that work at the power plant was not disrupted. Other protests arising from the camp included a protest against a nuclear power station in Hartlepool , Teesside . The Guardian reported that

8178-546: Was caused by their prolonged exposure to pollution from Eastcroft incinerator. The group developed and was joined by local residents of the Eastcroft Incinerator. We have since gained growing support, since the expansion announcement." List of actions In October 2005, a new piece called 'The Solidarity Sisters' was developed to support the work of the No Borders Network, whose aim is to spread

8272-431: Was effective: "First, when candidates take unusually unpopular positions and campaigns invest unusually heavily in identifying persuadable voters. Second, when campaigns contact voters long before election day and measure effects immediately — although this early persuasion decays." One reason why it is hard to judge the effectiveness of an election campaign is because many people know who they want to vote for long before

8366-497: Was granted a High Court injunction giving police the power to arrest anyone who tried to enter the site, said: "There aren't any winners or losers here. It was a less than peaceful protest. "Protesters were hurt, policemen were hurt and the power station carried on producing energy regardless. "I don't think it added anything to the debate on the UK's energy future." After the event Julian Baggini , writing in The Times , criticised

8460-400: Was incredibly successful at reaching the younger population while helping all populations organize and promote action. In the book Campaigns and Elections author John sides also speaks upon this on page 235 and says, "Online communities can still promote involvement in campaigns: large experiments on Facebook found that users who saw that their Facebook friends had reported voting were themselves

8554-409: Was originally set up in 2002 by a group of local environmental campaigners. We decided to form a pressure group, when a woman who developed breast cancer approached members of Nottingham Greenpeace . She claimed that there was two other ladies, who shared her office for many years overlooking the incinerator plant, had also developed cancer, one of whom had died. They were believed that their condition

8648-423: Was supplied by solar panels and a wind turbine . Biodiesel from recycled cooking oil was available for vehicles. Cooking used conventional propane cylinders. In 2007 a satellite up-link was installed, together with a media tent with ten laptop computers, this was also used to send media to the press as well as Indymedia UK . There is a strong emphasis on the use of bicycles and public transport , including

8742-656: Was to draw attention to carbon trading . The camp took place outside the European Climate Exchange in Bishopsgate and was distinct from the G-20 Meltdown protest that took place outside the Bank of England . Camp for Climate Action organisers agreed to meet with police and exchange contact details shortly before the protest. The meeting was arranged by Liberal Democrat MP David Howarth , who

8836-489: Was to mediate at the meeting which was to take place at the House of Commons . Scotland Yard confirmed that a meeting was to take place with Bob Broadhurst (police commander) and Ian Thomas (chief superintendent). The camp, which was intended to last for 24 hours, started at 12:30   pm when a camp was established in a section of Bishopsgate between Threadneedle Street and London Wall with tents set up and bunting across

#414585