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32-608: Cressingham Gardens is a council garden estate in Lambeth . It is located on the southern edge of Brockwell Park . It comprises 306 dwellings, a mixture of four, three and two-bedroom houses, and one-bedroom apartments. It was designed at the end of the 1960s by the Lambeth Borough Council Architect Edward Hollamby and second architect Roger Westman , and built at the start of the 1970s. In 2012 Lambeth Council proposed demolishing

64-671: A better term to describe estates that are receiving minimal investment in amenities, infrastructure, and public spaces. She cited the regeneration of the Packington estate in Islington and the Ocean estate in Tower Hamlets as examples of how estates can be revitalised with increased public investment. Sink estates are often associated with crime and programmes to regenerate these estates include crime-reduction strategies, such as

96-578: A garden, the alternative accommodation offered will be an apartment in a tower block on a sink estate , a possibility not precluded by the Council's 'Tenants - Key guarantees' document. The overwhelming majority of residents on the estate fear that they will lose the friendly and helpful neighbours and the benefit of living in mutually supportive community. On 23 November 2021, the Lambeth council's planning subcommittee approved plans to demolish parts of

128-464: A location a developer could plan on selling a two bedroom apartment for between half and three quarters of a million pounds. In a similar scheme in at the Heygate Estate , Elephant and Castle , a one bedroom apartment sells for £569,000, and a two bedroom apartment for £801,000. In order for the maximum value of the site to be realised, the proposed development will be a gated community. There

160-580: A mutually supportive community amongst the ethnically and socially diverse residents on the estate. The good indication of mutual cooperation between those on the estate is seen in the YouTube video they produced as part of their campaign to save their estate, their homes, and their community. There are three areas where its innovative urban design has resulted in improvement over an estate of multi-storey apartment blocks. Lambeth Council have stated that it would cost £9.4 million (£30,000 per dwelling) to fix

192-412: Is a housing estate planned and built for the rehousing of people from decaying inner city areas, pioneered by Ted Hollamby at Cressingham Gardens , Lambeth , in the 1960s. It was a reaction to the philosophy of Ernő Goldfinger , Lubetkin and Le Corbusier who saw a housing estate as an architectural monument. Hollamby sought an anti- monumental architecture, to design for the wishes and needs of

224-515: Is not an option, and that in contribution to solving the housing crisis they are committed to proving a thousand new dwellings at council rent levels over the next four years. The council say they could achieve this objective through a process of estate regeneration. However, several properties in the estate have been derelict for more than twenty years. There are many people in council dwellings, in Brixton, Lambeth Walk, and Stockwell who do not trust

256-512: Is now a generic design for such developments. The apartments for private sale are in a tower block on top of a car park. Entrance to the car park is through a barred gate, managed remotely by a security company. This was the standard design on display at the MIPIM property fair. The block for social housing has a separate entrance, which will tend to prevent social interaction between private owners and social housing tenants. Lambeth Council claim that

288-693: Is that Cressingham Gardens deserves listing under both categories. The combination of Roger Westman's urban design innovations in Cressingham Gardens created an architectural model, the Council garden estate , a pedestrianized estate of houses with gardens, in which all the properties are let at council rent levels. As a pioneer of green architecture, Westman wished for more green spaces in London's mainly concrete social housing projects. This has since become an important model for inner-city housing, as

320-499: The Housing Committee. The deputy chairman of the housing committee was Sir John Major . The committee recognized the exceptional importance of the innovative design and minuted 'congratulations to Cressingham's architects on their ‘bold and imaginative scheme'. The initial contract for the building estate was for £1.58 million, or approximately £5,500 per dwelling. If the retail price index is used to convert to 2015 prices

352-7448: The United Kingdom Greater London Barking and Dagenham Becontree Barnet Grahame Park Brent Stonebridge St Raphael's Estate South Kilburn Church Road Estate Chalkhill Estate Watling Estate Camden Alexandra Road Estate Ampthill Square Estate Bacton Estate Bourne Estate Branch Hill Brunswick Centre Chalcots Estate Denton Estate Dunboyne Road Estate Gospel Oak Estates Whittington Estate Holly Lodge Estate Kiln Place Estate Lamble Street Ludham and Waxham Estate Maiden Lane North Kentish Town Estate Ossulston Estate Regent's Park Estate Southfleet Estate Wendling Estate City of London Golden Lane Estate Ealing South Acton Estate Greenwich Ferrier Estate Middle Park Estate Thamesmead Hackney New Kingshold Estate New Era Estate Nightingale Estate Pembury Estate Trowbridge Estate Haringey Broadwater Farm Hammersmith and Fulham Clement Attlee Estate Hounslow Ivybridge Estate Islington Andover Estate Barnsbury Estate Harvist Estate Kensington and Chelsea Lancaster West Cheltenham Estate (Trellick Tower) Kingston New Cambridge Estate Lambeth Angell Town Estate Cressingham Gardens Central Hill Myatt's Fields South Estate Lewisham Downham Estate Bellingham Excalibur Estate Newham Carpenters Estate Richmond upon Thames Ludovick Walk Southwark Aylesbury Estate Brandon Estate Heygate Estate Ledbury Estate North Peckham Estate Avondale Estate Sceaux Gardens Estate Silwood Estate Southwark Park Estate Sutton Roundshaw Estate St Helier Tower Hamlets Aberfeldy Estate Boundary Estate Brownfield Estate ( Balfron Tower ) Cranbrook Estate Lansbury Estate Keeling House Robin Hood Gardens Samuda Estate St John's Estate Waltham Forest Cathall Estate Beaumont Road Estate Wandsworth Alton Estate Dover House Estate (Roehampton Estate) Ashburton Estate Totterdown Fields Winstanley and York Road Estate Westminster Churchill Gardens West Midlands Birmingham Bromford Castle Vale Charlemont Druids Heath Erdington Hawkesley Hamstead Kings Norton Perry Beeches Quinton New Town The Sentinels Weoley Castle Dudley Wren's Nest Priory Estate Kates Hill Russells Hall Estate Beacon Estate Chapel Street Estate , Brierley Hill Tanhouse , Halesowen Sandwell Hateley Heath , West Bromwich Tantany , West Bromwich Friar Park , Wednesbury Tibbington , Tipton Tividale Hall/Grace Mary Estate Lion Farm , Oldbury Galton Village , Smethwick Brickhouse Farm Solihull Chelmsley Wood Cranmore Walsall Coal Pool Blakenall Heath Beechdale , Walsall Bentley ,(formerly Darlaston ) Mossley Estate Wolverhampton Heath Town Low Hill Ashmore Park , Wednesfield The Lunt , Bilston Greater Manchester Manchester Wythenshawe Hulme Crescents Bury Woodhill Fairfield Rochdale Langley Stockport Brinnington Adswood Tameside Hattersley Haughton Green Salford Irlam Yorkshire West Yorkshire Leeds Belle Isle Cottingley Cross Gates Gipton Halton Moor Hunslet Grange Flats (Leek Street) Lincoln Green , Burmantofts Lovell Park Little London Quarry Hill flats Seacroft Bradford Allerton Buttershaw Holme Wood Ravenscliffe Thorpe Edge City of Wakefield Airedale Chequerfield Flanshaw Horsefair flats Lupset Peacock South Yorkshire Sheffield Brightside Manor Park Hill Gleadless Valley Grimethorpe Doncaster Balby North Yorkshire York Clifton Tanghall Foxwood Middlesbrough Coulby Newham Grove Hill Stockton-on-Tees Ingleby Barwick East Riding of Yorkshire Kingston upon Hull Bransholme Orchard Park Merseyside Liverpool Norris Green Speke Stockbridge Village Wirral Beechwood Woodchurch East Midlands Derbyshire Gamesley Nottingham Clifton St Ann's The Meadows South coast Portsmouth Paulsgrove Havant Leigh Park Southampton Millbrook Redbridge Oxfordshire Oxford Blackbird Leys North East Newcastle upon Tyne Byker Sunderland Pennywell Scotland Glasgow Arden The Gorbals Garthamlock Barlanark Easterhouse Castlemilk Drumchapel Barmulloch Milton Cranhill Pollok Red Road Ruchazie Penilee Priesthill Sighthill Blackhill Toryglen Wellhouse Wyndford Edinburgh Wester Hailes West Pilton East Pilton Muirhouse Niddrie / Craigmillar / Greendykes Moredun Oxgangs Broomhouse / Sighthill Cables Wynd House Dumbiedykes Lochend Gilmerton Dundee Whitfield Northern Ireland Greater Belfast Poleglass Rathcoole Wales Bridgend Brackla Milford Haven Mount Estate Wrexham Caia Park Cardiff Ely, Cardiff Newport Bettws Town planning Cottage estate Overspill estate Council garden estate List of LCC estates Tower block Council house Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_garden_estate&oldid=1149572862 " Categories : Urban decay Urban economics Town and country planning in

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384-639: The United Kingdom Housing in the United Kingdom Sink estate The phrase came into usage in the 1980s, and was used by then- Prime Minister Tony Blair in 1998, when he referred to "so-called sink estates" in a speech, such as the since-demolished Aylesbury Estate . Writing in The Guardian , Victoria Pinoncely has argued that the term reinforces a sense of segregation, suggesting that "starved" would be

416-477: The application had been unsuccessful. Tour members were astonished as they had seen buildings which had been given listed status, which were of far less merit than Cressingham Gardens. Their view was that a strong case could, and should be made for giving Cressingham Gardens listed status, and backing obtained for the application from those with influence. Listed building status is granted under two headings: Historical interest and important architectural model. The case

448-527: The below listed by the New Statesman : The writer and social activist Byron Vincent has referred to himself as coming from a sink estate, and spoken about his experiences with being bullied whilst young, and later spells of drug addiction and homelessness. He has argued that locating people with social and fiscal problems in the same area is "an idiotic idea that is destined to create a culture of perpetually spiralling criminality. A 2014 report by

480-402: The benefit of providing houses with gardens for those who can only afford to rent. It was a reaction to the failure of council estates of multi-storey apartment blocks to provide a good family homes. Westman and Hollamby's innovative design showed how it was possible using low rise dwellings, to achieve the same residential density as estate of multi-storey apartment blocks; and how pedestrianizing

512-415: The costs are: £24 million for the build, with a cost per dwelling of £80,000. The building of Cressingham Gardens was interrupted by a national building strike, and the contractors terminated the contract. In 1970 Lambeth Council became Labour controlled. To complete the estate, the new housing committee, on the advice of Ken Livingstone , who was deputy chairman, authorized the use direct labour . Building

544-619: The council, they fear that the council is engaged in a policy of gentrification , and the real aim of the redevelopment is to increase property values in the borough, to the benefit of owner occupiers in Herne Hill, West Dulwich, and Streatham. Those renting from the council fear that tenants who lose their homes in redevelopment projects will be relocated out of the borough, and building the new dwellings to allow them to return, will be delayed indefinitely. The families in Cressingham Gardens fear that when they are evicted from their house with

576-502: The decision to remove options 1, 2 and 3 from the consultation was unlawful. Cressingham Gardens is shown in Open House London. This is billed as London's greatest architectural festival, on which great architecture from all periods is on display for free. On a tour of the estate were those interested in great architecture. They were told that an application had been made for Cressingham Gardens to be granted listed status, and

608-681: The dominant architectural model for council housing. The seminal study Family and Kinship in East London showed that such apartments did not prove as satisfactory a family home as a house with a garden. By the 1970s many councils were returning to building houses, rather than multi-storey apartment blocks, and Lambeth Council was a leader in this trend. As Borough Architect, Ted Hollamby had designed different types of council dwellings, tower blocks, tenements, houses. He 'passionately believed that council housing should be as good, if not better than private housing'. His design for Cressingham Gardens

640-424: The dwellings, bulldozing the gardens and felling the trees on the site. On the cleared site multi-storey apartment blocks would be built. There will be more dwellings, 464 apartments will replace 306 houses, and apartments; but new development will be mostly one and two bedroom apartments, there will be no four bedroom houses with gardens. Hence the residential density in terms of bedrooms per hectare will approximately

672-513: The estate allowed much better use of the space between the dwellings, as this space could be used for gardens rather than car parks and access roads. The 1969 Lambeth Council was controlled by the Conservative Party . The Conservatives, at that time, believed that the council should provide homes for all those who could not afford to buy a house. In inner London, in the 1950s and 1960s, estates with multi-storey apartment blocks provided

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704-686: The estate and rebuild twenty new houses at Cressingham Gardens. On 17 July 2015 the high court ruled that Eva Bokrosova's request for judicial review of Lambeth Council decision to only consider options for demolishing Cressingham Gardens. The court was told that Lambeth Council originally consulted on five options: At the High Court Mr Justice Holman granted permission to allow Ms Bokrosova to challenge Lambeth Council's decision to ‘abruptly close down’ consultation on options 1–3, options which were strongly supported by residents. On November 24 Mrs Justice Elisabeth Laing ruled that

736-473: The estate up to modern standards, as the justification for its planned demolition. The council-appointed consulting structural engineers identified the following problems: Although the estate has not always been properly maintained, it has enabled a high quality of life for its residents. Ted Hollamby wanted to ensure that design of the estate led to a community developing, In this he was successful. 'Overwhelmingly, residents talk of their friendly neighbours and

768-410: The estate's strong sense of community – they look out for each other, keep an eye on each other's children'. The social mix of residents in Cressingham Gardens is the same as in the sink estates of Lambeth. The probable cause of the community spirit is that the pedestrianized avenues of the estate provide an area for friendly, neighbourly social interactions. It is these social interactions have led to

800-429: The estate, to replace the terraced houses by apartment blocks. Most of the apartments would then be for sale to the private sector. The residents, those in Lambeth who wish to prevent the gentrification of the borough, and those who want to conserve what they believe to be important architectural heritage, are campaigning to prevent its demolition. Its design was inspired by the social reformers who advocated, and showed

832-499: The model allows very high residential densities, and it has been shown to enable a high quality of life for residents. In May 2021 the Twentieth Century Society placed the site on its Top 10 Buildings at Risk List. Council garden estate [REDACTED] Cressingham Gardens in London, where the tenants maintain the gardens and walkways A council garden estate

864-606: The people. High density (250 persons per ha) was achieved by pedestrianising the estate and having external car-parking References [ edit ] ^ "Cressingham Gardens, Lambeth: 'warm and informal…one of the nicest small schemes in England" . Municipal Dreams . 16 September 2014 . Retrieved 8 December 2015 . ^ Mulholland, John C. "The Case for Saving Cressingham Gardens" . Retrieved 8 November 2015 . v t e Large or notable council housing estates in

896-495: The plan to demolish council houses is to enable more council dwellings to be built. They say that 'London is faced with the greatest housing crisis since the Second World War', They also say that they are paying for 1,800 families to live in temporary accommodation, they have on their books 1,300 families living in severely overcrowded conditions, and 20,000, families on their waiting list. Lambeth Council say that inaction

928-457: The same. A minority of the new dwellings will be for rent, the aspiration is 40%, the majority will be for sale to private buyers. What makes it profitable for a property developer to knock down 306 council houses and build 190 new apartments to replace them, is that he can sell 274 apartments. The site is a prime location. It has direct access to Brockwell Park and good transport links with Gatwick Airport and St Pancras International . In such

960-406: The structural defects on the estate. They further state that the £30,000 per dwelling to do the necessary repairs is three times what they can afford. Instead they are proposing to redevelop the site in partnership with a property developer. The developer would pay for the site by agreeing to build apartments for social housing. Creating the vacant building plot required, will entail, demolishing all

992-411: The three hundred dwellings took seven years. The estate is built at very high residential density, over 250 persons/hectare (100/ acre). In order to provide this residential density in an estate of low rise dwellings, rather than an estate of multi-storey apartment blocks, Roger Westman had to produce a number of urban design innovations. Lambeth Council give design failings, and the expense of bringing

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1024-486: Was informed by failure of multi-storey tower blocks to provide good family homes. He was also aware of the importance of gardens in enhancing the quality of life of the residents of a dwelling, His design for Cressingham Gardens ensured 'every home its splash of greenery and colour'. In recognizing the importance of gardens, he was following an English tradition of the garden city and garden suburbs . In 1969 Ted Hollamby submitted his team's design for Cressingham Gardens to

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