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33-493: Cross River may refer to: Places [ edit ] Canada [ edit ] Cross River (British Columbia) , a tributary of the Kootenay River Nigeria [ edit ] Cross River (Nigeria) Cross River gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla diehli ) Cross River State , in southeastern Nigeria, named after the above river Cross River languages ,

66-811: A World Heritage Site . Banff remains one of the most popular tourist destinations in Canada. One of the most notable figures of Banff was Norman Luxton , who was known as "Mr. Banff". He published the Crag and Canyon newspaper , built the King Edward Hotel and the Lux Theatre, and founded the Sign of the Goat Curio Shop, which led to the development of the Luxton Museum of Plains Indians, now

99-612: A Canadian national park. An internment camp was set up at Banff and Castle Mountain in Dominion Park from July 1915 to July 1917 mostly imprisoning Ukrainian immigrants. The prisoners of the internment camp were used as slave labour to build the infrastructure of the national park. In 1985, the United Nations declared Banff National Park , as one of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks ,

132-791: A branch of the Benue-Congo languages subgroup of the Niger-Congo languages United States [ edit ] Cross River (Maine) , a tributary of the Sheepscot River Cross River (Gunflint Lake) , a river in Minnesota Cross River (Lake Superior) , a river in Minnesota Cross River (Little Fork River tributary) , a river in Minnesota Cross River (New York) , a tributary of the Croton River Cross River, New York,

165-553: A cross that he referred to as the, "Cross of Peace" near the summit of the pass, and the river which drains the west side of the pass was henceforth known as the Cross River. From White Man's Pass, de Smet travelled down the Spray River, which was "jewelled with enamelled beads", and on out to the foothills (Fraser 1969). He wrote, "The Christian's standard, the cross has been reared at the sources of these two rivers. May it be

198-600: A few men from the Maritimes, "seem to account for the name 'Whiteman's' being attached to the pass." The Reverend Robert Terrill Rundle was also in the area in 1841. After camping at the confluence of the Bow and Spray rivers, Rundle explored the Spray Valley where it parallels the mountain that now bears his name (Appleby 1975). In 1845, Father Pierre-Jean De Smet , a Jesuit priest, came east from Windermere Lake via

231-587: A hamlet of Lewisboro, New York Other uses [ edit ] Cross River Bank , a community bank based in Fort Lee, New Jersey, US Cross River Rail , a proposed railway line in Brisbane, Australia See also [ edit ] Cross (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cross River . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

264-694: A passage through the burnt Forests, and over the high land, we may venture to assert, that Sir George Simpson's idea of transporting troops. . . with their stores, etc. through such an extent of uncultivated Country and over such impracticable Mountains would appear to Us quite unfeasible." The Cross River originates in Kootenay National Park on the west slopes of the Continental Divide near White Man Pass, in British Columbia. It flows generally south and west, picking up

297-410: A sign of salvation and peace to all the scattered and itinerant tribes east and west of these gigantic an luid mountains." The river's indigenous Nakoda ("Stoney") name, Tsha-kooap-te-ha-wap-ta, alludes to the cross erected near the river by Pierre-Jean De Smet in 1845.[1] Lts. Warre and Vavasour were travelling eastward, returning from a secret mission to determine if troops could be dispatched through

330-540: Is also the starting point of the 4,417 km (2,745 mi) Great Divide Mountain Bike Route , which terminates at Antelope Wells, New Mexico in the United States. Banff and nearby Canmore played host to the 2014 Alberta Winter Games . Banff also hosted the 1991 Winter Deaflympics . For several years there has been an annual long-distance relay run between Banff and Jasper, Alberta (formerly known as

363-585: Is situated above Bow Falls near the confluence of the Bow River and Spray River . Soils are calcareous and usually imperfectly to poorly drained in their natural state with textures from very fine sandy loam to silty clay loam. Banff experiences a subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ) that borders on a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb ). Winter temperatures range from an average low of −13.5 °C (7.7 °F) to an average high of −0.5 °C (31.1 °F). Summer temperatures in

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396-617: The 1991 Winter Deaflympics , the first Deaflympics hosted in Canada , and the only Deaflympics held in Canada since then. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic , the town chose to temporarily close portions of its main street to vehicle traffic to create a Downtown Pedestrian Zone . The Banff Town Council said the pedestrian zone would stay in effect until at least 2023. The town is surrounded by mountains, notably Mount Rundle , Sulphur Mountain, Mount Norquay , and Cascade Mountain , and

429-454: The Canada 2016 Census conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Banff recorded a population of 7,851 living in 2,543 of its 2,729 total private dwellings, a 3.5% change from its 2011 population of 7,584. With a land area of 4.77 km (1.84 sq mi), Banff had a population density of 1,645.9/km in 2016. Parks Canada enforces requirements that individuals must meet to reside in

462-571: The Continental Divide begins with James Sinclair leading a party of Red River immigrants through the pass in 1841. They left Fort Garry (now the city of Winnipeg) in 1841 with 23 families, including a 75-year-old woman, with an aim to settle in the Oregon Country to reinforce British claims to the area. After a brief stop at Fort Edmonton , he was guided by Maskepetoon, the chief of the Wetaskiwin Cree , via Lake Minnewanka to

495-564: The Jasper to Banff Relay ). Banff has a long history of hosting Team Canada hockey training camps, including Canada's 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships team when the event was held in Alberta and the 1984 Canada Cup squad which practiced there, before the start of the tournament. In June 2008, the Banff council launched a local bus system called Roam , with three routes connecting

528-602: The Stoney Squaw portion, and Via Ferrata (an assisted climbing experience). A tourist attraction, the Banff Gondola, is available to ascend Sulphur Mountain (2,281 m (7,484 ft)) where a boardwalk (Banff Skywalk) beginning from the upper terminal connects to Sanson Peak. Sulphur Mountain is also the location of the Banff Upper Hot Springs . Lake Minnewanka located six minutes north of

561-646: The Bow Valley. In 1883, three Canadian Pacific Railway workers stumbled upon a series of natural hot springs on the side of Sulphur Mountain . In 1885, Canada established a federal reserve of 26 km (10 sq mi) around the Cave and Basin hot springs and began promoting the area as an international resort and spa as a way to support the new railway. In 1887, the reserve area was increased to 673 km (260 sq mi) and named "Rocky Mountain Park". This

594-743: The Buffalo Nations Museum. He and his family helped organize the Banff Indian Days and the Banff Winter Carnival. In 1976, the International Astronomical Union 's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (IAU/WGPSN) officially adopted the name Banff for a crater on Mars, after the town in Alberta. The crater is at latitude 17.7° north and longitude 30.8° west. Its diameter is 5 km (3.1 mi). In 1991, Banff hosted

627-710: The Kootenay River and one of its tributaries to the summit of White Man's Pass "where all was wild sublimity". He erected a large cross on the pass. Father De Smet and British Army Lieutenants Henry James Warre and Mervin Vavasour are said to have met near the summit. Few Europeans were travelling in the Canadian Rockies at this time and it was a remarkable coincidence that the two parties met (Esther Fraser, "The Canadian Rockies" wrote that Warre and Vavasour "probably" used this pass). Father De Smet built

660-433: The Town of Banff had a population of 8,305 living in 2,930 of its 3,287 total private dwellings, a change of 5.8% from its 2016 population of 7,851. With a land area of 4.08 km (1.58 sq mi), it had a population density of 2,035.5/km in 2021. The population of the Town of Banff according to its 2017 municipal census is 8,875, an increase of 5.4% from its 2014 municipal census population of 8,421. In

693-482: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cross_River&oldid=1127738102 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cross River (British Columbia) The history regarding this river and Whiteman's Pass across

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726-588: The majority serving destinations within Banff or to national park locations nearby. In addition, Roam also offers two routes to Lake Louise , as well as a local service route within Canmore. The railway came to Banff when the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) line from Calgary opened in 1883. The current station building was opened by the CPR in 1910, and was declared a heritage railway station by

759-540: The mountains to defend British interests in the southwestern part of the Columbia District . The trip had been encouraged by Sir George Simpson Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. Warre and Vavasour reported that the mountain passes were unsuitable for troop transport. Of this pass and others, they wrote: "Without attempting to describe the numerous Defiles through which we passed, or the difficulty of forcing

792-556: The national park. The area was named Banff in 1884 by George Stephen , president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, recalling his birthplace near Banff , Scotland. The Canadian Pacific built a series of grand hotels along the rail line and advertised the Banff Springs Hotel as an international tourist resort. Banff was first settled in the 1880s after the transcontinental railway was built through

825-526: The present site of Banff, Alberta where the Spray River joins with the Bow River and then south up the Spray River valley where the reservoir now lies. They trekked up the Spray River, then along a tributary, White Man's Creek, and across the Great Divide at White Man's Pass. In his book "The Place of Bows," E.J. Hart suggests that although the party was made up largely of Metis, the presence of

858-610: The town, Tunnel Mountain, the Banff Springs Hotel, and the Banff Gondola. The service is operated using four hybrid Nova buses, each decorated with scenes from the National Park. Many bus stops along the routes have screens that tell passengers exactly how many minutes before the next two buses arrive. In December 2012, the bus system was expanded to include the hourly Route 3 service between Banff and Canmore. As of January 2024, Roam Transit offers 10 routes,

891-431: The town, in order "to ensure that a broad supply of housing types are available for those who work and raise families in the community". Several mountains are located immediately adjacent to the townsite, including Mount Rundle (2,949 m (9,675 ft)); Cascade Mountain (2,998 m (9,836 ft)); and Mount Norquay (2,134 m (7,001 ft)). Mount Norquay has a ski slope as well as mountain biking trails on

924-422: The townsite is a day-use area with a variety of activities. Mountain biking, hiking, and fishing are allowed in this part of the park. A Lake Cruise, motor boat rentals, and a small food concession are available at the marina. Tunnel Mountain (formerly known as Sleeping Buffalo Mountain) (1,690 m (5,540 ft)) is situated within the townsite and has a summit that can be scaled in less than half an hour. It

957-433: The warmest month are an average high of 22.5 °C (72.5 °F) and an average low of 6.8 °C (44.2 °F). Snow has been recorded in all months of the year. The annual snowfall averages 183.8 cm (72.4 in). The highest temperature ever recorded was 37.8 °C (100 °F) on June 29, 2021, during the 2021 Western North America heat wave . In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada ,

990-777: The waters of Mitchell River from the north, before emptying into the Kootenay River . 50°38′N 115°48′W  /  50.633°N 115.800°W  / 50.633; -115.800 Banff, Alberta Banff is a resort town in Banff National Park , Alberta , Canada, in Alberta's Rockies along the Trans-Canada Highway , 126 km (78 mi) west of Calgary , 58 km (36 mi) east of Lake Louise , and 1,400 to 1,630 m (4,590 to 5,350 ft) above sea level . Banff

1023-826: Was named Tunnel Mountain because surveyors initially wanted to make a tunnel for the Canadian Pacific Railway right through the mountain, instead of following the Bow River Valley. Located on the side of Tunnel Mountain is the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity, which hosts events, including outdoor concerts, dance, opera, and theatre. Banff is home to the Banff World Television Festival , Banff Mountain Film Festival , Rocky Mountain Music Festival, and Bike Fest. The town

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1056-478: Was the beginning of Canada's National Park system. The Banff townsite was developed near the railway station as a service centre for tourists visiting the park. Services, such as St George-in-the-Pines church, were constructed through the late 19th century. It was administered by the Government of Canada's national parks system until 1990 when the Town of Banff became the only incorporated municipality within

1089-523: Was the first municipality to incorporate within a Canadian national park. The town is a member of the Calgary Regional Partnership . Banff is one of Canada's most popular tourist destinations . Known for its mountainous surroundings and hot springs , it is a destination for outdoor sports and hiking , biking , scrambling and skiing . Sunshine Village , Ski Norquay and Lake Louise Ski Resort are nearby ski resorts within

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