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23-566: 1700 treaty between Brandenburg and Emperor Leopold I In the Crown Treaty (also called Treaty of the Crown , Krontraktat in German) signed on 16 November 1700, Frederick III , Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia , had undertaken to provide a body of 8,000 men for the impending Spanish War of Succession for Emperor Leopold I . In return,

46-720: A new castle in Dutch style built in Bötzow in 1650-52 and called it Oranienburg Palace , after her family, the House of Orange-Nassau . It became the name for the entire town in 1653. She was also involved in the design and development of the Lustgarten in Berlin. In 1663, she installed the first porcelain cabinet in Europe. In 1665, she founded an orphanage with places for 24 children. She

69-453: The League of Augsburg against France and in 1689 led military forces into the field as part of the allied coalition. That year an army under his command besieged and captured Bonn . Despite this opposition to France (a characteristic that was even more prominent in his son and heir) he was fond of French culture, and styled his court in imitation of that of Louis XIV. The Hohenzollern state

92-656: The Berlin Knights Academy in 1705, and as historian at the Higher Herald's Office in 1706. Frederick died in Berlin in 1713 and is entombed in the Berlin Cathedral . His grandson, Frederick the Great, referred to Frederick I as "the mercenary king", due to the fact that he greatly profited from the hiring of his Prussian troops to defend other territories, such as in northern Italy against

115-462: The French. "All in all," he wrote of his grandfather, "he was great in small matters, and small in great matters." Frederick was married three times: He also had an official mistress, Catharina von Wartenberg , between 1696 and 1711. However, he was never known to make use of her services, being deeply in love with his second wife. Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau Louise Henriëtte

138-537: The Great , was the first Prussian king formally to style himself "King of Prussia" (from 1772 onwards). Frederick was a patron of the arts and learning. The Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin was founded by Frederick in 1696, as was the Academy of Sciences in 1700, though the latter was closed down by his son as an economic measure; it was reopened in 1740 by his grandson, Frederick II. Frederick also appointed Jacob Paul von Gundling as Professor of History and Law at

161-657: The Holy Roman Emperor in Brandenburg. Legally, the Hohenzollern state was still a personal union between Brandenburg and Prussia. However, by the time Frederick crowned himself as king, the emperor's authority over Brandenburg (and the rest of the empire) was only nominal, and in practice it soon came to be treated as part of the Prussian kingdom rather than as a separate entity. His grandson, Frederick

184-699: The Holy Roman Empire War of the Spanish Succession Treaties of the Holy Roman Empire Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I of Prussia Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Frederick I of Prussia Frederick I ( German : Friedrich I. ; 11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty,

207-669: The Holy Roman Empire, and he ruled over it with full sovereignty. Therefore, he said, there was no legal or political barrier to letting him rule it as a kingdom. Frederick was aided in the negotiations by Charles Ancillon . Frederick crowned himself on 18 January 1701 in Königsberg. Although he did so with the Emperor's consent, and also with formal acknowledgement from Augustus II the Strong , Elector of Saxony , who held

230-727: The Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the Kingdom of Bohemia which belonged to the Holy Roman Emperor . Frederick persuaded Emperor Leopold I to allow Prussia to be elevated to a kingdom by the Crown Treaty of 16 November 1700. This agreement was ostensibly given in exchange for an alliance against King Louis XIV in the War of the Spanish Succession and the provision of 8,000 Prussian troops to Leopold's service. Frederick argued that Prussia had never been part of

253-570: The Queen of Poland, Marie Louise Gonzaga , to make an alliance with Poland in exchange for the Polish recognition of Prussia as a province of Brandenburg. It was said of her : "Few Electresses had been allowed so much influence". In 1650 her husband gave her the Amt Bötzow , an electoral domain with large estates and numerous places and farmers that were subject to taxes. Louise Henriëtte had

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276-504: The War of the Spanish Succession, though he often withheld these until he received the ceremonial concessions he desired. His royalty was, in any case, limited to Prussia and did not reduce the rights of the Emperor in the portions of his domains that were still part of the Holy Roman Empire. In other words, while he was a king in Prussia, he was still only an elector under the suzerainty of

299-623: The emperor promised that Frederick's future self-coronation as " King in Prussia " would be recognised across Europe and the Holy Roman Empire . The relevant negotiations were mainly undertaken by Charles Ancillon . The coronation took place on 18 January 1701 in Königsberg  ; from April 1701 the now entitled " Royal Prussian Contingent " deployed to the Lower Rhine at Wesel . In April 1702, it took part in hostilities for

322-800: The first time at the Siege of Kaiserswerth . Sources and references [ edit ] Hamish Scott & Brendan Simms , Cultures of Power in Europe During the Long Eighteenth Century , Cambridge University Press, 05/07/2007 Peter Wilson , German Armies: War and German Society, 1648-1806 , Routledge, 2002 Thomas Henry Dyer , Modern Europe: 1593-1721 , G. Bell & Sons, 1877 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown_Treaty&oldid=1144684359 " Categories : Bilateral treaties Treaties of Prussia 1700 treaties 1700 in

345-473: The first years of their marriage, but they moved to Brandenburg, Frederick William's seat, in 1648. During her marriage, Louise Henriëtte followed her spouse and traveled between The Hague, Königsberg , Berlin and Cleves on campaigns, inspections, war and battle fields in Poland and Denmark . She acted as her husband's political adviser and was described as a pragmatist. She managed, through correspondence with

368-629: The region's historic ties to the Polish crown, Frederick made the symbolic concession of calling himself " King in Prussia " instead of "King of Prussia". Frederick leveraged the recognizance of other nations to attempt to construct the legitimacy of his assumed royal title. In this, the English were his most willing diplomatic allies. They first sent an envoy to Berlin, who conformed to the new royal protocol. Thereafter, they sent an ambassador to Berlin, who ceremonially recognised Frederick as king. In exchange, Frederick provided England with troops during

391-723: The title of King of Poland, the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth raised objections, and viewed the coronation as illegal. In fact, according to the terms of the Treaty of Wehlau and Bromberg , the House of Hohenzollern's sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia was not absolute but contingent on the continuation of the male line (in the absence of which the duchy would revert to the Polish crown). Therefore, out of deference to

414-654: Was (as Frederick III ) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union ( Brandenburg-Prussia ). The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia (1701–1713). From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel . Born in Königsberg , Frederick was the third son of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg by his father's first marriage to Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau , eldest daughter of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels . His maternal cousin

437-532: Was King William III of England . Upon the death of his father on 29 April 1688, Frederick became Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia . Right after ascending the throne Frederick founded a new city southerly adjacent to Dorotheenstadt and named it after himself, the Friedrichstadt . Frederick was noted for his opposition to France , in contrast to his father who had sought an alliance with Louis XIV . Frederick took Brandenburg into

460-637: Was born in The Hague , the eldest daughter of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange , and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels . She grew up at the court of her father, the Stadtholder of Holland , Zeeland , Utrecht , Guelders and Overijssel . Louise Henriëtte had to abandon her love for Henri Charles de La Trémoille , Prince of Talmant, son of Henry de La Trémoille , as her mother had royal ambitions for her. However, attempts to conclude an engagement with King Charles II of England came to nothing. Finally she

483-724: Was described as truly kind and gentle with a sharp intellect: her advice was vital for her spouse, and their marriage was considered a role model. During time of war, she made great efforts to soften the damages upon society. A Protestant religious community known as the Luise-Henrietten-Stift in nearby Lehnin Abbey was named after her. With Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, she had six children, only three of whom lived to adulthood: Luise Henriette also suffered many miscarriages: Luise Henriette died in Berlin and

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506-721: Was forced to marry Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (1620-1688), "the Great Elector," at The Hague on 7 December 1646, her nineteenth birthday, on the proposal of the Brandenburg diplomat Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal . The Electorate of Brandenburg regarded this marriage as beneficial by reason of the connections with the Orange family it created in the hope of obtaining assistance for Brandenburg's struggle for influence in Pomerania . The couple lived in Cleves for

529-716: Was then known as Brandenburg-Prussia . The family's main possessions were the Margraviate of Brandenburg within the Holy Roman Empire and the Duchy of Prussia outside of the Empire, ruled as a personal union . Although he was the Margrave and Prince-elector of Brandenburg and the Duke of Prussia , Frederick desired the more prestigious title of king. However, according to Germanic law at that time, no kingdoms could exist within

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