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24-665: Culloden Point is a small peninsula north of Montauk , New York , that marks the east entrance to Fort Pond Bay from Gardiners Bay . During the American Revolutionary War , the British ship of the line HMS  Culloden ran aground here early on January 24, 1781, while attempting to get from Block Island Sound out to the open Atlantic Ocean to escape a winter gale and snowstorm with two other British warships. As recounted in Long Island and

48-409: A large rock with pebbles on top of it to the north of the bluff stairs as the landmark for reaching the wreck. They follow a heading of 333 degrees. It is about 150 feet (46 m) off shore. The debris field is marked by buoys. Usually little of the wreck is visible, typically just rust stains in the sand, but some portions of the hull sometimes can be seen after storms. Prior to the discovery of

72-832: A sea. A piece of land on a very tight river bend or one between two rivers is sometimes said to form a peninsula, for example in the New Barbadoes Neck in New Jersey , United States. A peninsula may be connected to the mainland via an isthmus , for example, in the Isthmus of Corinth which connects to the Peloponnese peninsula. Peninsulas can be formed from continental drift , glacial erosion , glacial meltwater , glacial deposition , marine sediment , marine transgressions , volcanoes, divergent boundaries or river sedimentation. More than one factor may play into

96-482: A tract for 300 English Pounds Sterling to Captain Arent Schuyler  – a former trader and Indian agent and, a member of the influential Schuyler family . The new purchase included present-day Kearny , North Arlington and Lyndhurst . Following his death in 1730, his sons inherited the land. After Schuyler's purchase of his new homestead, it was discovered the ground contained copper, which led to

120-507: Is recalled in the names of Berrys Creek , and the historic Yereance-Berry House . A portion was later sold to an early settler to Pavonia, New Netherland , Walling Van Winkle . The township was created in 1710 and encompassed all of the neck as well as lands to the north and west to the Saddle River . At this time, the territory was transferred from Essex County and made part of an expanded Bergen County . In 1710, Kingsland sold

144-501: The Arabian Peninsula . The word peninsula derives from Latin paeninsula , from paene  'almost' and insula  'island'. The word entered English in the 16th century. A peninsula is generally defined as a piece of land surrounded on most sides by water. A peninsula may be bordered by more than one body of water, and the body of water does not have to be an ocean or

168-607: The East Hampton Marine Museum in Amagansett , New York, which has an extensive display of Culloden artifacts. Other cannon are still on the bottom close to shore and about 20 to 25 feet (6.1 to 7.6 m) below the surface. The wreck is protected on the National Register of Historic Places . The park is accessible on a single-lane gravel road at the west end of Soundview Drive. Divers use

192-576: The Lenape . It was the territory of the group called the Hackensack . The name of masgichteu-cunk meaning where May-apples grow , from a moist-woodland perennial that bears edible yellow berries. The name Achter Col was given during the New Netherland era in the mid-17th century, and can be translated a rear mountain pass or behind the ridge , in reference to the access it provided to

216-529: The Sea by Bill Bleyer (The History Press, 2019), the ship of the line HMS  Bedford , leading the trio, successfully turned around at midnight when her captain realized they had not cleared Montauk Point . But Captain George Balfour of Culloden continued on until 4 AM, when lookouts saw breakers ahead and tried unsuccessfully to turn the ship back into Block Island Sound. Efforts to refloat Culloden

240-462: The early 1960s, about 200 Leisurama prefabricated homes designed by Andrew Geller were built at the point after being sold from a display on the ninth floor of Macy's in New York City. Peninsula A peninsula is a landform that extends from a mainland and is surrounded by water on most sides. Peninsulas exist on each continent. The largest peninsula in the world is

264-498: The formation of a peninsula. For example, in the case of Florida , continental drift, marine sediment, and marine transgressions were all contributing factors to its shape. In the case of formation from glaciers (e.g., the Antarctic Peninsula or Cape Cod ), peninsulas can be created due to glacial erosion , meltwater or deposition . If erosion formed the peninsula, softer and harder rocks were present, and since

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288-474: The glacier only erodes softer rock, it formed a basin . This may create peninsulas, and occurred for example in the Keweenaw Peninsula . In the case of formation from meltwater, melting glaciers deposit sediment and form moraines , which act as dams for the meltwater. This may create bodies of water that surround the land, forming peninsulas. If deposition formed the peninsula, the peninsula

312-519: The hinterlands beyond the Hudson Palisades that were rich fur-trapping grounds. After the surrender of Fort Amsterdam by the Dutch in 1664, the area became part of the proprietary Province of New Jersey during the period of British colonization of North America . On July 4, 1668, William Sandford obtained a grant of 15,308 acres (62 km²) from the proprietors. In the grant document,

336-663: The lower Hackensack and Passaic Rivers , in what is now western Hudson County and southern Bergen County . The neck begins in the south at Kearny Point in the Newark Bay and is characterized by a ridge (creating the valley of the Passaic) along the west and part of the New Jersey Meadowlands (the flood plain of the Hackensack) on the east. The neck was part of an area called Meghgectecock by

360-507: The name of the area was recorded as "New Barbados." As was the custom of the times, Sandford paid Chief Tantaqua of the Hackensack Indians 20 English Pounds Sterling for all their reserve rights and titles. On June 10, 1669, John Berry obtained a grant of 10,000 acres (40 km²) to the north of Sandford's grant. In 1671, Sandford's grant was divided between him and his uncle Nathaniel Kingsland of Barbados, with Sandford owning

384-407: The next day were unsuccessful, so after recovering bronze cannons and other supplies and leaving old iron cannon behind, Balfour ordered the ship burned to the waterline to keep her out of Patriot hands. The wreck was discovered in the 1970s when portions of it washed ashore (reports indicate that some of the washed-up debris had been used for beach campfires). One of the cannons is on display at

408-599: The opening of the Schuyler Copper Mine . After it became flooded, the first steam engine in America was developed and used to pump out the deep mine shaft. The engine was secretly built by the engineer Josiah Hornblower . The engine and mines were destroyed by fire in 1768 and remained idle for some years. Schuyler Avenue , which runs along the eastern edge of the ridge honors the early settlement. Lord Howe of England took possession of New York Harbor and

432-588: The proximity of Schuyler Mansion drew many of his officers who traveled over a road known today as the Belleville Turnpike . It had originally been laid in 1759 with cedar logs from the nearby swamps. In September 1777, Henry Clinton , head of the British Expeditionary Forces in America, selected Schuyler Mansion for his headquarters during one of his more important raiding operations, including those along Second River . In

456-468: The sediment is deposited, forming a delta peninsula. Marine transgressions (changes in sea level) may form peninsulas, but also may affect existing peninsulas. For example, the water level may change, which causes a peninsula to become an island during high water levels. Similarly, wet weather causing higher water levels make peninsulas appear smaller, while dry weather make them appear larger. Sea level rise from global warming will permanently reduce

480-419: The size of some peninsulas over time. Peninsulas are noted for their use as shelter for humans and Neanderthals . The landform is advantageous because it gives hunting access to both land and sea animals. They can also serve as markers of a nation's borders. New Barbadoes Neck New Barbadoes Neck is the name given in the colonial era for the peninsula in northeastern New Jersey , US between

504-669: The southern third of the tract and Kingsland the northern two-thirds. The Kingsland tract was settled by Nathaniel's nephew Isaac Kingsland about 1683. From 1668 to 1687, New Barbadoes was part of Newark Township. The Sandford family is recalled locally in Sandford Avenue in Harrison and Kearny . The Kingsland family is recalled in the Kingsland Station , Kingsland Avenue in Lyndhurst, and Kingsland Manor . Berry

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528-497: The volcano erupts near shallow water. Marine sediment may form peninsulas by the creation of limestone . A rift peninsula may form as a result of a divergent boundary in plate tectonics (e.g. the Arabian Peninsula ), while a convergent boundary may also form peninsulas (e.g. Gibraltar or the Indian subcontinent ). Peninsulas can also form due to sedimentation in rivers. When a river carrying sediment flows into an ocean,

552-413: The wreck in the 1970s, the spit was called Will's Point, possibly named after Will Indian, a herder mentioned in early East Hampton Town records. In 1839 Amistad anchored at Culloden Point after the surviving crew tried to convince their revolting slave captors that they had returned to Africa. They went for provisions in the village of Montauk. The ship was seized here by USS  Washington . In

576-546: Was composed of sedimentary rock , which was created from a large deposit of glacial drift . The hill of drift becomes a peninsula if the hill formed near water but was still connected to the mainland, for example during the formation of Cape Cod about 23,000 years ago. In the case of formation from volcanoes, when a volcano erupts magma near water, it may form a peninsula (e.g., the Alaskan Peninsula ). Peninsulas formed from volcanoes are especially common when

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