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38-428: The Cumberland Plan was developed by the council's chairman John Percival Tate and chief planner Sidney Luker . It "advocated decentralization, zoning, green belts, open spaces, and improved road and rail systems". Though Sydney had had a comprehensive plan for its railways and a number of planned suburbs, including the city centre itself, the city as a whole had been allowed to grow organically. Suburban development in

76-646: A "civic tragedy". In the mid-1950s, Tate returned to private practice as the principal of John P. Tate and Associates. He also served as chairman of A. E. Goodwin , a shipbuilding and engineering firm. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects in 1950 and a fellow of the Town and Country Planning Institute of Australia in 1962. Tate served on the Ryde Municipal Council from 1944 to 1948 and

114-654: A civil engineering and architectural firm in Timaru . Tate moved to Sydney in about 1920, where he went into partnership with William Auburn Young in the firm of John P. Tate & Young. One of the firms earliest commissions was the Manchester Unity Building on Elizabeth Street (later known as the St James Trust Building), which was designed in 1921 and finished in 1924 as one of the city's first high-rise buildings. Tate "built up

152-697: A diverse private practice designing aeroplane hangars, theatres and various types of factories". He also supervised the construction of the Port Kembla steelworks in the 1920s. In 1923, his firm was selected to design a refurbishment of the Queen Victoria Building . The Sydney City Council ultimately decided not to continue with the renovations, with Tate & Young suing for breach of contract; they sought £17,448 (equivalent to $ 1,587,000 in 2022) but ultimately settled for £7,000 (equivalent to $ 644,000 in 2022). In 1940, Tate joined

190-461: A number of parks, nature reserves, beaches and a Saltwater Olympic pool: A foreshore park located in walking distance from Port Kembla Beach. Used in summer for Port Kembla Cricket Club home games. A popular take off area for hang gliders and para gliders, Hill 60 Park has BBQ facilities as well as picnic shelters, seats and tables positioned to enjoy the scenic views. An award winning beach, seasonally patrolled from September to April and home to

228-603: A planning scheme for the Greater Sydney area which spanned 69 local government areas. He worked closely with chief planner Sidney Luker to prepare what became known as the Cumberland Plan , which "advocated decentralization, zoning, green belts, open spaces, and improved road and rail systems". It was presented to the state government in 1948, but was not formally adopted until 1951. Tate resigned as chairman in protest at its late adoption, which he described as

266-519: A railway station on the Port Kembla branch of the Illawarra railway line . It is the terminus of the branch line, and serves the residential area of the suburb of the same name. The station has one side platform, used for terminating trains. It is served by approximately one train per hour, usually a local service to Thirroul and Waterfall, but extra direct trains to and from Sydney are provided in

304-863: A range of berths for loading coal, grain, shipping containers and other goods. As of 2020, a gas export terminal is also under development. Port Kembla was identified by the Australian Defence Department in 2023 as the most likely location to homeport the future Australian nuclear-powered submarines, probably active no earlier than the 2030s. Port Kembla has both junior and senior teams in local popular sporting leagues such as: Home grounds are Noel Mulligan Oval Home grounds are King George V Park Home grounds are Darcy Wentworth Park Home grounds are Kully Bay Park . Port Kembla Rugby league , Port Kembla Soccer Club and Port Kembla AFL home grounds are not located in Port Kembla, they all play in parks across Warrawong . Port Kembla has

342-447: A team of 30 workers, under supervision by NSW Police, NSW WorkCover and relevant emergency services at a cost of A$ 8 million with an expected time frame of 16 months. On 2 August 2013, it was announced that the stack would be demolished on Friday 6 September 2013. Due to asbestos concerns, the demolition was delayed. After no signs of danger were found, a new date was announced for the demolition: 20 February 2014. On 20 February 2014,

380-432: Is now a public lookout reserve, despite a vigorous campaign to return some of the land to its Aboriginal owners. Although not technically open to tourists, the tunnels are open, and can be explored by foot. The entrance to the tunnels is located almost under the coastguard tower on Hill 60, and can be seen down the left when standing at the information board, facing southeast. On 7 May 1943, Australian steamer Adele struck

418-640: Is situated on the tip of Red Point : its first European sighting was by Captain James Cook in 1770. The name "Kembla" is an Aboriginal word meaning "plenty [of] wild fowl". Before Port Kembla was an industrial suburb of Wollongong, it was a town with a remarkably self-sufficient society, a growing commercial centre, and a vibrant civic life. Town subdivision began in 1908, and by 1921 there were 1622 residents. Economic expansion propelled further population growth. Port Kembla derives its name from its proximity to Mount Kembla . A copper smelter and refinery,

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456-602: The 2021 census of Population, there were 5,088 people in Port Kembla. Port Kembla has a warm oceanic climate ( Cfb ) with humid summers and mild, crisp winters. The suburb enjoys abundant sunshine, getting 111.4 clear days, annually. Port Kembla is known for the BlueScope steelworks operations on Springhill Road and throughout North Port Kembla. Other notable industrial operations in the suburb are: Port Kembla Coal Terminal, Port Kembla Copper, Incitec , Adstream Services, Port Kembla Gateway and GrainCorp . Port Kembla has

494-515: The Cumberland Highway would have seen, with a few exceptions around Liverpool and Toongabbie , only green space to their left. The Green Belt augmented an already extensive national parks system around Sydney, stretching from Royal National Park in the south to Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in the north. The Plan reserved corridors for: John Percival Tate John Percival Tate (21 March 1894 – 21 January 1977)

532-792: The Department of the Interior as superintending architect, responsible for defences work programmes in New South Wales. He was appointed state construction manager for the Allied Works Council in 1942, and advised the Chifley government on housing. In 1945, Tate was appointed as the inaugural chairman of the Cumberland County Council , established by the New South Wales state government to prepare

570-472: The 1950s and 1960s. Waves of migrants, mostly from the United Kingdom, Italy, Macedonia and Germany, moved to the town. During this period, Port Kembla was on the cusp of changes affecting Australian society generally as new ethnic and cultural influences found a place in local society. With its long migration history accommodating waves of migrant workers and their families, Port Kembla is still one of

608-587: The Electrolytic Refinery and Smelting Company of Australia, began production in 1908, followed by the opening of Metal Manufactures in 1917 and finally the arrival of the Hoskins Iron & Steel Works in 1927. The works became Australian Iron & Steel the following year. By 1947 the town's population had increased to 4,960 with smaller satellite suburbs such as Cringila and Lake Heights, mushrooming on its fringes. That year, 1947, marked

646-659: The Port Kembla Surf Life Saving Club. It's beach code is nsw379A and it has a Surf Life Saving Australia general hazard rating of 7/10 A small sheltered beach at the bottom of Hill 60's eastern side facing the Five Islands Nature Reserve . Also known by locals as MM Beach for its close proximity to the Metal Manufacturers site on Gloucester Boulevard. Remnants of a tidal rock pool are still standing near

684-736: The breakwater at Port Kembla and was subsequently declared a total loss. The wreck of Adele is protected under the New South Wales Heritage Act, 1977. Port Kembla was the site of the Dalfram Dispute in 1938 , where unionised dockworkers refused to load pig iron onto a ship heading for Japan after the Nanking Massacre . In 1974, a green ban was placed by the Builders Labourers Federation against high rise development and for

722-450: The climax of a local campaign for municipal autonomy which was ultimately thwarted by the creation of a Greater City of Wollongong. In the post-Second World War period there was an inexorable decline of a 'Port Kembla' society as local town boundaries were slowly but surely absorbed into a more Wollongong-focused or regional identity. Despite the decline from the heyday of the 1920s, the town experienced major social and demographic change in

760-541: The copper stack was demolished. In the past, Port Kembla's industrial heart was associated with significant industrial pollution including emissions of nitrogen oxides and other dangerous gases. However, the air quality around Port Kembla has improved dramatically over the past decade. At nearby Kembla Grange the average concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) measured by the NSW Department of Environment Climate Change halved between 2002 and 2014. Back in

798-547: The early 20th century followed a 'starfish' pattern, closely tied to the railway and tramway lines that radiated from the centre. The McKell Labor government sought to create a framework for rapid metropolitan growth in the postwar period, and legislated in 1944 for the creation of a single Sydney-wide planning authority, governed by representatives of the various local councils. The Cumberland County Council commenced operations in July 1945. An independent and illustrated account of

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836-605: The five-kilometre-wide belt would have curved through Western Sydney , encircling Baulkham Hills , Blacktown , Seven Hills and Liverpool before ending on the banks of the Georges River opposite East Hills . A non-contiguous section would then have covered the western Sutherland Shire , roughly bordered by the Georges River in the north and the Woronora River in the east. Motorists travelling north on

874-520: The industrial area of the suburb. The station is the nearest to the BHP site in the area. Both stations have a one sided platform, with the platform at Port Kembla used for terminating trains. The stations are served by approximately one train per hour, usually a local service to Thirroul , but extra direct trains to and from Sydney are provided in the peak hours. Premier Illawarra runs three routes to and from Port Kembla railway station: Port Kembla

912-480: The most culturally diverse suburbs in New South Wales. Port Kembla's highest point, Hill 60, overlooks the Five Islands and Red Point. Hill 60, originally the site of an Aboriginal settlement, was used by the army during World War II to make a coastal gun emplacement known as Illowra Battery . In September 1942, Aboriginal inhabitants were forcibly evicted from the area. It has remained in public ownership and

950-470: The peak hours. Pacific National operates daily coal trains to the Inner Harbour section of the port, and into the blast furnace section of the steelworks. Downer Rail has a workshop opposite the station that services diesel powered locomotives for Pacific National . Port Kembla harbour is a major export location for coal mined in the southern and western regions of New South Wales. As part of

988-553: The preparation of the plan was published by Arthur Winston in 1957. The plan was resisted by NSW Government agencies, landowners and local residents and lost its patron when the county council was abolished in 1963. The plan was eventually superseded by the Sydney Region Outline Plan in 1968. The most striking feature of the Plan was a vast green belt to hem in the city's sprawl. Beginning near Pennant Hills ,

1026-519: The reclamation of the beach to be made a parkland. The Jobs for Women campaign won the right for women to work at the Port Kembla steelworks. The campaign won a historic court case under the Anti-Discrimination Act and set a precedent for the employment of women in non-traditional areas of work and the interpretation of direct and indirect discrimination. Port Kembla has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: According to

1064-516: The same year and died at Canberra Hospital on 21 January 1977.   Port Kembla, New South Wales Port Kembla is a suburb of Wollongong 10 km south of the CBD and part of the Illawarra region of New South Wales . The suburb comprises a seaport , industrial complex (one of the largest in Australia), a small harbour foreshore nature reserve , and a small commercial sector. It

1102-500: The southern end of the beach below the headland. Three people died after being washed into rough surf at the popular rock fishing spot on Friday 22 January 2021. Port Kembla has two railway stations on the Port Kembla branch of the NSW TrainLink South Coast Line . Port Kembla railway station is the terminus of the branch line, and serves the residential area of Port Kembla. Port Kembla North serves

1140-413: The state governments plan to divert ships containing automobiles, the port has received significant upgrades and infrastructure including a new Maritime Office and many jobs have been created as the need for port logistics grows. Patrick Corporation holds a contract for integrated port services in the harbour and transports goods by road or rail through its parent company Pacific National . The port has

1178-439: Was "highly critical of the partisan nature of Senate deliberations, which he believed detracted from the chamber’s original role as a States House and a house of review". He suggested that state governments be allowed to directly appoint senators. Tate married Gladys Woodland ( née  Farquaharson ) in 1920, with whom he had four sons. After being widowed in 1974 he remarried in 1976 to Bernice Cheetham. He moved to Canberra in

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1216-611: Was a key figure behind the Cumberland Plan for Greater Sydney . He also served as a Senator for New South Wales from 1950 to 1953, representing the Liberal Party . Tate was born on 21 March 1894 in Wellington , New Zealand. He was the son of English immigrant parents Frances Lillian (née Gormley or Gumley) and Robert Gillies Tate. As a young man he changed his middle name from "Henry" to "Percival". After leaving school, he completed an apprenticeship with Panton & Son,

1254-537: Was an Australian architect, urban planner and politician. He was born in New Zealand where he trained as an architect and engineer. He moved to Sydney as a young man and went into private practice, later working for the federal government during World War II. Tate served on the Ryde Municipal Council and Sydney City Council in the 1940s and 1950s. As chairman of the Cumberland City Council he

1292-640: Was chairman of its housing committee. He was also elected to the Sydney City Council in 1947. He was a leader of the Civic Reform Association , serving as an alderman until 1956. He also served on the executive of the Local Government Association of New South Wales. In May 1949, Tate won preselection for the Liberal Party 's Senate ticket in New South Wales at the 1949 federal election . He

1330-535: Was concerned about overpopulation in the capital cities and was an advocate of decentralisation , suggesting that immigrants be directed to regional areas. He supported increased autonomy for the Northern Territory as well as the development of New Guinea . Tate also supported electoral reform. He was opposed to proportional representation in the Senate, which had been introduced for the 1949 election, and

1368-430: Was elected to a six-year term beginning on 22 February 1950, which was cut short by a double dissolution in 1951. He was re-elected to a three-year term at the 1951 election , but was defeated for preselection by Ken Anderson prior to the 1953 half-Senate election . Tate supported increased immigration and "saw population growth as essential to Australia's economic development and international standing". However, he

1406-440: Was home to one of Australia's tallest industrial chimneys, a 198 metre tall chimney built in 1965. Port Kembla Primary School was once located adjacent to it but was closed down due to pollution problems from the chimney including lead contaminated soil, acid rain and soot. A warning alarm was fitted to warn of high toxin levels. In November 2008, the Port Kembla stack was inspected and confirmed to have concrete cancer . The stack

1444-483: Was planned to be demolished in early 2010 at a cost of A$ 10 million. By 6 September 2010, plans to knock down the stack had been revised by the NSW Department of Planning. These plans included demolition of the existing Port Kembla Copper structures surrounding the chimney, excluding the locally heritage listed Precious Metals Mill Chimney and the Assay Offices. The work was due to start in the middle of 2011 with

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