64-479: (Redirected from A-28 ) A28 or A-28 may refer to: Roads [ edit ] A28 road (England) , a road in Kent connecting Margate, Canterbury, Ashford, Tenterden and Hastings A28 motorway (France) , a road connecting Abbeville, Somme and Tours, Indre-et-Loire A 28 motorway (Germany) , a road connecting Leer and Oldenburg with Bremen A28 road (Isle of Man) ,
128-459: A Lockheed World War II aircraft Aeroprakt A-28 Victor , a 2000s Ukrainian twin engined aircraft design Focke-Wulf A 28 , a 1927 German airliner HLA-A28 , a human serotype Asahikawa Station , a station in Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan, station code A28 [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as
192-561: A fleet of ships for the Crown and protecting the south coast of England. The ships were also used for a lucrative cross-channel trade. A more specific Charter of 1229 numbered the ships to be separately provided by each of the Confederation's Ports and that of 1278 set out a magnificently designed Flag: the three fighting English Lionships. Rye was obligated for five ships in 1392 and provided these with help from Tenterden shipwrights. If
256-621: A full time Town Clerk, Deputy Town Clerk with support staff and groundsmen. The council is responsible for community services through the raising an annual precept, which is collected via Ashford Borough Council through its council tax rates. The council's primary services are managing and provision for advertising banners (recreation ground & town hall balcony); benches; children's play areas; emergency planning; markets & fairs; millennium garden; parks & open spaces; pavilion; public conveniences (Tenterden and St. Michaels); tennis courts; tourism; town planning; and war memorial. The Town Council
320-418: A function and is also licensed for ceremonies (up to 140 guests). Both of these venues are available for hire. The Town Council also has a statutory consultation role for a variety of matters related to Planning Applications and Public Rights of Way. The council's planning committee meets on a monthly basis to consider scrutinise each application on material merits and advise Ashford Council of its decision with
384-636: A letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A28&oldid=1020310221 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages A28 road (England) [REDACTED] A253 at Sarre [REDACTED] A2 in Canterbury The A28
448-498: A national reorganisation of local government meant that both Tenterden Borough and Tenterden Rural Councils ceased to exist; a new Town Council came under the administration of the newly formed Ashford Borough Council. The latter part of the Twentieth Century saw an expansion of the town through the building of a considerable number of housing developments which have resulted in a much enlarged population. Attractions such as
512-615: A rent of twelve horseshoes. A further seven shops were also required to pay a levy. Today numbers 28 to 40 in the High Street occupy this 'shambles' site, on the southern edge of the church. The first mention of a dwelling in the town dates from 1275 and occurs in a Hundred Roll of King Edward l, when a Thomas Pittlesden was recorded as living at the manor house. In subsequent years the Pittlesden family remained as core to Tenterden's development, with their arms still featuring on
576-585: A road connecting New and the Ballanorris road A28 motorway (Italy) , a road connecting Conegliano and Portogruaro A28 motorway (Netherlands) , a road connecting Utrecht and Groningen A28 motorway (Portugal) , a road connecting Porto to Viana do Castelo A 28 road (Sri Lanka) , a road connecting Anuradhapura and Padeniya A28 (Sydney) , a road in Sydney which is commonly known as Cumberland Highway Other uses [ edit ] A-28 Hudson ,
640-521: A simple and dignified chapel had been erected on the Ashford Road. Similarly, a Baptist Chapel in Bells Lane had been built, reflecting further the religious non-conformity of many of the local populace. During the 16th century the tidal waters at Smallhythe slowly receded and the port community declined. In 1600 Queen Elizabeth l granted the town a new Charter, in which an updated role of mayor
704-573: Is a trunk road in the counties of Kent and East Sussex in south east England , connecting Margate , Canterbury , Ashford and Hastings . Starting at the seaside resort of Margate at the north-east point of Kent, the A28 runs inland and west-southwest to the cathedral city of Canterbury, before passing through the chalk hills of the North Downs via the gap cut by the River Stour , to
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#1732793727095768-580: Is a member of the Cinque Ports Confederation , but due to seismic changes to the southern coast over the centuries, Tenterden is no longer by the sea. Kent was one of the seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England and the first to convert to Christianity. The earliest settlements had been made in the northern areas including Thanet. Uninhabited forest lands in the south, called Anderida or Andreasweald (known today as The Weald) provided glades and clearings for annual excursions, when people from
832-766: Is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ashford in Kent , England. The 2021 census published the population of the parish to be 8,186. Tenterden is connected to Kent's county town of Maidstone by the A262 road and the A274 road , and Ashford , Rolvenden and Hastings by the A28 road . The town stands on the edge of the Weald , overlooking the valley of the River Rother . It
896-635: Is also responsible for the Town's Public Buildings such as 'The Pebbles' (which is home to the retail store 'White Stuff'). In the Town Hall is the Mayor's Parlour, which is licensed for the conduct of wedding, civil partnership, renewal of vows and baby naming ceremonies, and can accommodate up to forty-four guests. The Town Hall is also home to the Assembly Room, which can accommodate up to 150 people at
960-555: Is buried nearby in Bybrook Cemetery. Bypassing the village of Great Chart , the road undulates in a general south-westward direction around the Kentish Weald via the villages of Bethersden and High Halden , to the market town of Tenterden. The A28 continues via the villages of Rolvenden and Newenden before crossing a narrow bridge over the River Rother and entering East Sussex via Northiam , beyond which
1024-716: Is no mention of the town in the Domesday Book because Tenterden being a 'den', its listing was in the lands of the parent Abbey. Bishop Odo of Bayeux, the half-brother of William the Conqueror, having become the Second Earl of Kent, did own land in this area. From the mid-twelfth century the low lying land to the south of Tenterden, the Rother Levels and the Romney Marsh, were used for arable farming. With
1088-557: Is two-fold, deriving from the Old English Tenetwara (the Men of Thanet) and the word den (a clearing within a forest). The first known reference to Tenetwara is found in a Charter of 968; it records Heronden pastureland granted by a lady Aethelflaed to Aelfwold for the sum of 1450 pence. In Thanet abbey in the seventh century, Domne Æfa the royal abbess was succeeded by her daughter Mildred, whose life became legendary; she
1152-615: The Cinque Port Barons, by tradition, carried the canopy over the monarch as he or she walked to and from the coronation. Afterwards, the Barons normally gave a share of the canopy to Christ Church at Canterbury. Another tradition was for the Barons to sit on the immediate right hand of the King or Queen at the banquet that followed the ceremony. That was the cause of much of the brawling among those who wanted to be regarded as "first at
1216-547: The Cinque Ports Charter, Tenterden was legally separated from Kent and formally incorporated with Rye. To maintain the town's freedom, independent governors were appointed, i.e. a Bailiff, Jurats and Heraldic emblem of the Cinque Ports 13th Century Cinque Ports Ship Communalty. The first Bailiff (Mayor) was Thomas, a local member of the substantial Petlesden family; Jurats were councillors with legal powers in
1280-544: The Confessor had set out his requirement to the south coast Portsmen, which was to use 20 of their ships, each with a crew of 21, for 15 days of service annually. Under William the Conqueror, his Charter (written to them in old French), coined the term "Cinque Ports" (but pronounced 'sink' ports); stated his requirement was 57 ships for 15 days annually. The 1155 Charter from Henry III had the same obligations but expanded on their benefits. These ports worked together in providing
1344-439: The Crown used the ships and the crews for longer periods – then the costs and wages became at the Crown's expense instead. In addition to providing ships and crews for sea battles at home and abroad, Portsmen fought in the king's armies and there were other obligations. The last time a Cinque Ports fleet sailed into action was in 1596, in response to a threatened Spanish invasion. These Confederation ports continually guarded
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#17327937270951408-633: The First World War, the once stagnant population of the town began to increase. During the Battle of Britain from July to October 1940, planes of the Luftwaffe whilst escaping the RAF following raids over London, would lighten their loads over Tenterden and the surrounding countryside causing widespread destruction. These bombs were a mixture of incendiary and high explosive bombs. By 1944, before
1472-514: The Great Stour river on their combined route to Canterbury and then Ashford. From Sarre, the road passes through the villages of Upstreet , Hersden and Sturry , and then to the city of Canterbury. It forms part of Canterbury's ring road before leaving via Wincheap and Thanington Without , where a sliproad linking to the A2 was completed in 2011. The A28 passes between the North Downs via
1536-408: The Kent & East Sussex Railway, Chapel Down Vineyard and Tenterden High Street itself bring thousands of visitors annually into the town. Tenterden Town Hall, a historic landmark in the high street, is undergoing extensive renovation. The hall closed in early 2024, and the work is expected to take approximately two years. The Confederation of Cinque Ports have played an important part in defining
1600-612: The Napoleonic Wars meant that naval blockades around the country were ended; the price of wheat collapsed due to cheap imports from Ukraine and the USA. This resulted in especially hard times for Tenterden agricultural workers. In the 1840s a second significant phase of emigration occurred, with these families seeking destinations both in the USA and in Australia. A 'Soup Kitchen' was established to help poor and hungry families -
1664-658: The New World early in the seventeenth century. Several prominent Tenterden families set sail for New England. In 1634 Nathaniel Tilden, once Mayor of Tenterden who had been baptised in St Mildred's, sailed on The Hercules with his wife, children and servants and settled in Scituate, Massachusetts. A century later, after the English Civil War, a Unitarian congregation was established in the town and by 1746
1728-712: The Parlour of the Mayor of Ashford in the Civic Centre in Tannery Lane. After 48 years, on 31 October 2022, "The Executive Leader of Ashford Borough Council" and "Worshipful the Mayor of Ashford" returned the Tenterden Rural District Council Chairman's Badge of Office back to Tenterden Town Council. The ribbon carries 9ct. gold bars, each engraved with past chairmen. The Badge is made in 9ct. gold, hallmarked Birmingham 1959. On
1792-525: The Ports to attend a coronation and is solely honorary in nature. Since 1960, Tenterden Town Council has bestowed on a number of its citizens the honorary title of Freeman (Freewoman). The Freedom itself carries no privilege and is purely an honour, reflecting the eminence of the person on whom it is conferred or in recognition of significant and valuable services rendered to the community by that person. The list of Freemen and Freewomen is: In 1449 by means of
1856-543: The Tenterden Cinque Port Mayor was granted for the first time to attend the Coronation as Baron. This recognition went to Cllr Joseph Robert Dingle for King Edward VII's Coronation on 9 August 1902. Since then, there have been four other Coronation Barons. These were: In the 21st century the title Baron of the Cinque Ports is reserved for Freemen elected by the Mayor, Jurats and Common Council of
1920-525: The annual supply of holy oil to the church. By 1178/9 we have the first recorded use of the town's name as "Tentwardene" appearing in a Pipe Roll of Henry II . The earliest reference to a church in Tenterden is from the same date. After 1027 the Thanet Minster estates were acquired by St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, which had also received from Minster the famed relics of St Mildred. There
1984-447: The area and implores him for leniency. In the mid-fourteenth century King Edward III, in attempts to control smuggling, prohibited both the export of unwashed wool and the import of finished cloth. Consequently, Flemish weavers settled in the Weald. Tenterden and some of its neighbours became important centres of the broadcloth manufacturing industry, expanding and producing triple the amount of cloth as previously. The 15th century
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2048-604: The arrival of the Black Death and loss of population, the collapse of labour intensive farming was matched by a growth in sheep farming on the rich marshy pastures. The production of raw wool brought prosperity to the town. From the time of the Jutes, Kent had been divided into areas of land known as Lathes, which in turn were subdivided into Hundreds. The first mention of Tenterden is within the Lathe of Scary, which covered part of
2112-490: The authority if required to inflict the death penalty on offenders. New gallows had been set up in 1705 outside the town at Gallows Green, with the last recorded hanging taking place in 1785 before a crowd of some 1000 spectators. 1790 saw the building of a new Town Hall – since the fire of 1661, town meetings had taken place in the Woolpack Inn. At this time the town could show continuing improvements which include
2176-442: The banquet." The last time the canopies were borne by the Cinque Port Barons, was at the coronation of George IV where they apparently asked the king for the state treasury to pay for the colourful robes they wore. That request was swiftly rejected. William IV, who reigned for only seven years, did not invite them nor did his successor Queen Victoria in 1837 who was not amused. Despite losing their privileges and not attending
2240-502: The benefit of gas street lighting introduced in 1840, the trees being planted in 1871 to line the High Street and clean piped water delivered by the Cranbrook Water Company towards the end of the century. In 1890 the traditional May Day Fair, which had been an annual event in the High Street, was moved to the new Recreation Ground. However not all in Tenterden shared the nineteenth century prosperity. Britain's victory in
2304-577: The building survives today in Jackson's Lane behind the High Street, with its inscribed date of 1875. In 1903, Tenterden Town railway station was opened, but later closed in 1954, but half of it reopened in 1974 as the Kent and East Sussex Railway . The route starts at Tenterden Town Station and finishes at Bodiam station , near Bodiam Castle . The main line track is planned to be extended to Robertsbridge (near Hastings ) in East Sussex . After
2368-406: The continuing good fortunes of Tenterden from its wool trade. In 1449, King Henry VI, pressed Tenterden to join the Confederation as a limb of Rye, thereby providing Rye with much needed revenue as well as access to the shipbuilding facilities at Smallhythe. In return for Tenterden's support of Rye, the King granted Tenterden a Royal Charter which effectively gave the town self-government. In return,
2432-400: The coronations of William IV and Victoria, the barons fought to keep their right to attend and in 1901 this was granted. The Cinque Ports sent representatives to the coronation of Edward VII but no longer carried the canopy. Barons, including Tenterden's Mayor have been invited to all subsequent coronations since 1902, with the last coronation being for King Charles III on 6 May 2023. In 1902
2496-465: The front in the centre, are a collection of nine parish emblems. From the top in clockwise direction the emblems are: Today, Tenterden Town Council is still based in the 18th century Tenterden Town Hall (on the High Street) and has continued to be very active council providing numerous services. The Council consists of 16 councillors representing four wards across the parish. They are supported by
2560-525: The hamlet of Southern Tenterden was the thriving port with quays and a tidal dock surrounded by plentiful timber and iron supplies. It was one of the country's leading shipbuilding centre for much of the 15th and 16th centuries, constructing vessels for wars against the French. Repairs in the yard, and the breaking up of old ships were an important part of the work, as well as building small vessels for local merchants and fishing families. Another useful small port
2624-491: The invasion of France, troops from Canada, US, Australia, plus the Welsh Fusiliers were stationed in Tenterden with all their weapons and munitions. Such was their importance that Field marshal Bernard Montgomery addressed these troops on Tenterden's Recreation Ground. After D-Day, the town and local villages were hit by multiple V1 rockets, commonly referred to as Doodlebugs, which wrought considerable damage. In 1974
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2688-768: The local inn. Claimants included one Thomas Caxton, brother to the renowned printer William Caxton – reputedly born in Tenterden. The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports remains the "Keeper of the Coast" and notable holders of the post have included the William Pitt the Younger, Duke of Wellington, Sir Winston Churchill and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. The Lord Warden is appointed by the sovereign, and since 1267 has also been Constable of Dover Castle. In 1728, Lord Warden Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, made Walmer Castle built in 1540 his official residence (at one stage Walmer
2752-474: The members together had to fulfil all the duties needed to maintain a fighting, merchant navy. Tenterden's official "Seal" showed a masted ship bearing the arms of the Cinque Ports and the Petlesdens. In 1066, Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror defeated King Harold on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings. At the end of the bloody, all-day battle, Harold was killed with an arrow shot in the eye. William
2816-464: The north grazed their pigs on the abundant acorns and nuts. In an early charter of 724 AD Æthelberht (son of King Wihtred of Kent) granted land in the wooded area around Romney Marsh and present-day Tenterden to Mildrith (Mildred) the Abbess of Thanet. With tidal waters nearby, the salted winter meat supplies could be returned up the coast via an easy sea journey. Thus, the origin of the town's name
2880-410: The parish of Ebony and Reading Street: this appeared in 1241 when the town was recorded as one of the seven Hundreds located in the Weald. In 1279 several illicitly erected butchers' shops near to the church (probably temporary structures or shammels) were recorded as causing an encroachment on to the King's Highway. Having been cleared by a jury, the shopkeepers were permitted to stay on annual payment of
2944-531: The responsibility of Kent County Council. At midnight on 31 March 1974, both the Tenterden Borough and Tenterden Rural District Councils had their last meetings before the new Ashford Borough Council took over administration for both areas. The ceremonial Badge of Office of Tenterden Rural District Council was handed over to the newly formed Ashford Borough Council for safe keeping and it has remained on display, along with other historical artefacts, in
3008-686: The road becomes very winding. After the village of Brede there is a steep descent to bridge the river of the same name. Next is Westfield , just before the road climbs to terminate at its junction with the A21 just north of Hastings. Work has continued to improve the A28 into the 21st century. In 2011 a new slip road was completed to connect the road to the A2 in Canterbury. 51°10′39″N 0°54′19″E / 51.17759°N 0.90522°E / 51.17759; 0.90522 Tenterden Tenterden
3072-530: The same area. Following the outbreak of Corn Riots in 1768 in the town and nearby Woodchurch, the Secretary at War ordered a detachment of soldiers to march to the aid of the magistrates if required. At the end of the century in 1798 with the threat of invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte, barracks were erected at Reading Street on high ground close to Barrack Farm. Since 1449 the Bailiff and Jurats of Tenterden had
3136-560: The southern coast which included defending English fishing rights, and monarchs had to be ferried back and forth across the Channel on an interesting variety of missions. Further costs were incurred for maintaining the trappings of the Confederation, which Tenterden was always ready to dispute its annual share of Rye's costs. There were ways to redress these costs; the town's officials made the most of their 'expense accounts' payable by Rye: typically ferry fares, fish meals, with ale and wine from
3200-514: The term "Cinque Ports" as at that time there were only five recognised ports. In return, William's requirement was for the annual provision of 57 ships for 15 days. Cinque Port Mayors were first invited as Barons to coronations by King Richard I (known as the Lionheart) Coronation on 3 September 1189 as King of England. Richard's coronation ceremony was remarkable as it was the start of contemporary accounts being recorded. From then,
3264-579: The town Court; the Communalty included the privileged classes of merchants and freemen only. The town also enjoyed many privileges such as administering justice and it erected a set of gallows for the execution of criminals. This gruesome but popular event took place at Gallows Green with a main viewing platform for the general public. The last execution was in 1785. In 1894, The Local Government Act set up Rural District Councils in England, and Tenterden
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#17327937270953328-570: The town became more widely known. A visit by William Cobbett in 1823, led him to record Tenterden, with a population of around 2000 and flourishing cattle markets, as "a small market town and a singularly bright spot". In 1756, Oliver Goldsmith the playwright, performed in 'Romeo and Juliet' in a theatre housed probably in Bell's Lane to "tolerable houses" (audiences), remarking that he would never think of Tenterden, "without tears of gratitude and respect". By 1794 another theatre would be established in
3392-664: The town of Ashford in the Vale of Holmesdale . From here, the A28 proceeds via the market town of Tenterden , to the East Sussex seaside town of Hastings, on the English Channel . The A28 leaves Margate via the seaside resorts of Westgate and Birchington , and then heads inland reaching open countryside at the village of Sarre , after which the road roughly parallels both the Ashford-Ramsgate railway line and
3456-519: The town's Coat of Arms. In 1305, Edward I happened to be staying at Sissinghurst; he had banned from the Court his son Prince Edward (the future Edward II) for poor behaviour. The Prince brought his beloved (and notorious) companion Piers Gaveston with him to stay nearby in Pittlesden Manor. From here some of Edward's letters survive, in which he both complains to his father of boredom in
3520-408: The traditions of England's history and the town of Tenterden. The origin of the Confederation can be traced back to Saxon Times, when certain fishing ports in the south-east were given special privileges in return for ship service to the King. The Normans extended this practice to the ports of Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover and Sandwich, alongside two ancient towns, Winchelsea and Rye. In 1041, Edward
3584-510: The villages of Chartham , Chilham , Godmersham and Bilting , to enter the Vale of Holmesdale. The road reaches surburbia again at Kennington , a suburb of Ashford, but the A28 then skirts around the town centre of Ashford on a section of dual carriageway , where it has a junction with the A20 . In 1983, this section was named Simone Weil Avenue , in honour of the French philosopher and mystic who
3648-609: Was Tenterden District merging with the various Ashford districts and came under the control of Ashford Borough Council . At this time Tenterden Borough Council resolved to continue as a Town Council and continue to have a Mayor who is also the chair of the council. Ashford Borough Council as the district authority, became responsible for waste collection & recycling, street cleaning, licensing, planning, housing, environmental issues, cemeteries, parking, tourism and tax collection. Essential services such as education, highways, transportation, social services and public safety then become
3712-515: Was a Cinque port limb of Sandwich). He modernised and extended the castle accommodation previously used by the humble captain of the castle. The poor old captain was booted out. The Duke also enclosed what had previously been the captain's garden, and developed it. Originally, the castle was one of Henry VIII's so-called 'device forts', a network of artillery strongholds built to protect England against possible French invasion. From 1300 – 1550 up to two hundred people lived at Smallhythe,
3776-574: Was a golden age for Tenterden. The town was wealthy, prosperous, and strategically important. However, this was a time of religious turmoil. Following Henry Vlll's break in 1534 from the Catholic Church, the incidence of non-conformity grew significantly in the Tenterden area and indeed may have been substantial in earlier times. The town is considered one of the best English towns for a study of heterodox religion during this period. A desire for more freedom of worship saw great migrations to
3840-410: Was beloved throughout Kent and beyond, and sanctified. Today Tenterden's Anglican church of St. Mildred's is a Grade I heritage listed building standing majestically on high ground. It's likely that an early wooden Jutish church dedicated to her was situated on the same high spot. During the pre-Conquest period the records for St. Augustine's Abbey show Tenterden and other local villages paying the fee for
3904-466: Was determined to be seen as the legitimate King of England. He set his sights on being crowned in the new Abbey Church that Edward the Confessor had built beside his Palace at Westminster. For almost a thousand years, Westminster Abbey, with the Shrine of St Edward, King and Confessor, at its heart, has remained the place of coronation for our monarchs. William's Charter (written then in old French), coined
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#17327937270953968-474: Was installed to replace that of the medieval bailiff. Sadly In 1661 the medieval Court House (next to the present day White Lion) burnt down and many of the town's early official documents, including the original 1449 Cinque Ports Charter from Henry Vl, were destroyed. During this century a number of wealthy landowners built large houses both in the town and on its outskirts including Kench Hill, and Homewood, which today houses Homewood School and Sixth Form Centre;
4032-456: Was situated at Reading Street. A ferry was needed to get across to Wittersham on the Isle of Oxney. By the 14th century some grand ships built at Tenterden were helping the people of Rye to fulfil their duties for the Cinque Ports. Unfortunately, Rye suffered a series of catastrophic events: the Black Death, raids by marauding French forces, the changing course of the River Rother and the harbour no longer being navigable. From Rye's tragedies grew
4096-437: Was transitioned into a District. It became responsible for roadworks, general maintenance and housing for nine parishes. The Mayor's extra duty was as an ex officio " justice of the peace " until 1968 when the role was abolished. After 525 years of Tenterden's local powers which helped shape the town's and surrounding villages' destiny, on 1 April 1974, Local Government Act of 1972 was implemented for England and Wales. The result
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