63-782: A74 or A-74 may refer to: A74 road , a major road in the United Kingdom A74(M) and M74 motorways , another road in the United Kingdom that largely replaced the original A74 Benoni Defense , in the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings HLA-A74 , an HLA-A serotype Iceberg A-74 , an iceberg calved from the Antarctic Brunt Ice Shelf in February 2021 [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
126-430: A Category B building . The chapel remains in use, currently holding Ukrainian services on the first Sunday of every alternate month. Lockerbie is known internationally as the place where, on 21 December 1988, the wreckage of Pan Am Flight 103 crashed after a terrorist bomb on board detonated. In the United Kingdom, the event is often referred to as the "Lockerbie disaster" or the "Lockerbie bombing". Eleven residents of
189-851: A 27.4-metre (30.0 yd) span single-arch bridge, and continued to follow the Clyde Valley past the Roman Fort at Crawford towards Abington , where the Roman road to Edinburgh (now the A702 ) branched to the right. It left this sparsely populated section in the Southern Uplands and entered the Clydesdale communities of Lesmahagow , Kirkmuirhill and Larkhall , crossing the River Avon into Hamilton. Beyond Hamilton, it followed
252-623: A breakdown in discussions between the Westminster and Scottish governments. Currently the A74 is a suburban route of local importance that links the Gorbals and Broomhouse districts of Glasgow, via neighbourhoods in the city's East End. The road was infamous for its allegedly high accident rate, being dubbed a "killer road", which exacerbated the need to provide an alternative motorway route. Several high-profile accidents occurred, most notoriously
315-535: A bridge crossing Evan Water, which killed two horses and destroyed a coach, the Post Office became fed up with trying to improve the route through the turnpike system and, considering it to be one of the most important roads in Scotland, decided to seek alternative means to improve it. Thomas Telford stated that "the existing road is in such as ruinous state as to occasion much delay", and he managed to obtain
378-513: A centre for school activity courses and family adventure holidays. Steven's Croft power station opened in 2008 just to the north of the town. It is the largest biomass -powered electric generator in the UK. Located across the road from Lockerbie Academy, Lockerbie Ice Rink was built in 1966 and is one of the oldest indoor ice rinks in the United Kingdom . The town's senior football club
441-420: A gatehouse, a 2-acre (0.8 ha) walled garden, croquet lawn, orchards, helipad and a hunting dog pen. Until recently there was also a large stable block, but that has been partly converted into a house; the remaining stables are used by a local riding school. This large property has frequently been used as a country house hotel. The house is now owned by outdoor pursuits company Manor Adventure, and serves as
504-561: A grant under the guise of the Commissioners of Highland Roads and Bridges , to design engineering improvements to the route. Telford was particularly concerned about being able to reduce gradients and improve drainage on roads, and recommended an improved route of a width no less than 34 feet, the central 18 feet being metalled , and the remainder being two gravel verges. The route was surveyed by William Alexander Provis in 1814–15, and commenced construction in 1816. The project
567-647: A lowering in the price of coal, allowing a gas works to be built in the town in 1855. About 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Lockerbie along the C92 road to Dalton are the remains of Hallmuir prisoner-of-war camp . After the Second World War, this camp housed Ukrainian soldiers from the Galician Division of the Waffen SS . They built a chapel from converted army huts. It was listed in 2003 as
630-553: A memo from the Secretary of State for Transport about the matter, which stated "the plan is to complete the conversion in about 10 years. When this work is completed there will be a dual carriageway leading from the Border to Uddingston with no built-up areas along its length." By the early 1960s, these plans had changed to consider building a motorway in preference for the more straightforward online upgrades. The original section of
693-824: A northwest route, crossing the River Esk at Metal Bridge and the Caledonian Railway at the Mossband Viaduct before crossing the Scottish border at the River Sark . After passing through Gretna and Gretna Green, it followed the general line of the Caledonian railway toward Lockerbie and crossed the River Annan over a 24.4-metre (26.7 yd) bridge at Johnstonebridge . It followed
SECTION 10
#1732771994438756-435: A possible ring-cairn was also found during the school excavation. Found in the cemetery were a Collared Urn and a copper alloy dagger of Butterwick type, which is very rare in Scotland, and analysis shows it might have been imported from Wales. The cemetery was radiocarbon dated to between 2140 BC and 1690 BC. Another Bronze Age cemetery was found at Kirkburn, Lockerbie, and excavated in the 1960s. A corn-drying kiln dating to
819-491: A remnant of the old A74 as a stretch of two-lane dual carriageway between two long, three-lane motorways . Lex Gold, the director of the Scottish Confederation of British Industry , said "We are very disappointed indeed by this part of the programme revision. This will mean that for now and many years, road users will face a six-mile [9.6 km] dual carriageway between an excellent Scottish motorway and before
882-633: A series of "fast track" road improvements, the initial two being between Abington and Millbank, then from Kirkpatrick Fleming to Gretna. By 2008, the A74(M) motorway extended southwards to the northern terminus of the M6 , at the Scottish border, and was extended northwards in the mid-1990s as far as the Glasgow suburbs of Carmyle and Tollcross . In 2011 it was further extended to meet the M8. The parallel road which
945-428: A significant town, and from the 1780s it was a staging post on the carriage route from Glasgow to London. Perhaps the most important period of growth was during the 19th century. Thomas Telford 's Carlisle -to-Glasgow road was built through Lockerbie from 1816. The Caledonian Railway opened the line from Carlisle to Beattock through Lockerbie in 1847 and later all the way to Glasgow. From 1863 until 1966 Lockerbie
1008-521: Is a town in Dumfries and Galloway , south-western Scotland . It is about 120 km (75 miles) from Glasgow , and 25 km (16 miles) from the border with England. The 2001 Census recorded its population as 4,009. The town came to international attention in December 1988 when the wreckage of Pan Am Flight 103 crashed there following a terrorist bomb attack aboard the flight. In 2006, ahead of
1071-535: Is an extremely rare find with only one other site in Scotland showing evidence of flax production in the Neolithic period. Like with most other Neolithic timber halls, it was purposely burned down at the end of its use. There is also a Neolithic lithic -working, ritual and settlement site at Beckton Farm in Lockerbie that was excavated in the 1990s. A Bronze Age cremation and inhumation cemetery enclosed by
1134-689: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages A74 road The A74 , also known historically as the Glasgow to Carlisle Road , is a formerly major road in the United Kingdom, linking Glasgow in Scotland to Carlisle in North West England , passing through Clydesdale , Annandale and the Southern Uplands . It formed part of the longer route between Glasgow and London . A road has existed in this area since Roman Britain, and it
1197-481: Is the Lockerbie Memorial Garden of Remembrance . Lockerbie House was built in 1814 for Sir William Douglas, 4th Baronet of Kelhead and Dame Grace Johnstone and their children: Mary, Catherine, Christian, Henry Alexander, William Robert Keith Douglas , Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry and John Douglas, 7th Marquess of Queensberry . It was inhabited by several different members of
1260-582: The Battle of Dryfe Sands . The Johnstones killed many Maxwells involved in the battle and left many with sword cuts on their heads, leading to the expression "Lockerbie Lick." Lockerbie's main period of growth started in 1730 when the landowners, the Johnstone family, made plots of land available along the line of the High Street, producing in effect a semi-planned settlement. By 1750 Lockerbie had become
1323-576: The " Marquess of Queensberry rules ". Lockerbie House is an important establishment within Lockerbie, in the past having been owned mainly by the Johnstone Baronets and Douglas family (including Arthur Johnstone-Douglas ) together with most of the land and housing within the town. Like much of Lockerbie, this Georgian house is built of old red sandstone . It has about 40 bedrooms, and is situated within 78 acres (32 hectares) of secluded woodland and gardens, with several outbuildings including
SECTION 20
#17327719944381386-462: The A74 was becoming increasingly outdated and unsafe, and so a special speed limit of 60 mph (97 km/h) (40 mph (64 km/h) for HGVs) was imposed. Hector Monro MP was particularly concerned about the speed of heavy goods vehicles along the road, and wanted to erect signs reminding lorry drivers of what the correct limit for that class of vehicle was. He claimed that they did not realise they were driving on an all-purpose route and ignored
1449-473: The A74 was improved to motorway standard around Gretna, to 2008, when the M6 was extended northwards. Scottish ministers had previously expressed disappointment at slow progress over the border; in 1964, Dumfries MP Hector Monro stated "there is widespread feeling in the south of Scotland that the advance south over the Border of this important new road is being delayed because England is dragging her feet." When
1512-643: The Annan valley into a rural area away from any settlements as it crossed the Beattock Summit between the Annan and Clyde valleys towards Elvanfoot . This section is on a different alignment from the Roman Road, which, as might be expected, took a straighter route across more mountainous terrain, particularly at the Roman signal station near Black Fell. At Elvanfoot it crossed the River Clyde on
1575-455: The B7071. The A74 evolved from the Glasgow – Carlisle mail route. Originally, this followed the course of Roman roads , but by the early 19th century, this had become impractical as a fast through route for mail coaches. The problem had been exacerbated by the ineffective use of turnpike tolls, most of which consisted of little more than trying to fill potholes with stones. After an accident at
1638-517: The Douglas family through the generations; including both Archibald Douglas, 8th Marquis of Queensberry (son of John Douglas) and his wife Caroline Margaret Clayton (daughter of General Sir William Robert Clayton MP) and their children British mountaineer Lord Francis William Bouverie Douglas , Lady Gertrude Georgiana Douglas, John Sholto Douglas , Viscount Drumlanrig and later the 9th Marquess of Queensberry, clergyman Lord Archibald Edward Douglas and
1701-592: The East End suburbs ( Bridgeton , Celtic Park football stadium / Parkhead , Lilybank , Braidfauld , Foxley and Mount Vernon , all as London Road), then becoming Hamilton Road and running eastwards as far as Broomhouse where it ends at the Black Bear Roundabout, a feeder for the M74 Junction 3A ( Daldowie ). The road continues as the dual carriageway A721 for a short distance underneath
1764-658: The Glasgow Road north-west, crossing the Clyde at the Dalmarnock Bridge . It ended at the junction of Trongate and Gallowgate in the east end of Glasgow city centre. According to a summary in a report by the Institution of Civil Engineers , the length was 150 kilometres (93 miles). The original road has been largely downgraded and renumbered and now only one short stub remains outside the Glasgow area; within
1827-600: The Lockerbie Trust and is maintained with grant assistance from Dumfries & Galloway Council. There are two exhibition rooms in the Lodge and also the Dryfesdale Room that is used as a quiet room for visitors to reflect. A permanent exhibition room displays ten history panels depicting Lockerbie's past, stretching from its prehistoric origins to 1988's terrorist attack and beyond. In the cemetery grounds nearby
1890-556: The M6 was complete around Carlisle in 1971, a new 4.5-mile (7.2 km) section of dual carriageway A74 was created to tie in with the original road running from Kingstown. The 1916 Metal Bridge also had to be replaced, in order to accommodate the increased traffic levels. An offer from the Scottish Executive to build the road to meet the M6 was not accepted by the English Highways Agency . This left
1953-524: The M74 in the mid-1960s ran from just north of Kirkmuirhill in South Lanarkshire, connecting to an earlier dual carriageway bypass, to Hamilton . It was completed northwards in two stages, initially to Bothwell Bridge, and then Uddingston. In 1987, the then Secretary of State for Scotland, Malcolm Rifkind , announced the intention of completing the M74 from Glasgow to Carlisle. This commenced with
A74 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2016-594: The area. David Maclean , MP for Penrith and The Border , said "I'm fed up nagging about the Cumberland gap", adding "I know the government considers railways to be a higher priority, but Cumbria cannot survive without decent roads." In August 2008, when the A74 was still an all-purpose road across the Cumberland Gap, the Highways Agency took out a special order to ban cyclists and pedestrians from
2079-645: The centre, including Lockerbie Town Hall , completed in 1880. A little to the north of the centre is the Dryfesdale Parish Church, with its brightly decorated interior. The name Dryfesdale comes from the local river, the Dryfe Water, which joins the River Annan a little to the west of the town. Dryfesdale Lodge Visitors' Centre, formerly a cemetery worker's cottage, was opened on 25 October 2003 after extensive renovation work funded by
2142-510: The century and into the 20th, and it became one of the first trunk roads in Britain in 1936. From the 1960s the road started to be replaced by a parallel motorway , largely designated the M74 . The last remaining section of all-purpose road on Telford's original alignment, the so-called "Cumberland Gap" between Carlisle and Metal Bridge, was replaced by a motorway in 2008 after years of delays due to
2205-608: The city boundaries it contains various remnants of a project from the 1930s that rerouted the road to run from Hamilton to Glasgow via Uddingston and the King's Bridge . According to contemporary Ordnance Survey mapping, the A74 starts in the Gorbals as Ballater Street, meeting the A8 (the A728 also starts here) and crosses the Clyde at the King's Bridge, runs through Glasgow Green and into
2268-435: The construction of a new primary and secondary school, archaeologists from CFA Archaeology undertook excavations. They discovered the remains of a large (27 m x 8 m) Neolithic timber hall that dated to somewhere between 3950 BC to 3700 BC. The archaeologists found it was in use for some time as some of the posts had been replaced. Flax seeds were found in the timber hall, showing the people were processing flax. This
2331-529: The days of Viking influence in this part of Scotland in the period around 900. The name (originally "Loc-hard's by") means Lockard Town in Old Norse . Lockerbie first entered recorded history in the 1190s in a charter of Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale , granting the lands of Lockerbie to Adam de Carlyle. It appears as Lokardebi in 1306. About two miles (three kilometres) west of Lockerbie on 7 December 1593, Clan Johnstone fought Clan Maxwell at
2394-480: The debris of Pan Am Flight 103 in December 1988, which partially fell on the road near Lockerbie and caused several fatalities. The original route as classified by the Ministry of Transport was published as "Carlisle (Kingstown)– Gretna Green – Lockerbie – Crawford – Hamilton – Cambuslang –Glasgow". It started at the junction of Parkhouse Road and Kingstown Road to the north of Carlisle city centre, and followed
2457-451: The different speed limits. On 16 June 1975, an articulated lorry travelling southbound in heavy rain crossed the central reserve of the A74 near Beattock, hitting a coach that was travelling northbound. Ten passengers travelling in the coach were killed, including the driver, and twenty were seriously injured. Since the accident involved traversing a grass-covered central reserve, concerns were raised about retrofitting crash barriers along
2520-602: The elevated lanes of the M73 Maryville Interchange until a small roundabout towards either Birkenshaw (B7001) or Uddingston – the latter route becomes the A74 again (on its original alignment) for a matter of a few hundred yards to Powburn junction, where New Edinburgh Road eastwards then takes on the A721 designation leading on to Viewpark and Bellshill , while Uddingston Main Street southwards downgrades to
2583-406: The entirety of the road. On 22 December 2004, a major road accident occurred on the Cumberland Gap section of the A74 near Metal Bridge, after high winds tipped a lorry travelling southbound onto the opposite carriageway, causing it to collide with two other goods vehicles. Because one of the lorries carried chemicals, the entire road had to be shut for 24 hours, causing widespread congestion across
A74 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2646-518: The government would take civil action against Pan Am for the damage caused to the A74. He stressed the action was concerned with negligence by the company over its aircraft and had no connection with the ongoing investigation of terrorism. A74(M) and M74 motorways , which have largely replaced the A74 55°50′12″N 4°09′20″W / 55.83679°N 4.1556°W / 55.83679; -4.1556 Lockerbie Lockerbie ( / ˈ l ɒ k ər b i / , Scottish Gaelic : Locarbaidh )
2709-477: The government's targeted plan of improvements in 2002, with the intention to start work around 2005–06 at a cost of £65 million. Due to delays with the G8 Conference in 2005, construction work started on 25 July 2006, and included a replacement for the 1971 Metal Bridge, and a new VOSA testing site. The new stretch of road was officially opened by Lord Adonis on 5 December 2008, the 50th anniversary of
2772-457: The late medieval or early post-medieval period (1450–1800 CE) was also discovered next to the cemetery. Finally, an Anglian timber hall dating to 430–670 CE was also discovered during the school excavation. That building was built over an earlier structure that is similar to earlier British structures, which led the archaeologists to believe the Angles came into the area and replaced
2835-515: The local structure with their timber hall as a show of dominance. It is thought that the timber hall might be from the reign of Aethelfrith during an initial Northumbrian advance into south-west Scotland and that it was a drinking hall or meeting hall. There is also the Torwood Roman camp next to Lockerbie. All of these sites indicated that people have been living in Lockerbie for at least 6000 years. Lockerbie has existed since at least
2898-630: The modern A74 route within Glasgow. It became a trunk road when the act was first published in 1936. A contemporary report also suggested renumbering the entire A74, along with the A82 as an extension of the A6 to Inverness , matching the London — Carlisle — Glasgow — Inverness trunk road as used in internal Ministry of Transport documentation, but this was rejected as the cost of replacing signs would be prohibitively expensive. Due to its continued status as one of
2961-443: The most important connections between England and Scotland, talks began in the 1950s to improve its quality to cater for modern motor traffic. While a 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 -mile (7.2 km) section of dual carriageway had already been completed before World War II , Tom Steele , then MP for Lanark , was particularly keen on the entire route from Carlisle to Uddingston being dualled before the mid-1960s. On 2 August 1956, he received
3024-664: The opening of the first motorway in the UK, the Preston Bypass , now also part of the M6. It subsequently became one of the finalists for the Prime Minister's Award for Better Public Building (losing to Joseph Chamberlain Sixth Form College ). The A74 drew regular criticism over its perceived lack of safety. Some motorists had criticised the A74 as being a "killer road" due to its perceived high number of accidents. MPs, however, were keen to stress that
3087-530: The original bridge was housed in Tullie House Museum in Carlisle. Roads started to be classified with route numbers in 1921, with the Glasgow – Carlisle road receiving the number A74, mostly following the route as designed by Telford. On 16 May 1936, the road was diverted away from Telford's route to run from Glasgow to Motherwell via Uddingston — it is a portion of this realignment that forms
3150-480: The rate of accidents was no different from any other road of comparable traffic size. In 1976, Frank McElhone , then the Under-Secretary of State for Scotland, stated that "the A74 has gained a bad reputation. Whether this is justified in comparison with other roads is to some extent a matter of opinion." By the 1970s, following completion of the M6 to north of Carlisle, the remaining all-purpose section of
3213-421: The road over the Beattock Summit, construction of the original Metal Bridge just south of the Scottish Border in 1820, and carrying the road over Cartland Craigs by a 130-foot viaduct. According to author Frederick Mort, the Glasgow to Carlisle road "became a model for future engineers." In 1916, Telford's original metal bridge was replaced by a modern concrete structure at a cost of £16,000. A small section of
SECTION 50
#17327719944383276-446: The road widens for the existing M6." On 1 July 1999, following devolution , control of the A74 improvements passed over to the Scottish Parliament, meaning that they could only improve the route as far as the border. After years of political battles between the English Highways Agency and the Scottish Executive , followed by a lengthy design and public enquiry phase, the "M6 Motorway Extension Carlisle to Guards Mill" became part of
3339-441: The route, advising them to use the A7 to Longtown instead. Despite warning signs for cyclists being erected, traffic officer Glenn Lamont still found that "some cyclists are ignoring this and with the roadworks and contra flow in place there is a really high risk of an accident". In December 1988, the A74 around Lockerbie received international media attention, when Pan Am Flight 103 was destroyed by an explosive device above
3402-448: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A74&oldid=1136021791 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3465-431: The town were killed in Sherwood Crescent, where the aircraft's wings and fuel tanks plummeted in a fiery explosion, destroying several houses and leaving a large crater, with debris causing damage to other buildings nearby. All 259 people on the flight also died. The 270 total victims were citizens of 20 different nations. The event remains the deadliest terrorist attack and aviation disaster in Britain. Lockerbie Academy ,
3528-488: The town's high school, became the headquarters for the response and recovery effort after the Pan Am Flight 103 disaster. Subsequently, the academy, in cooperation with Syracuse University of Syracuse, New York , US, which lost 35 students in the bombing, established a scholarship at the university. Each year, two students spend one academic year at Syracuse University as Lockerbie Scholars before they begin their university study. The rector of Lockerbie Academy, Graham Herbert,
3591-422: The town, scattering debris around the local area. The wing section of the aircraft landed in Sherwood Crescent, which runs parallel to what was then the A74 Lockerbie Bypass, destroying houses and striking several vehicles. According to eyewitness reports, the resulting fires caused cars to be set alight on the road, and took "a huge bite out of the southbound lane". In 1994, the Prime Minister, John Major , said
3654-531: The twins Lord James Douglas and Lady Florence Dixie (who married Sir Alexander Beaumont Churchill Dixie, 11th Baronet). John Sholto Douglas was a patron of sport and a noted boxing enthusiast. In 1866 he was one of the founders of the Amateur Athletic Club, now the Amateur Athletic Association of England. The following year the club published a set of twelve rules for conducting boxing matches. The rules had been drawn up by John Graham Chambers, but appeared under Queensberry's sponsorship and are universally known as
3717-449: Was also a railway junction, serving a branch line to Dumfries . Known as the Dumfries, Lochmaben and Lockerbie Railway , it was closed to passengers in 1952 and to freight in 1966. The town is served by Lockerbie railway station . Lockerbie had been home to Scotland's largest lamb market since the 18th century but the arrival of the Caledonian Railway increased further its role in the cross-border trade in sheep. The railway also produced
3780-447: Was completed in 1825 at a total cost of £50,000, and like the earlier route, it was tolled. While the various turnpike trusts retained control for a few sections, the vast majority was rebuilt under the direction of Telford. Eight new toll-houses were constructed – one of these, at Dinwoodie Lodge near Johnstonebridge still exists today, and became a Grade I Listed building in December 1988. Notable engineering feats included taking
3843-419: Was considered one of the most important roads in Scotland, being used as a regular mail service route. The road received a substantial upgrade in the early 19th century under the direction of Thomas Telford , who made significant engineering improvements, including a new route over the Beattock Summit and the Metal Bridge just in England just south of the border. Engineering improvements continued throughout
SECTION 60
#17327719944383906-436: Was recognised in November 2003 at Syracuse University with the Chancellor's Medal for outstanding service. A former student of the academy, Helen Jones, was killed in the 7 July 2005 London bombings . In her memory, a new scholarship was set up, awarding £1000 towards further education to aspiring accounting students from the academy. Much of Lockerbie is built from red sandstone. There are several imposing buildings near
3969-406: Was the A74 has been mostly downgraded in two sections as the B7076 and B7078. The Cumberland Gap (named after the historic county of Cumberland , now part of Cumbria , as a pun on the American folk song ) was the 5.8 miles (9.3 km) of A74 between the northern terminus of the M6 at Carlisle, and the south end of the A74(M) at the Scottish border. It existed as an isolated stub from 1992, when
#437562