31-422: ABL may refer to: In medicine [ edit ] ABL (gene) , a proto-oncogene associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia Abetalipoproteinemia , a rare genetic disorder Accidental bowel leakage, also known as fecal incontinence Computing [ edit ] A Block diagram Language , a hardware description language Advanced Business Language ,
62-452: A large eddy simulation technique to problems related to the PBL. Perhaps the most important processes, which are critically dependent on the correct representation of the PBL in the atmospheric models ( Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project ), are turbulent transport of moisture ( evapotranspiration ) and pollutants ( air pollutants ). Clouds in the boundary layer influence trade winds ,
93-593: A cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or a 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2–11. Mutations in the ABL1 gene are associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In CML, the gene is activated by being translocated within the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene on chromosome 22. This new fusion gene, BCR-ABL , encodes an unregulated, cytoplasm-targeted tyrosine kinase that allows
124-430: A density stratified flow. The balance between the rate of the turbulent kinetic energy production and its dissipation determines the planetary boundary layer depth. The PBL depth varies broadly. At a given wind speed, e.g. 8 m/s, and so at a given rate of the turbulence production, a PBL in wintertime Arctic could be as shallow as 50 m, a nocturnal PBL in mid-latitudes could be typically 300 m in thickness, and
155-518: A former name for Denmark's top men's ice hockey league Entertainment [ edit ] A Beautiful Lie , 30 Seconds to Mars's second studio album A Bug's Life , a 1998 film A Bug's Life (video game) , the video game based on the film Military and weaponry [ edit ] Airborne Laser , a weapons system designed for use by the United States military Allegany Ballistics Laboratory Armored Box Launcher ,
186-507: A launch container for the BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missile Companies, groups, organizations [ edit ] ABL Space Systems Alameda Belt Line railroad Air Busan of South Korea (ICAO airline code) NSW Business Chamber , formerly Australian Business Limited, a business organisation Academia Brasileira de Letras (Brazilian Academy of Letters) Other uses [ edit ] Activity-based learning ,
217-432: A league that only played a single full season American Basketball League (1996–1998) , a women's basketball league American Basketball League (2013–2015) , a semi-professional men's basketball league ASEAN Basketball League , a professional basketball league for ASEAN nations Australian Baseball League: Australian Baseball League (1989–1999) (defunct) Australian Baseball League AL-Bank Ligaen ,
248-956: A range of pedagogical approaches to teaching based on doing some hands-on experiment and activities ABL , glossing abbreviation for ablative case Asset-based lending Ambler Airport in Alaska (IATA airport code) Atmospheric boundary layer , the region where the atmosphere interacts with the surface of the earth Australian bat lyssavirus , a rabies-like virus found in Australian bats Lampung Nyo language , an Austronesian language of Indonesia, by ISO 639-3 language code See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "abl" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles beginning with ABL All pages with titles containing ABL All pages with titles beginning with abl AB1 (disambiguation) ABI (disambiguation) able (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
279-440: A tropical PBL in the trade-wind zone could grow to its full theoretical depth of 2000 m. The PBL depth can be 4000 m or higher in late afternoon over desert. In addition to the surface layer, the planetary boundary layer also comprises the PBL core (between 0.1 and 0.7 of the PBL depth) and the PBL top or entrainment layer or capping inversion layer (between 0.7 and 1 of the PBL depth). Four main external factors determine
310-633: Is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ABL1 gene (previous symbol ABL ) located on chromosome 9 . c-Abl is sometimes used to refer to the version of the gene found within the mammalian genome, while v-Abl refers to the viral gene, which was initially isolated from the Abelson murine leukemia virus . The ABL1 proto-oncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division , cell adhesion , and stress response such as DNA repair . Activity of ABL1 protein
341-918: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages ABL (gene) 1AB2 , 1AWO , 1BBZ , 1JU5 , 1OPL , 1ZZP , 2ABL , 2E2B , 2FO0 , 2G1T , 2G2F , 2G2H , 2G2I , 2GQG , 2HIW , 2HYY , 2HZ0 , 2HZ4 , 2HZI , 2V7A , 3CS9 , 3EG0 , 3EG1 , 3EG2 , 3EG3 , 3EGU , 3K2M , 3QRI , 3QRJ , 3QRK , 3T04 , 3UE4 , 3UYO , 3PYY , 4J9B , 4J9C , 4J9D , 4J9E , 4J9F , 4J9G , 4J9H , 4J9I , 4JJB , 4JJC , 4JJD , 4TWP , 4WA9 , 4XEY , 4YC8 , 5DC9 , 5DC4 , 5DC0 , 2O88 , 5HU9 25 11350 ENSG00000097007 ENSMUSG00000026842 P00519 P00520 NM_007313 NM_005157 NM_001112703 NM_009594 NM_001283045 NM_001283046 NM_001283047 NP_005148 NP_009297 NP_001106174 NP_001269974 NP_001269975 NP_001269976 NP_033724 Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 also known as ABL1
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#1732773327315372-478: Is even larger over the sea, where there is much less diurnal variation of the height of the boundary layer than over land. In the convective boundary layer, strong mixing diminishes vertical wind gradient. The planetary boundary layer is different between day and night. During the day inversion layers formed during the night are broken up as a consequence of the turbulent rise of heated air. The boundary layer stabilises "shortly before sunset" and remains so during
403-509: Is important in dispersion of pollutants and in soil erosion . The reduction in velocity near the surface is a function of surface roughness, so wind velocity profiles are quite different for different terrain types. Rough, irregular ground, and man-made obstructions on the ground can reduce the geostrophic wind speed by 40% to 50%. Over open water or ice, the reduction may be only 20% to 30%. These effects are taken into account when siting wind turbines . For engineering purposes,
434-522: Is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain , and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene . The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR and ABL1 genes, leading to a fusion gene present in many cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia . The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2 -mediated phosphorylation , suggesting
465-615: Is some evidence that the expression of Abl is regulated by the microRNA miR-203 . Atmospheric boundary layer In meteorology , the planetary boundary layer ( PBL ), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer ( ABL ) or peplosphere , is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behaviour is directly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface . On Earth it usually responds to changes in surface radiative forcing in an hour or less. In this layer physical quantities such as flow velocity , temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations ( turbulence ) and vertical mixing
496-530: Is strong. Above the PBL is the "free atmosphere", where the wind is approximately geostrophic (parallel to the isobars), while within the PBL the wind is affected by surface drag and turns across the isobars (see Ekman layer for more detail). Typically, due to aerodynamic drag , there is a wind gradient in the wind flow ~100 meters above the Earth's surface—the surface layer of the planetary boundary layer. Wind speed increases with increasing height above
527-480: The cell cycle regulation system, leading to a clonal myeloproliferative disorder . The BCR-ABL protein can be inhibited by various small molecules. One such inhibitor is imatinib mesylate , which occupies the tyrosine kinase domain and inhibits BCR-ABL's influence on the cell cycle . Second generation BCR-ABL tyrosine-kinase inhibitors are also under development to inhibit BCR-ABL mutants resistant to imatinib. ABL gene has been shown to interact with: There
558-570: The surface layer ), with near constant average wind speed up through 1000 m. The shearing of the wind is usually three-dimensional, that is, there is also a change in direction between the 'free' pressure gradient-driven geostrophic wind and the wind close to the ground. This is related to the Ekman spiral effect. The cross-isobar angle of the diverted ageostrophic flow near the surface ranges from 10° over open water, to 30° over rough hilly terrain, and can increase to 40°-50° over land at night when
589-476: The PBL depth and its mean vertical structure: A convective planetary boundary layer is a type of planetary boundary layer where positive buoyancy flux at the surface creates a thermal instability and thus generates additional or even major turbulence. (This is also known as having CAPE or convective available potential energy ; see atmospheric convection .) A convective boundary layer is typical in tropical and mid-latitudes during daytime. Solar heating assisted by
620-515: The cells to proliferate without being regulated by cytokines . This, in turn, allows the cell to become cancerous . This gene is a partner in a fusion gene with the BCR gene in the Philadelphia chromosome , a characteristic abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and rarely in some other leukemia forms. The BCR-ABL transcript encodes a tyrosine kinase , which activates mediators of
651-406: The ground, starting from zero due to the no-slip condition . Flow near the surface encounters obstacles that reduce the wind speed, and introduce random vertical and horizontal velocity components at right angles to the main direction of flow. This turbulence causes vertical mixing between the air moving horizontally at one level and the air at those levels immediately above and below it, which
SECTION 20
#1732773327315682-469: The heat released from the water vapor condensation could create such strong convective turbulence that the free convective layer comprises the entire troposphere up to the tropopause (the boundary in the Earth's atmosphere between the troposphere and the stratosphere ), which is at 10 km to 18 km in the Intertropical convergence zone ). The SBL is a PBL when negative buoyancy flux at
713-607: The new name for Progress 4GL OpenEdge Advanced Business Language , a business application development language created and maintained by Progress Software Corporation Sports [ edit ] African Basketball League Alaska Baseball League American Basketball League, a name that has been used by three defunct basketball leagues in the United States: American Basketball League (1925–1955) , an early professional basketball league American Basketball League (1961–1962) ,
744-460: The night. All this make up a daily cycle. During winter and cloudy days the breakup of the nighttime layering is incomplete and atmospheric conditions established in previous days can persist. The breakup of the nighttime boundary layer structure is fast on sunny days. The driving force is convective cells with narrow updraft areas and large areas of gentle downdraft. These cells exceed 200–500 m in diameter. As Navier–Stokes equations suggest,
775-420: The planetary boundary layer dynamics and microphysics, are strongly non-linear and considerably influenced by properties of the Earth's surface and evolution of processes in the free atmosphere. To deal with this complexity, the whole array of turbulence modelling has been proposed. However, they are often not accurate enough to meet practical requirements. Significant improvements are expected from application of
806-400: The planetary boundary layer turbulence is produced in the layer with the largest velocity gradients that is at the very surface proximity. This layer – conventionally called a surface layer – constitutes about 10% of the total PBL depth. Above the surface layer the PBL turbulence gradually dissipates, losing its kinetic energy to friction as well as converting the kinetic to potential energy in
837-434: The predicted gradient height are 457 m for large cities, 366 m for suburbs, 274 m for open terrain, and 213 m for open sea. Although the power law exponent approximation is convenient, it has no theoretical basis. When the temperature profile is adiabatic, the wind speed should vary logarithmically with height. Measurements over open terrain in 1961 showed good agreement with the logarithmic fit up to 100 m or so (within
868-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ABL . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ABL&oldid=1210264905 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
899-565: The surface damps the turbulence; see Convective inhibition . An SBL is solely driven by the wind shear turbulence and hence the SBL cannot exist without the free atmosphere wind. An SBL is typical in nighttime at all locations and even in daytime in places where the Earth's surface is colder than the air above. An SBL plays a particularly important role in high latitudes where it is often prolonged (days to months), resulting in very cold air temperatures. Physical laws and equations of motion, which govern
930-438: The wind gradient is modeled as a simple shear exhibiting a vertical velocity profile varying according to a power law with a constant exponential coefficient based on surface type. The height above ground where surface friction has a negligible effect on wind speed is called the "gradient height" and the wind speed above this height is assumed to be a constant called the "gradient wind speed". For example, typical values for
961-469: The wind speed is very low. After sundown the wind gradient near the surface increases, with the increasing stability. Atmospheric stability occurring at night with radiative cooling tends to vertically constrain turbulent eddies , thus increasing the wind gradient. The magnitude of the wind gradient is largely influenced by the weather , principally atmospheric stability and the height of any convective boundary layer or capping inversion . This effect