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81-576: Anxin forms part of the Xiong'an New Area designated by the government in 2017. There are nine towns and three townships under the county's administration. Towns: Townships: This Baoding location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Xiong%27an Xiong'an New Area is a state-level new area in the Baoding area of Hebei , China. Established in April 2017,

162-728: A high degree of confidentiality. On 23 February 2017, Xi made on-site inspection to Anxin County and Baiyang Lake , chairing a symposium, listening to reports and delivering an important speech on the planning and construction of Xiong'an New Area. On 1 April 2017, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council issued a notice, deciding to establish the Xiong'an New Area. In

243-483: A major departure from the model throughout China where customers could buy houses from property developers before they were built. Government of China The government of the People's Republic of China is based on a system of people's congress within the parameters of a unitary communist state , in which the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) enacts its policies through people's congresses. This system

324-473: A meeting of leading cadres was held in Rongcheng County. At the meeting, it was agreed that in the next step, management and control should continue to be a top priority, especially on land issues. The government must do a good job of management and control, communicating and propagating at all levels, and managing the power grid. The needs of the people need to be addressed as much as possible, and on

405-459: A number of Beijing's administrative and back-office functions to Baoding. According to the memoir Dealing with China by US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson , Xi Jinping , General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party , told him personally in July 2014, and said the idea was his "own personal initiative". On 26 February 2014, after hearing reports from Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Xi considered

486-627: A paradigm shift in China's approach to urban development and to mark the political era of Xi Jinping. It has therefore received the highest levels of state support in terms of planning, resources, and political commitment. Xu Kuangdi is Xi's lead advisor for the development of Xiong'an, as of at least 2023. The planning scope of the Xiong'an New Area covers the 3 counties of Xiong , Rongcheng , and Anxin in Hebei Province and some surrounding areas. The planning and construction will take

567-483: A policy approach that combined centralized leadership with intense mass mobilization, and that this mode of governance is defined by continuous experimentation and improvisation. According to academics Jérôme Doyon and Chloé Froissart, the adaptive capacity resulting from a heritage of guerrilla warfare has made the CCP adept in dealing with uncertainty and has translated into a capacity to experiment first and then systemize

648-553: A specific area as the starting area (about 100 square kilometers) for development. The medium-term development area is about 200 square kilometers and the long-term area is about 2,000 square kilometers. Xiong'an railway station , on the Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway , was opened on 27 December 2020. Baigou railway station and Baiyangdian railway station , on Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway , are within reach. Beijing Daxing International Airport (opened in 2019) serves

729-683: A variable number of vice premiers , five state councilors (protocol equal of vice premiers but with narrower portfolios), the secretary-general , and 26 ministers and other cabinet-level department heads . It consists of ministries and agencies with specific portfolios. The State Council presents most initiatives to the NPCSC for consideration after previous endorsement by the CCP's Politburo Standing Committee . China's judicial organs are political organs that perform prosecutorial and court functions. Because of their political nature, China does not have judicial independence . China's courts are supervised by

810-888: A visit to Helsinki, Finland, gave instructions to prevent real estate speculation. Secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee and Mayor Xu Qin was also appointed as the Standing Party Committee of Hebei Province, and then the Deputy Secretary. The same day, on 1 April 2017, the Provincial Government and the Hebei Provincial Party Committee decided to establish the Preparatory Work Committee and

891-400: Is 0.12–0.23 km per 1 km . Baiyang Lake , northern China's largest freshwater lake, is also included within the new area. The project aims to support restoration of the wetlands surrounding the lake. Baiyang Lake is Xiong'an's most significant natural feature, including for its cultural and historical significance. It is noted for its scenic beauty. Many Chinese people know of

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972-419: Is 41.2°C, the record low temperature is -22.2°C, the annual sunshine hour is 2298.4 hours. The average precipitation is 495.1 mm. The area is located in the plain to the east of Taihang Mountain. The terrain gradually decreases from northwest to southeast. The ground elevation is mostly 5 to 26 meters, and the ground slope is less than 2‰. By 2014, China's central government was considering to relocate

1053-462: Is an agency directly under the Government of Hebei Province. This committee exercises economic and social management powers granted by the state and Hebei province. The regulations will be officially implemented on 1 September 2021. Xiong'an's development is a state-led project with limited non-state participation. Xiong'an is the product of strong political will and is intended to demonstrate

1134-571: Is assisted by several vice premiers , currently four, each of them overseeing a certain area of administration. The premier, vice premiers and the State Councilors collectively form the inner cabinet that regularly convenes for the State Council Executive Meeting. The State Council includes 26 constituent ministries, and officially oversees the provincial-level governments throughout China. Generally,

1215-534: Is based on the principle of unified state power , in which the legislature, the National People's Congress (NPC), is constitutionally enshrined as "the highest state organ of power." As China's political system has no separation of powers , there is only one branch of government which is represented by the legislature. The CCP through the NPC enacts unified leadership, which requires that all state organs, from

1296-527: Is located at the geometric center of major cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. According to Xu Kuangdi , its location was also motivated by the traditional Chinese philosophy of positioning a city near mountains, rivers, and along axial lines. Xiong'an's layout mixes urban and natural spaces organized in a manner termed "one center, five subcenters, and multiple nodes". As of 2024, 74,000 new trees had been planted in Xiong'an. Xiong'an

1377-479: Is more assertive than the NPC itself and has vetoed proposed laws. The CCP Politburo Standing Committee consists of the government's top leadership. Historically it has had five to nine members. As of 2024, it has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the Politburo, a larger decision-making body, is not in session. According to

1458-568: Is planned as a Smart City . Its urban design is based on the idea of the " fifteen minute life cycle" in which all the goods and services needed by an urban person should be available within a fifteen minute walk. Xiong'an is well-endowed in water features and resources, which is comparatively unusual for north China . The area is located in the Daqing River system of the Haihe River Basin. The average river network density

1539-412: Is planned to be erected by 2035, and to be completed by the middle of the 21st century. The area covers the counties of Xiong , Rongcheng and Anxin . Its name is a compound of the first elements of the names of two of them: Xiong and Anxin. The construction of the area is described as part of the "millennium strategy" ( 千年大计 ). Unlike other " new areas ", Xiong'an's development is taking place under

1620-679: The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre . On the relationship between the government and the CCP, James Palmer, writing for Foreign Policy , states that, "[t]he Chinese government is essentially the shadow of the Communist Party, moving as the party does, and consequently government roles matter far less than party ones." According to The Economist , "[e]specially when meeting foreigners, officials may present name cards bearing government titles but stay quiet about party positions which may or may not outrank their state jobs." According to scholar Rush Doshi , "[t]he Party sits above

1701-626: The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of the year, Xi emphasized that the core problem of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is to relieve Beijing's non-capital functions, reduce Beijing's population density, and promote economic and social development to adapt to the population, resources and environment. On 10 February 2015, at the 9th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs , Xi put forward

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1782-573: The Chinese economic reform , China has been characterized by a high degree of political centralization but significant economic decentralization. The central government sets the strategic direction while local officials carry it out, including developing the details of policy. Academics Sebastian Heilmann and Elizabeth Perry write that policy-making in China is influenced by the Chinese Communist Revolution , resulting in

1863-612: The Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square , Beijing . These annual meetings are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the CPPCC, providing an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation. The NPC generally has a reputation of approving the work of the State Council and not engaging in overmuch drafting of laws itself. However, it and its Standing Committee have occasionally asserted themselves. For example,

1944-585: The State Council , the NPC's executive organ, is the premier . The CCP general secretary is China's leading official since the CCP is tasked with formulating and setting national policy which the state, after being adopted by the NPC or relevant state organ, is responsible for implementing. The State Council, also referred to as the Central People's Government, consists of, besides the Premier,

2025-587: The Supreme People's Court to the President of China , are elected by, answerable to, and have no separate powers than those granted to them by the NPC. By law, all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP. The CCP controls appointments in all state bodies through a two-thirds majority in the NPC. The remaining seats are held by nominally independent delegates and eight minor political parties , which are non- oppositional and support

2106-437: The "new urbanization dividend distribution mechanism." Farmers whose land is acquired for future residential development become shareholders of urban development with the government and developers. Via the new urbanization dividend distribution mechanism, they receive benefits annually. On 21 September 2023, the housing administration center of Xiong'an announced that all homes in the city must be built before they are sold,

2187-628: The CCP's constitution, the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also be a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee. The membership of the PSC is strictly ranked in protocol sequence . Historically, the general secretary (or party chairman ) has been ranked first; the rankings of other leaders have varied over time. Since the 1990s, the general secretary (also the president), premier, chairman of

2268-438: The CCP, and are mostly CCP members. All government departments, state-owned enterprises and public institutes include CCP committees, from the village level to the national level. The CCP committees in government bodies supervise and lead the bodies, with the State Council legally required to implement CCP policies. As outlined by the CCP constitution: "Government, the military, society and schools, north, south, east and west –

2349-535: The CCP, and effectively acts as the state arm of the CCDI. It replaced the former Ministry of Supervision . The Supreme People's Court is the judicial organ of the People's Republic of China and is subject to the control of the CCP's Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission . Hong Kong and Macau , as special administrative regions, have separate judicial systems based on British common law traditions and Portuguese civil-law traditions, respectively. The judges of

2430-547: The CCP. All government bodies and state-owned enterprises have internal CCP committees that lead the decision-making in these institutions. The NPC meets annually for about two weeks in March to review and approve major new policy directions, and in between those sessions, delegates its powers to the working legislature, the NPC Standing Committee (NPCSC). This organ adopts most national legislation, interprets

2511-521: The General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the top leader in the one-party system. The office is officially regarded as an institution of the state rather than an administrative post; theoretically, the president serves at the pleasure of the National People's Congress, the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current president is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. The office

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2592-564: The Hebei Provincial People's Government, has been created as an investment fund for the area, backed partially by the China Development Bank . State media describes Xiong'an as the future " Shenzhen of the north". A flood of capital, much of it from Beijing, has been searching for properties in Xiong'an to invest, causing real estate price in this area to skyrocket rapidly since the announcement of

2673-764: The NPC Standing Committee , the chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference , the secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection , the party's top anti-graft body, and the first-ranked secretary of the CCP secretariat have consistently also been members of the Politburo Standing Committee. Ranked below the party's Politburo Standing Committee are deputy state leaders including

2754-623: The New Area. In 2017, local government imposed a temporary ban on new property sales. New household registrations in some places were also stopped, and many real estate speculators were arrested by the police that year as well. The model of real estate development in the New Area may use public housing in Singapore for reference, according to a senior officer's interview on People's Daily on 5 April 2017. Acquisition of land for residential development in Xiong'an has used an approach termed

2835-407: The People's Republic of China is put in practice through its comprehensive control of the state, military, and media. The National People's Congress (NPC) is the national legislature of China. With 2,977 members in 2023, it is the largest parliamentary body in the world. Under China's current Constitution, the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature , with the power to legislate, to oversee

2916-644: The Politburo reviewed the "Report on the Planning and Construction of Beijing's Sub-center and Research on the Establishment of Hebei Xiong'an New District". This was the first time that "Xiong'an" appeared in the title of a report. The Politburo approved the "Implementation Plan for the Study of the Establishment of the Xiong'an New Area in Hebei", and the preparations for the plan were immediately carried out under

2997-604: The Presidency was gone. The 3rd promulgation in 1978 expanded the number of articles, but was still under the influence of the very-recent Cultural Revolution . The current constitution is the PRC's fourth promulgation, declared on 4 December 1982, and has served as a stable constitution for 30 years. The legal power of the CCP is guaranteed by the PRC Constitution and its position as the supreme political authority in

3078-557: The Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government, would be established. They were responsible for organizing, leading and coordinating the development and construction of Xiong'an New Area, as well as the overall work on development and construction management of the districts Xiong County, Anxin County, Rongcheng County and surrounding areas. At first, the Party Working Committee and

3159-636: The Provisional Party Committee of the Xiong'an New Area. These were transitional institutions, under the authority of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government, responsible for organizing, leading, and coordinating the overall development and construction of Xiong'an New Area, performing the functions of organizing, coordinating, supervising political, economic, cultural, social, ecological activities in Xiong'an New Area. On 2 April,

3240-640: The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Hebei Province approved the appointment of Liu Guanghui as chairman, Member of the Judiciary Committee, and Judge of the People's Court and Ji Zhiming as the chief prosecutor of the Xiong'an Procuratorate. Xu Yaotong, a professor at the National School of Administration, believed that Xiong'an New Area may be transformed into an administrative unit of Hebei Provincial Government in

3321-456: The State Council and the CCP were unable to secure passage of a fuel tax in 2009 to finance the construction of expressways . Likewise, the Ministry of Finance has sought to institute property taxes since the early 2010s, but opposition from the NPC (as well as local governments) have prevented any property tax proposals from reaching the NPC's legislative agenda. The NPC Standing Committee

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3402-638: The Supreme People's Court (SPC), which answers to the NPC. The Supreme People's Procuratorate (SPP) is responsible for prosecutions and supervises procuracies at the provincial, prefecture, and county levels. At the same administrative ranking as the SPC and SPP, the National Supervisory Commission (NSC) was established in 2018 to investigate corruption within the CCP and state organs. All courts and their personnel are subject to

3483-497: The Supreme People's Court are appointed by the National People's Congress. The governors of China's provinces and autonomous regions and mayors of its directly administered municipalities are appointed by the State Council after receiving the nominal consent of the National People's Congress (NPC). The Hong Kong and Macau special administrative regions (SARS) have significant local autonomy including separate governments, legal systems, and basic constitutional laws, but must follow

3564-544: The Xiong'an Management Committee established the Party and Government Office, Department of Reform and Development, Department of Planning and Construction, Department of Public Affairs and Department of Safety Supervision. After that, some agencies like the Public Security were added. On 22 February 2018, Xi chaired a meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee to hear a report on the planning and preparation work for

3645-456: The ability to exercise social control and regulation, (3) coercive resources, (4) the capacity to consult and collaborate with emerging social groups and organizations to balance conflicting interests, and (5) the ability to learn from failures and mistakes. China's fiscal budget has four parts: general fiscal budget, budget for government funds, budget for operating income of state-owned capital, and social insurance budget. The largest part

3726-407: The announcement, Xiong'an New Area was positioned as a "millennium plan and a national event". Previously, the information was so confidential that local government didn't know it in advance. In the wake of the announcement, local property prices and shares of construction companies soared. To counter the chaotic property market, authorities froze purchases and closed real estate offices. Xi, during

3807-447: The area by 2025. Foreign investment is not being sought; China intends for Xiong'an to be an economic centre for state-owned enterprises and other domestic enterprises. As of September 2022 , the area reported ¥400 billion ($ 57 billion) in completed investment. The development of Xiong'an is funded by the state through fiscal allocation, state bank loans, SOE investment, and intercity partnerships. Xiong'an Group, under control of

3888-585: The area is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Beijing and 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of downtown Baoding . Its main function is to serve as a development hub for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ( Jing-Jin-Ji ) economic triangle. Additionally, "non-core" functions of the Chinese capital are expected to migrate here, including offices of some state-owned enterprises, government agencies, and research and development facilities. The city

3969-446: The area. It takes approximately 20 minutes to reach from Xiong'an by high speed rail. It is currently served by two national expressways, G45 and G18 , as well as two regional expressways, S3601 and S3700 . Since its establishment, various state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have begun constructing offices in the area. Additionally, several research centers and satellite branches of Beijing-based universities are planning to open in

4050-625: The authority of government departments is defined by regulations and rules rather than law. The State Council issues regulations on the forms of official government and CCP documentation which govern the level of authority, urgency, and confidentiality required by the document. Official documents include ones which must be strictly implemented by lower levels of government (such as "Decisions" and "Orders"), ones which can be treated more flexibly (such as "Opinions" and "Notices"), and ones with less or more general content (such as "Letters" and "Minutes"). The Central Military Commission (CMC) exercises

4131-591: The base of the government and party hierarchies. Power is concentrated in the "paramount leader," an informal title currently occupied by Xi Jinping, who heads the four most important political and state offices: He is the general secretary of the CCP Central Committee , Chairman of the Central Military Commission , and President of the PRC. Near the end of Hu Jintao's term in office, experts observed growing limitations to

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4212-470: The basis of strengthening management and control, it is necessary to accelerate housing relocation, planning and construction. The provincial government has also decided to assign a party cadre committee to temporarily take over the cadre work. On 3 April, the Preparatory Work Committee and Provisional Party Committee of Xiong'an New Area began working in Rongcheng County, temporarily renting Ao Wei International Hotel as an office location. On 21 June 2017, at

4293-497: The central government allowed local governments to issue bonds to finance public capital spending for projects like infrastructure and hospitals. The quantity of such bonds is set by the central government. Local governments cannot issue bonds to pay for current spending, such as salaries. China's civil service is divided into tiers. The highest tiers (including department chiefs, deputy department chiefs, and section chiefs) have significant involvement in policy-making. After

4374-479: The central government in foreign policy and national security , and their chief executives are effectively picked by the CCP Politburo. Below the provincial level, there are prefectures and counties. Counties are divided into townships and villages . While most are run by appointed officials, some lower-level jurisdictions have direct elections. While operating under strict control and supervision by

4455-429: The central government, China's local governments manage relatively high share of fiscal revenues and expenditures. Their level of authority and autonomy in economic decision-making is high, and they have played a major role in national economic development. They do not have the right to make tax laws but may have the ability to adjust certain tax rates within boundaries established by the central government. Through

4536-410: The constitution and laws, and conducts constitutional reviews , and is headed by the chairman , one of China's top officials. The president represents China abroad, though since the 1990s, the presidency has always been held by the CCP general secretary . Elected separately by the NPC, the vice president has no power other than what the president bestowed on them but assists the president. The head of

4617-482: The construction of the Hung'an New Are, approving the planning framework in principle. On 14 April 2018, "Outline Planning of Hebei Xiong'an New Area" was approved by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council. On 21 April, China's official Xinhua News Agency released the planning guidelines for the project, which specify that the city is planned to be erected by 2035 and to be completed by

4698-494: The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as an important national strategy. After that, rumors such as "Baoding will become a political sub-center", "Baiyangdian City" and "Baiyangdian Free Trade Zone" surfaced on the Internet. Although the "New Urbanization Plan of Hebei Province" issued on 26 March of that year did not mention "sub-center", it was clear that some of Beijing's capital functions would be relieved. At

4779-621: The cost of providing public goods has devolved to local governments from the central government and therefore local governments need to generate fees to provide public services. Local governments are the key provider of public of goods in China. Since 2014, the National New-Type Urbanization Plan has resulted in the consolidation of planning processes that were formerly distributed across different bureaucracies, such as urban and rural land use, tourism planning, and environmental planning. Beginning in 2015,

4860-855: The direct oversight of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the State Council . The temporary government office of the New Area is located in Ao Wei International Hotel (Ao Wei Mansion) in Rongcheng. Xiong'an New Area is located in the North China Plain, between 38°43' and 39°10' north latitude and 115°38' to 116°20' east longitude, 105 km from Beijing and Tianjin, 155 km from Shijiazhuang, 30 km from Baoding, 55 km from Beijing Daxing Airport. It

4941-412: The direction of local policy experiments or pilot programs. The typical approach is that central government leadership begins drafting formal policies, law, or regulations after policy has been developed at local levels. China has a high degree of state capacity . Academic Thomas Heberer attributes China's state capacity to: (1) the legitimacy of its political system as viewed by its citizens, (2)

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5022-403: The effective control of the CCP's Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission . The CCP constitution states that the party is the highest force for political leadership. The party's institutions overlap with government institutions and the party has authority over government decisions at both the local and central levels. Senior government officials throughout the country are appointed by

5103-497: The future. On 7 May 2019, resettlement work in Xiong'an officially started. On 2 August 2019, the State Council approved the establishment of the China (Hebei) Pilot Free Trade Zone, which included Xiong'an. On 29 July 2021, the "Hebei Xiong'an New Area Regulations" (河北雄安新区条例) was adopted at the 24th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Hebei People's Congress, stipulating that the Xiong'an New Area Management Committee

5184-549: The idea of “duō diǎn yī chéng, lǎo chéng chóngzǔ” (多点一城、老城重组) when considering the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Joint Development Plan. Specifically, "One City" (一城) is to study and plan to build a new city outside Beijing. On 2 and 30 April 2015, Xi presided over successive meetings of the Politburo Standing Committee and Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party to discuss the "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Plan", and considered

5265-479: The lake from movies and literature which depict its use by local residents and CCP guerillas during the Second Sino-Japanese War . The area is dry and rainy in spring, wet and rainy in summer, cool and dry in autumn, and cold and not snowy in winter. According to the meteorological data of Rongcheng County from 1968 to 2016, the annual average temperature is 12.4 °C, the record high temperature

5346-434: The late 1980s and the early 1990s, the municipal government regulatory mechanisms expanded, as did their capacity to regulate peri-urban areas. The 1994 fiscal reforms resulted in the need of local governments to generate non-tax revenue, which they did in the form of revenues through land development and use fees. This resulted in their increase in both administrative size and geographic size. From 2002 to at least 2023,

5427-517: The main deliberative bodies of China, and are often referred to as the Two Sessions . Aside from the CCP, eight minor political parties participate, but are non- oppositional and have no real power. They must accept the primacy of the CCP to exist and their members are preapproved by the CCP's United Front Work Department . The NPC, elected for a term of five years, holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in

5508-430: The mid-21st century. According to the guidelines, it is aiming to be a high-level socialist modern city that will be environmentally friendly and be connected by the high-speed rail network that will take 20 minutes to travel to the new Beijing airport and 30 minutes to Beijing and Tianjin . On 25 December, "The Master Plan of Hebei Xiong'an New Area (2018–2035)" was approved by the State Council. On 4 January 2019,

5589-581: The operations of the government, and to elect the major officials of state. Its delegates are elected for a five-year term through a multi-tiered electoral system . According to the Constitution, the NPC is the highest state institution within China's political system. The NPC and the National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a consultative body whose members represent various people's organizations , are

5670-524: The paramount leader's de facto control over the government, but at the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, Xi Jinping's term limits were removed and his powers were expanded. Under the PRC's constitution, the President of the People's Republic of China is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by

5751-448: The party and state systems. The commission is headed by the CMC Chairman. The National Supervisory Commission (NSC) is the highest state supervisory ( anti-corruption ) agency of China. At the same administrative ranking as the Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate , it supervises all public officials who exercise public power. It closely operates together with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of

5832-457: The party leads them all." Under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping , there were proposals to increase the separation of the state and the party, especially advocated by more liberal officials such as Zhao Ziyang . The proposals included abolishing CCP committees from some government departments, increasing the influence of the State Council, and having professional managers leader SOEs instead of CCP committees. These proposals were abandoned after

5913-446: The party's chief staff, vice premiers, and the party secretaries of China's most important municipalities and provinces. Ministers and provincial governors are next in rank, followed by deputy ministers and deputy provincial governors. Ministry director generals and sub provincial municipality mayors rank below this, followed by ministry deputy director generals and third-tier city mayors. There are five ranks below these which reach to

5994-515: The planning to build a modern new city in a suitable site in Hebei. On 29 February 2016, Premier Li Keqiang presided over a special meeting of the State Council to study the planning and construction of a city, and put forward specific requirements. On 24 March 2016, Xi chaired a meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party , agreeing to name the new city "Xiong'an New Area". On 27 May 2016,

6075-496: The results. New policies are often tested locally before being applied more widely, resulting in a policy process that involves experimentation and feedback. This method of first implementing policy through local pilot testing was also used during the Mao era. Generally, high level central government leadership refrains from drafting specific policies, instead using the informal networks and site visits to affirm or suggest changes to

6156-442: The state, runs parallel to the state, and is enmeshed in every level of the state." The integration of the CCP and the state has accelerated under Xi Jinping, chairing eight party commissions that direct government bodies. Under Xi, several government and party bodies have also merged, with one party organization having an external state government name under the one institution with two names system, further integrating party and

6237-466: The state. The Constitution of the PRC was first created on 20 September 1954, before which an interim constitution -like document created by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was in force. The second promulgation in 1975 shortened the constitution to just about 30 articles, containing CCP slogans and revolutionary language throughout. The role of courts was slashed, and

6318-614: The supreme command and control over the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Armed Police, and the Militia. It operates within the CCP under the name "Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China", and as the military arm of the central government under the name "Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China". Under the arrangement of " one institution with two names ", both commissions have identical personnel, organization and function, and operate under both

6399-442: The title was " Chairman "; after 1982, this translation was changed to " President ", although the Chinese title remains unchanged. In March 2018, presidential term limits were abolished. The State Council is the chief administrative authority and national cabinet of China. It is appointed by the National People's Congress and is chaired by the premier and includes the heads of each governmental department and agency. The premier

6480-564: The working group meeting on planning and construction of Xiong'an New Area in Hebei Province, Xu Qin, the Governor of Hebei Province, read out the "Reply of the Central Organization Office on issues related to the establishment of management agencies in Xiong'an New Area in Hebei Province". Accordingly, the Xiong'an New Area Working Committee and the Xiong'an New Area Management Committee in Hebei, which were dispatched by

6561-485: Was first established in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1954 and successively held by Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi . Liu fell into political disgrace during the Cultural Revolution, after which the office became vacant. The office was abolished under the Constitution of 1975, then reinstated in the Constitution of 1982, but with reduced powers. The official English-language translation of

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