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36-743: The Andh are a designated Scheduled Tribe in the Indian states of Maharashtra , Telangana and Andhra Pradesh . Andhs have the originated from the Satavahan dynasty.Andh community is one of the oldest Tribals community in India At the time of Satvahan rule, the king was the owner of the lands and the forests but some time after the death of the Satvahan king, the East India Company decreed all lands and forests under their governance. This

72-567: A notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification. Article 342 (1) The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory and where it is a State, after consultation with the Governor thereof by public notification, specify the tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for the purpose of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as

108-493: A targeted flow of funds and associated benefits from the annual plan of states and Union Territories (UTs) in at least a proportion to the national SC population. Twenty-seven states and UTs with sizable SC populations are implementing the plan. Although the Scheduled Castes population according to the 2001 Census was 16.66 crores (16.23% of the total population), the allocations made through SCSP have been lower than

144-568: Is said to have established first ever empire in entire Deccan two thousand years ago at Kotilingala, Jagtial district. Their inscriptions were in Maharashtri variant of Prakrit language, majority scholars say. Even today, the Andhs living in Telangana (across erstwhile Adilabad district) speak Marathi. Therefore, it can be surmised that Marathi also has its origins in Telangana. In Maharashtra

180-545: The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule. Since the independence of India, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were given Reservation status , guaranteeing political representation, preference in promotion, quota in universities, free and stipended education, scholarships, banking services, various government schemes and the Constitution lays down

216-935: The Ministry of Tribal Affairs , Government of India, to add the following three. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Constitution (Jammu & Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 and The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Act, 1991. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976 and as inserted by Act 30 of 2000. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976 and as inserted by Act 39 of 1991. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956 and

252-535: The Telugu . Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India . The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designated in one or other of the categories. For much of the period of British rule in the Indian subcontinent , they were known as

288-675: The Andh comprise 474110 population (census 2011). Andh are distributed in Parbhani, Nanded, Yeotmal, Akola districts mainly. They called themselves Hindu and are relatively well progressed in education. According to the Anthropological Survey of India , there are over 74,000 Andhs in Maharashtra. These Andhs speak Telugu , Marathi . The Andhs are primarily Hindus . In, Andhra Pradesh , Telangana About 100,000 Andh speak

324-855: The British-administered provinces. After independence the Constituent Assembly continued the prevailing definition of Scheduled Castes and Tribes, giving (via articles 341 and 342) the president of India and governors of the states a mandate to compile a full listing of castes and tribes (with the power to edit it later, as required). The complete list of castes and tribes was made via two orders: The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 and The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 , respectively. Which are derived from colonial list and first updated in Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956. Furthermore, independent India's quest for inclusivity

360-561: The Depressed Classes. In modern literature, many castes under the Scheduled Castes category are sometimes referred to as Dalit , meaning "broken" or "dispersed" for the untouchables. The term having been popularised by the Dalit leader B. R. Ambedkar during the independence struggle. Ambedkar preferred the term Dalit over Gandhi 's term Harijan , meaning "people of Hari " ( lit.   ' Man of God ' ). Similarly,

396-812: The Indian Reservation policy. Hence, these societies usually forge their community certificate as Hindus and practice Christianity or Islam, afraid for their loss of reservation. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain : Constitution of India. List of Scheduled Tribes in India In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956 and as inserted by Act 69 of 1986. All tribes in

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432-1617: The Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands (Alteration of Name) (Adaptation of Laws) Order, 1974. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976 and The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Act, 1987. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956 and as inserted by Act 81 of 1971. In accordance with The Constitution (Nagaland) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1970. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Constitution (Sikkim) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1978. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) (Uttar Pradesh) Order, 1967. Formerly Uttaranchal. In accordance with The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) (Uttar Pradesh) Order, 1967 and as inserted by Act 29 of 2000. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. The following list shows

468-596: The Scheduled Tribes are often referred to as Adivasi (earliest inhabitants), Vanvasi (inhabitants of forest) and Vanyajati (people of forest). However, the Government of India refrains from using derogatory and anthropologically incorrect terms. Instead, it uses the terms Anusuchit Jati (Scheduled Caste) and Anusuchit Janjati (Scheduled Tribe), as defined by the Constitution of India , for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. In September 2018,

504-498: The Scheduled Tribes is defined as: Such tribes or tribal communities or part of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to the Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this [Indian] Constitution. Article 341 (1) The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory and where it is a State after consultation with the Governor thereof, by public notification specify

540-636: The Varna system. Since the 1850s, these communities were loosely referred to as Depressed Classes, with the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The early 20th century saw a flurry of activity in the British authorities assessing the feasibility of responsible self-government for India. The Morley–Minto Reforms Report , Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms Report and the Simon Commission were several initiatives in this context. A highly contested issue in

576-703: The Vertali and the Khaltali. The Vertali consider themselves a superior people and avoid marrying the Khaltali. "It seems highly possible that the word Andh is only a corruption of the Sanskrit 'Andhra', a designation given by the ancient Aryans to an aboriginal tribe dwelling in the Andhra Desh " (Wilson, V.P. 190). Similarly Andhs too speak Marathi. The Sanskrit word Andh is Andhr. The Satavahana clan of Andhras

612-412: The case may be. (2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in a notification issued under clause any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal community, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification. In a broader sense, the term 'Scheduled' refers to

648-470: The castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as the case may be. (2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Castes specified in a notification issued under clause of any caste, race or tribe or part of or group within any caste, race or tribe, but save as aforesaid

684-568: The commission established by the Ministry of Welfare's Resolution of 1989. In 2003, the Constitution was again amended to divide the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes into two commissions: the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Due to the spread of Christianity and Islam among scheduled caste communities, the converted individuals are not protected under

720-414: The general principles of positive discrimination for SCs and STs.   As per Article 366 (24) of Constitution of India the Scheduled Castes is defined as: Such castes , races or tribes or part of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under Article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purpose of this [Indian] constitution. As per Article 366 (25) of Constitution of India

756-510: The government "issued an advisory to all private satellite channels asking them to refrain from using the derogatory nomenclature 'Dalit', though rights groups and intellectuals have come out against any shift from 'Dalit' in popular usage". The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes comprise about 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively, of India's population (according to the 2011 census ). The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,108 castes across 28 states in its First Schedule, and

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792-574: The government on broad policy issues and the development levels of SCs and STs. Now it is included in Article 342. In 1990, Article 338 was amended for the National Commission for SCs and STs with the Constitution (Sixty fifth Amendment) Bill, 1990 . The first commission under the 65th Amendment was constituted in March 1992, replacing the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and

828-707: The larger community, and overall backwardness. The scheduling process refers back to the definitions of communities used in the colonial census along with modern anthropological study and is guided by Article 341 and 342 . Per the first clause of Article 341 and 342 , the list of Scheduled communities is subject to specific state and union territory , with area restrictions to districts , subdistricts , and tehsils . Furthermore, members of Scheduled Communities are entitled based on religious criteria: Scheduled Castes must be adherents of Hinduism , Sikhism , or Buddhism , whereas Scheduled Tribes can belong to any religion to be recognized as Scheduled. The evolution of

864-419: The legal list of specific castes and tribes of the states and union territories, as enacted in the Constitution of India , with the purpose of social justice by ensuring social security, and providing adequate representation in education, employment, and governance to promote their upliftment and integration into mainstream society. The process of including and excluding communities, castes, or tribes to/from

900-520: The list of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes adheres to certain silent criteria and procedures established by the Lokur committee in 1965. For Scheduled Castes (SCs), the criteria involve extreme social, educational, and economic backwardness resulting from the practice of untouchability . On the other hand, Scheduled Tribes (STs) are identified based on indications of primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness of contact with

936-666: The lower caste into the modern-day Scheduled Castes is complex. The caste system as a stratification of classes in India originated about 2,000 years ago, and has been influenced by dynasties and ruling elites, including the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. The Hindu concept of Varna historically incorporated occupation-based communities. Some low-caste groups, such as those formerly called untouchables who constitute modern-day Scheduled Castes, were considered outside

972-646: The president. Seventeen regional offices of the Commissioner were established throughout the country. There was an initiative to replace the Commissioner with a committee in the 48th Amendment to the Constitution, changing Article 338. While the amendment was being debated, the Ministry of Welfare established the first committee for SCs and STs (with the functions of the Commissioner) in August 1978. These functions were modified in September 1987 to include advising

1008-498: The proportional population. A strange factor has emerged of extremely lowered fertility of scheduled castes in Kerala , due to land reform, migrating ( Kerala Gulf diaspora ) and democratization of education. In the original Constitution, Article 338 provided for a special officer (the Commissioner for SCs and STs) responsible for monitoring the implementation of constitutional and legislative safeguards for SCs and STs and reporting to

1044-554: The proposed reforms was the reservation of seats for representation of the Depressed Classes in provincial and central legislatures. In 1935, the UK Parliament passed the Government of India Act 1935 , designed to give Indian provinces greater self-rule and set up a national federal structure. The reservation of seats for the Depressed Classes was incorporated into the act, which came into force in 1937. The Act introduced

1080-578: The safeguards built into the Constitution and other legislation, the Constitution under Articles 338 and 338A provides for two constitutional commissions: the National Commission for Scheduled Castes , and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes . The chairpersons of both commissions sit ex officio on the National Human Rights Commission . The Constitution provides a three-pronged strategy to improve

1116-401: The situation of SCs and STs: The Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan (SCSP) of 1979 mandated a planning process for the social, economic and educational development of Scheduled Castes and improvement in their working and living conditions. It was an umbrella strategy, ensuring the flow of targeted financial and physical benefits from the general sector of development to the Scheduled Castes. It entailed

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1152-826: The state including: In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. The autonomous districts comprise Bodoland Territorial Council, Karbi Anglong and North Cachar Hills districts. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976 and as inserted by Act 28 of 2000. In accordance with The Constitution (Dadra & Nagar Haveli) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1962. In accordance with The Constitution (Goa, Daman and Diu) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1968 and as inserted by Act 18 of 1987. In accordance with The Constitution (Goa, Daman and Diu) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1968 and as inserted by Act 18 of 1987. This list has been updated by

1188-538: The term "Scheduled Castes", defining the group as "such castes, parts of groups within castes, which appear to His Majesty in Council to correspond to the classes of persons formerly known as the 'Depressed Classes', as His Majesty in Council may prefer". This discretionary definition was clarified in The Government of India (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1936 , which contained a list (or Schedule) of castes throughout

1224-576: The time of Nijamshah of Hyderabad, before the marathwada region were isolated, Andh are the ruling satvahan dynastry, but after the attack of Nijamshah on this region Satvahan dynasty collapsed due to the death of the king and region had to be taken into 'Hyderabad Sansthan'. After this massive loss the Andh agreed to live as a tribe. ≠ The Andhs live primarily in the hills of the Adilabad district in Andhra Pradesh. They are further subdivided into

1260-431: Was incident through the appointment of B. R. Ambedkar as the chairman of the drafting committee for the Constitution. Ambedkar was a scheduled caste constitutional lawyer, a member of the low caste. After 15 years since the first amendment listing Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, the government adopted updated criteria for inclusion and exclusion based on the Lokur committee report of 1965. To effectively implement

1296-577: Was the cause of the Andh becoming isolated and non-progressed. They seem to have is originated in southern India in the vicinity of Madras which was once ruled by the Andhra dynasty . However the identification is only used for the people who by the start of the 20th century had a long history of presence in central India. The Andh are the original descendants of the Andhra dynasty or Satvahana dynasty that ruled between third century BC to second century AD. At

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