Inari Sámi ( Inari Sami : anarâškielâ , lit. 'the Inarian language' or aanaarsämikielâ , 'the Inari (Aanaar) Sámi language') is a Sámi language spoken by the Inari Sámi of Finland . It has approximately 400 speakers, the majority of whom are middle-aged or older and live in the municipality of Inari . According to the Sámi Parliament of Finland , 269 persons used Inari Sámi as their first language. It is the only Sámi language that is spoken exclusively in Finland. The language is classified as being seriously endangered, as few children learn it; however, more and more children are learning it in language nests . In 2018, Inari Sámi had about 400 speakers; due to revival efforts, the number had increased.
27-436: Inari ( Finnish pronunciation: [ˈinɑri] ; Inari Sami : Aanaar ; Skolt Sami : Aanar ; Northern Sami : Anár [ˈanaːr] ; Norwegian and Swedish : Enare ) is Finland 's largest municipality by area (but one of the most sparsely populated), with four official languages, more than any other in the country. Its major sources of income are tourism, service industry, and cold climate testing. With
54-538: A day care in Inari and Ivalo . In 2007, the association started publishing an Inari Sámi newspaper called Kierâš online. A new phenomenon is the use of Inari Sámi in rap songs by Mikkâl Morottaja, whose stage name is Amoc . Morottaja published the first full-length Inari Sámi rap CD in the world on 6 February 2007, the Sámi National Day . Along with Finnish , Skolt Sámi and Northern Sámi , Inari Sámi
81-573: A vowel but have undergone apocope, and words that already ended in a consonant in Proto-Samic . This rearrangement of the foot structure has an effect on the length of vowels and consonants. Inari Sámi is written using the Latin script . The alphabet currently used for Inari Sámi was made official in 1996 and stands as follows: The phonetic values are the same as in Karelian , and đ represents
108-557: Is maṇa (rather than * maṇá ), and the illative singular of ahe "age" is ahan (rather than * ahán ). Inari Sámi has nine cases, although the genitive and accusative are often the same: The partitive appears to be a highly unproductive case in that it seems to only be used in the singular . In addition, unlike Finnish , Inari Sámi does not make use of the partitive case for objects of transitive verbs. Thus " Mun puurâm leeibi " could translate into Finnish as either " Minä syön leivän " (English: "I'm eating (all of)
135-616: Is a village in the municipality of Inari , Finland , 13 kilometres (8 mi) northeast of Ivalo and south of Lake Inari along the regional road 969 leading to Nellim , which used to lead all the way to Pechenga , when it was part of Finland. The village is located on a pine-covered ridge surrounded by lakes that flow into Nanguvuono. At the end of 2005, 185 people lived in Keväjärvi. 68°42′30″N 027°46′40″E / 68.70833°N 27.77778°E / 68.70833; 27.77778 This Lapland (Finland) location article
162-459: Is located in the nearby village of Ivalo. Inari has a chilly and humid climate with fairly cold winters and cool summers ( Köppen Dfc ). Due to the polar night, winter time temperatures are often severely cold. However, the midnight sun contributes to surprisingly high summertime temperatures. The warmest temperature ever recorded at Ivalo Airport was 31.8 °C (89.2 °F) in July 1925, while
189-476: Is one of the four official languages in the municipality of Inari , in particular in the following villages located on the shore of Lake Inari (the Inari Sámi name for the village is enclosed in parentheses): Notes: Inari Sámi, like the other Samic languages, has fixed word-initial stress. Syllables are furthermore divided into feet , usually consisting of two syllables each, and with secondary stress on
216-478: The 2019 election was 2,141, which was 31% of Inari's population. The municipality has four official languages: Finnish , Inari Sámi ( c. 400 estimated speakers), Skolt Sámi ( c. 400 speakers), and Northern Sámi ( c. 700 speakers). The estimates of how many people have some command of each of the Sámi languages differ from the number of people who list them as their mother tongues. Of
243-503: The Siida museum in the village of Inari , it is a center of Sámi culture, widely known as the "capital of Sámi culture". The airport in Ivalo and the country's key north-south European Route E75 ( Finland's National Road 4 ) bring summer and winter vacationers seeking resorts with access to a well-preserved, uncrowded natural environment. The municipality was established in 1876. It
270-456: The voiced dental fricative (in English "the"). Q/q, W/w, X/x, Å/å, Ö/ö are also used in words of foreign origin. Á was traditionally pronounced in the middle of a and ä , but in modern Inari Sámi the distinction between á and ä is nonexistent. In writing, Á and ä are nevertheless considered separate characters. Ä is used in: In dictionaries, grammars and other linguistic works,
297-558: The Netherlands (14), Thailand (13) and Estonia (11). Results of the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election in Inari: Inari Sami language The first book in Inari Sámi was Anar sämi kiela aapis kirje ja doctor Martti Lutherus Ucca katkismus , which was written and translated by Edvard Wilhelm Borg in 1859. The written history of modern Inari Sámi, however, is said to begin with Lauri Arvid Itkonen's translation of
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#1732775737778324-488: The Proto-Samic vowels have identical outcomes before certain second-syllable vowels. Only before Proto-Samic *ē are all vowels distinguishable. For example, Proto-Samic *oa and *ë both appear before *ë as o , while *o and *u both appear as u . In cases where the second-syllable vowel changes, it is necessary to know which series the vowel of a particular word belongs to. For example, juuḥâđ "to drink" has
351-407: The amount that Southern Finland receives. The driest year on record was 1941 when only 120,1 mm (4,7 inches) fell. FMI (record highs and lows 1925-1961) The municipality of Inari has a population of 7,160 (31 October 2024). The population density is 0.48 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.2/sq mi). The population peaked in 1993, at 7,874. It then decreased continuously until 2012, when
378-466: The bread") or " Minä syön leipää " ( I'm eating (some) bread , or generally, I eat bread ); this telicity contrast is mandatory in Finnish. The personal pronouns have three numbers: singular, plural and dual . The following table contains personal pronouns in the nominative and genitive/accusative cases. The next table demonstrates the declension of a personal pronoun I/we (dual)/we (plural) in
405-584: The coldest temperature on record was −48.9 °C (−56.0 °F) in January 1999. However, in July 1914 Thule weather station in western Inari recorded an unofficial record high temperature of 34.7 °C (94.5 °F), which is the highest temperature ever recorded in Lapland. Inari is also among the driest locations in Finland, especially in the winter when the average precipitation total is less than half of
432-480: The country's second largest Lake Päijänne . Finland's largest National Park Lemmenjoki is partly located in Inari, as is the Urho Kekkonen National Park . Vast parts of the municipality are designated wilderness areas : Hammastunturi , Muotkatunturi , Paistunturi , Kaldoaivi , Vätsäri , and Tsarmitunturi . The village of Inari is Finland's northernmost holiday resort. The airport
459-400: The first syllable of every foot. In the other Samic languages the last syllable in a word with an odd number of syllables is not assigned to a foot. In Inari Sámi, however, two important changes in the early development of Inari Sámi have changed this structure, making the prosodic rhythm quite different: Consequently, Inari Sámi distinguishes prosodically between words that originally ended in
486-411: The following additional marks are used. These are not used in normal writing. Consonant gradation is a pattern of alternations between pairs of consonants that appears in the inflection of words. Consonant gradation in Inari Sámi is more complex than that of other Sámi languages, because of the effects of the unique stress pattern of Inari Sámi. Like in other Sámi languages, there is a distinction between
513-556: The history of the Bible in 1906, although he had already translated some other books into Inari Sámi (Martin Luther and John Charles Ryles). After that, Inari Sámi was mainly published in books written by linguists, in particular Frans Äimä and Erkki Itkonen. For many years, very little literature was written in Inari Sámi, although Sämitigge has funded and published a lot of books, etc., in recent years. Since 1992, Finland's Sámi have had
540-522: The population was 6,732. Since then it has steadily increased to 7,008 in 2021. Inari is expected to be the only municipality in Lapland, along with Rovaniemi, that will experience population growth by 2040. This has been attributed to increased tourism. Its two largest villages are Ivalo and Inari . Other villages are Törmänen , Keväjärvi , Koppelo, Sevettijärvi – Näätämö , Saariselkä , Nellim , Angeli , Kaamanen , Kuttura , Lisma , Partakko, and Riutula. The registered Sámi population in Inari from
567-563: The public servants in the area, however, can serve the Inari Sámi-speaking population in Inari Sámi, so Finnish is used by the remaining 90%. In 1986, the Anarâškielâ servi (Inari Sámi Language Association) was founded to promote the language and its use. The association publishes numerous books, textbooks, a calendar, etc., in Inari Sámi. They have established a language immersion program in 1997 for 3- to 6-year-old children in
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#1732775737778594-580: The right to interact with officials in their own language in areas where they have traditionally lived: Enontekiö , Utsjoki , Inari and the northern part of Sodankylä as official policy favors the conservation of the language. All announcements in Inari , which is the only officially quadrilingual municipality in Finland , must be made in Finnish , North Sámi , Inari Sámi and Skolt Sámi . Only about 10% of
621-487: The strong and weak grade, but a second factor is whether the consonants appear in the middle of a foot (FM) or in the juncture between two feet (FJ). In the latter case, consonants are often lengthened. Umlaut is a phenomenon in Inari Sámi, whereby the vowel in the second syllable affects the quality of the vowel in the first. The following table lists the Inari Sámi outcomes of the Proto-Samic first-syllable vowel, for each second-syllable vowel. As can be seen, several of
648-470: The third-person singular present indicative form juhá , while nuuḥâđ "to end" has nohá ; the former originates from Proto-Samic *u , the latter from *o . A second kind of umlaut also occurs, which operates in reverse: when the first syllable contains a (originating from Proto-Samic *ë ) and the second syllable contains á , the second-syllable vowel is backed to a . Thus, the third-person singular present indicative form of moonnâđ "to go"
675-639: The total population of 7,008 in 2021, 6,248 people registered Finnish (89.16%) and 475 people registered one of the Sámi languages as their mother tongue (6.78%). Swedish is the mother tongue of 27 individuals (0.39%) and 258 people (3.68%) speak foreign languages. The most-spoken foreign languages are: Russian (0.86%), German (0.51%), French (0.31%), Dutch (0.22%) and English (0.20%). Only about three percent, 214 persons, were citizens of countries other than Finland in 2022. The largest groups of foreign-citizens are from Russia (39 individuals), Germany (24), France (18),
702-552: The various cases: Inari Sámi verbs conjugate for three grammatical persons : Inari Sámi has five grammatical moods : Inari Sámi verbs conjugate for three grammatical numbers : Inari Sámi has two simple tenses : and two compound tenses : Inari Sámi, like Finnish and the other Sámi languages, has a negative verb . In Inari Sámi, the negative verb conjugates according to mood (indicative, imperative and optative), person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number (singular, dual and plural). Kev%C3%A4j%C3%A4rvi Keväjärvi
729-626: Was claimed from about 1942 to 1945 by the Quisling regime during the Nazi occupation of Norway . Inari is the largest municipality by area in Finland. Located in Lapland , it covers an area of 17,333.65 square kilometres (6,692.56 sq mi), of which 2,281.41 km (880.86 sq mi) is water. With an area of 1,043 km (403 sq mi), Lake Inari is the third largest lake in Finland, 40 km (15 sq mi) smaller than
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