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84-432: As of the 2020 census, Aguascalientes has a population of 1,425,607 inhabitants, most of whom live in its capital city, also named Aguascalientes . Its name means "hot waters" and originated from the abundance of hot springs originally found in the area. The demonym for the state's inhabitants is hidrocálido or aguascalentense . Aguascalientes is one of the smallest states of Mexico, either by population or land, being

168-600: A French Academism façade, and interior columns and an arcade of pink stone characteristic of Porfirian Eclecticism. Other designs by Refugio Reyes include the Paris Hotel, the Francia Hotel, and his masterpiece, the Church of San Antonio. The Church of our Lady of Guadalupe possesses an extraordinarily exuberant Baroque facade designed by José de Alcíbar , a renowned architect of the period considered to be one of

252-520: A decree declaring Aguascalientes a department, based on the decrees of December 30, 1836, and June 30, 1838, without ever referring to the one from March 23, 1835. Finally, in the project that would be the Constitution of 1857 , that was presented on June 16, 1856, Aguascalientes was included as a state in Article 43; it was passed unanimously by the 79 deputies present, ensuring the establishment of

336-544: A huge area of exposition spaces, bullrings, nightclubs, theaters, performance stages, theme parks, hotels, convention centers, and other attractions. It attracts almost 7 million visitors to Aguascalientes every year. The old part of the city revolves around downtown and the four original neighborhoods from which the city expanded. The most notable building here is the Baroque Government Palace, dating from 1664 and constructed out of red volcanic stone; it

420-546: A major city, it would eventually become the capital of a newly formed state when the territory separated from the adjacent state of Zacatecas in 1835. The historical center of Aguascalientes was born out of four distinct neighborhoods. The oldest of these is the Barrio del Encino , which is technically older than Aguascalientes proper. Founded in 1565 by the Andalusian Hernán González Berrocal,

504-493: A major silver miner and a major source of railroad transportation, the latter due to its strategic location, midway between the three most populous areas, namely Mexico City , Guadalajara , and Monterrey . Today, Mexico's fast growing car industry is especially important in this state. There are two Nissan factories in Aguascalientes which together produce more than half a million cars per year. Infiniti may build

588-541: A plant to make vehicles like the QX30. In the rural area, Aguascalientes was once the largest national producer of grapes and wines . This tradition ceased gradually due to the Spanish Royalty's wishes that grape and wine production be limited to the mother country. Thanks to the influx of immigrants into Mexico, the wineries and vineyards remain and flourish. Guavas are also produced in the state, specifically in

672-552: A restaurant business owner from Los Angeles , bought a second division franchise which he relocated to Aguascalientes where there was no professional football club. The club played its last tournament in 2000-2001 when the Governor of Aguascalientes bought first division club Necaxa , with its national following, and relocated it from Mexico City. Gallos de Aguascalientes was then sold to Chivas , which changed its name to F.C. Tapatio de Guadalajara , affiliated to Chivas. The city

756-475: A town came from the order that King Felipe II gave the judge of the court of Nueva Galicia, Don Gerónimo de Orozco , in which he stated that he should look for a rich man to settle in the territory with the purpose of expelling the Chichimecas and of assuring safe passage. Gerónimo de Orozco, following that order, looked for someone who would accept the king's order and found a man named Juan de Montoro in

840-410: A war between Aguascalientes and Zacatecas, and as a consequence Zacatecas would strengthen the partitions, now municipalities, of Cavillo and Rincón de Romos. In July 1848, Aguascalientes accepted the peaceful annexation to Zacatecas; but continued making efforts to separate through Miguel García Rojas. It was not until December 10, 1853, that López de Santa Anna, using his extraordinary powers, issued

924-486: Is San Marcos, founded in 1604 and once home to natives of Tlaxcala state who fled persecution. Today, the area hosts the traditional San Marcos Fair in springtime. There is San Marcos Gardens, a green spot where paths and trees are abundant. The gardens are traditionally frequented by poets, artists and lovers. Directly in front of the gardens is the Baroque San Marcos Temple, its tiled dome glinting in

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1008-448: Is also famed for its environment of relaxation, and for its safety and cleanliness, as it is often described by people when traveling to this part of the country for conventions or tourism. Most tourists go to the capital. A few tourists explore the former mining towns in the north of the state (in the municipalities of Asientos and Tepezalá ), which are now almost ghost cities. The haciendas , hot springs , and baths scattered around

1092-493: Is also historic due to its unusual (for Mexico) English architectural style. The Alameda avenue, the railway hangars, the factory complexes, and its surrounding housing have been proposed to be placed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Metroaguascalientes was one of the radio stations for the city of Aguascalientes. State-owned Radio y Televisión de Aguascalientes (RyTA) offers local programming as well as news shows. Club de Fútbol Gallos Hidrocálidos de Aguascalientes

1176-495: Is called "el corazón" which means "the heart" of Mexico because it lies in the middle of the country. This city is often considered, by its locals, to be one of the safest and cleanest in Mexico. Also, the city of Aguascalientes is known as "the land of the good people". Club de Fútbol Gallos Hidrocálidos de Aguascalientes was a football club from Aguascalientes, Mexico. The club was founded in 1994, when Salvador López Monroy ,

1260-561: Is considered the national fair of Mexico and contributes much to Mexico's economy. Recently, its capital city has gained the reputation as a great destination for its superb colonial architecture visible in the colonial center, as well as the modernity and dynamism in the outskirts. The city is home to Lic. Jesús Terán Peredo International Airport , where 9 flights per day depart to Mexico City , Tijuana , Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston . The city also hosts many conventions every year. It benefits from its excellent central location. The city

1344-777: Is home to the soccer team Club Necaxa , which plays in Mexican first division. The club left Mexico City and relocated to Aguascalientes following the 2003 opening of Estadio Victoria , which is now the club's home venue and one of the best stadiums in the country. The state has one football team in the Mexican Premiere League, Club Necaxa , one professional baseball team in the Mexican League , Rieleros de Aguascalientes (The railroad men), and one professional basketball team, Panteras de Aguascalientes (Aguascalientes Panthers) In December 2009, Necaxa

1428-491: Is home to two Nissan automobile manufacturing plants and a shared facility by Nissan and Mercedes , which has given the city a significant Japanese immigrant community. Other companies with operations in the city include Jatco, Coca-Cola, Flextronics, Texas Instruments, Donaldson and Calsonic Kansei. The city of Aguascalientes is also known for the San Marcos Fair , the largest fair celebrated in Mexico and one of

1512-465: Is known for its one hundred arches. The prominent Baroque Cathedral, begun in 1575, is the oldest building in the city. The tall column in the center of the main square dates from colonial times; it held a statue of a Spain's viceroy, which was toppled when the country gained independence; the current sculpture on its summit commemorates Mexican independence. The city of Aguascalientes is made up of four traditional neighborhoods, all of which grew up around

1596-407: Is low, averaging 526 mm (20.7 in) and is mostly concentrated in summer with winters being dry. Aguascalientes is subdivided into 11 municipios (" municipalities "). This state originated around the times of colonial Spanish influence. It is located in the middle of the country and is now beginning to make a name for itself as an industrial power within Mexico. The state was once

1680-681: Is the capital of the Mexican state of the same name and its most populous city, as well as the head of the Aguascalientes Municipality ; with a population of 948,990 inhabitants in 2012 and 1,225,432 in the metro area. The metropolitan area also includes the municipalities of Jesús María and San Francisco de los Romo . It is located in North-Central Mexico, which roughly corresponds to the Bajío region within

1764-626: Is the city's art museum. The gothic structure of the Los Arquitos cultural center used to be one of the first bathhouses in the city, declared a historic monument in 1990. The Ojocaliente is also an original bathhouse still in use today, and fed with thermal springs. La Estacion Historic Area (The Old Train Station Complex) contains the Old Train Station and Railway Museum historic complex, which at some point in 1884 formed

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1848-492: Is the mountain climate and fauna that attracts locals for camping activities. In winter, the temperature sometimes falls to −4.44 °C (24.01 °F) when the weather is poor. Usually, Sierra Fría is the only part of the state that gets snow during winter. In the city of Aguascalientes one of the best sunsets in the world can be seen in Cerro del Muerto; the hill resembles the shape of a man lying down. The city of Aguascalientes

1932-418: The Barrio de San Marcos . The final neighborhood is the Barrio de la Salud , which has its roots in a small chapel and a cemetery developed towards the end of the 18th century to deal with a number of disease epidemics that had struck the area. Gravediggers established homes near the cemetery, and others took advantage of the open land to establish orchards. Though the orchards began to disappear during

2016-542: The Köppen climate classification , Aguascalientes has a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). Most of the precipitation is concentrated from June to September. The name originates from the Spanish words aguas calientes , meaning 'hot waters', although a more accurate translation is 'hot springs', part of the original name of Villa de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de las Aguas Calientes (Village of our Lady of Assumption of

2100-468: The Seven Laws . The constitution did not acknowledge Aguascalientes in the rank of department , but it saw fit to eliminate the states , together with the federal regime, replacing the states with departments, and because of this it continued to belong to Zacatecas. What can be said, since in the local constitution of Zacatecas of 1825, Aguascalientes was contemplated as a member of said state. It

2184-490: The central Mexican plateau . The city stands on a valley of steppe climate at 1880 meters above sea level, at 21°51′N 102°18′W  /  21.850°N 102.300°W  / 21.850; -102.300 . Originally the territory of the nomadic Chichimeca peoples, the city was founded on October 22, 1575, by Spanish families relocating from Lagos de Moreno under the name of Villa de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de las Aguas Calientes (Village of Our Lady of

2268-586: The 2010 Pan American Track Championships . At an elevation of 1887m, the Velodrome is a frequent location for attempts at breaking the Cycling Hour Record . Nueva Galicia Nuevo Reino de Galicia ( New Kingdom of Galicia ; Galician : Reino de Nova Galicia ) or simply Nueva Galicia ( New Galicia , Nova Galicia ) was an autonomous kingdom of the Viceroyalty of New Spain . It

2352-530: The 2010s Aguascalientes became the fastest-growing state in the country for the whole decade. Aguascalientes is also well known for its San Marcos Fair (Feria Nacional de San Marcos) , the largest fair in Mexico and one of the largest in Latin America. Pre-Columbian era arrowheads, potshards, and rock paintings in the caverns of the Sierra del Laurel and near the present village of Las Negritas testify to

2436-418: The 27th most populated state and the 29th biggest state by area; nonetheless, it is the 4th state by population density, and its economic development in recent years have located it as the 7th state by Human Development Index and the 8th with highest GDP per capita. Aguascalientes was historically known for its former railroad and textile industry, as well as wine making , an industry that remains today. During

2520-580: The Aguascalentenses, and by way of punishing Zacatecas for supporting the Revolution against them, by Federal Decree of General López de Santa Anna dated May 23, 1835, in the third article; ordered that Aguascalientes to be separated from Zacatecas territory, without granting the territory any specific category, reinstating the appointment of the political boss, Pedro Garcia Rojas . With respect to this, it must be mentioned that said order

2604-581: The Assumption of the Hot Waters), in reference to the chosen patron saint and the many thermal springs found close to the village, which still remain to this day. It would serve as an outpost in the Silver Route , while politically, it was part of the kingdom of Nueva Galicia . In 1835, President Antonio López de Santa Anna made Aguascalientes the capital of a new territory in retaliation to

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2688-570: The Holy Spirit of Greater Spain"). The name was not approved. Instead, Queen Joanna — at the moment the acting regent of Spain — named the area "Reino de Nueva Galicia." Guzmán's violent conquest left Spanish control of the area unstable, and within a decade full war had reemerged between the settlers and the Native peoples of the area. The Mixtón War , which lasted from 1540–1541, pitted an alliance of Coras , Guachichils and Caxcans against

2772-468: The Hot Springs). When the city was first settled by Juan de Montoro and twelve families, it was given this name for its abundance of hot springs . These thermal features are still in demand in the city's numerous spas and even exploited for domestic use. People from Aguascalientes (both the city and the state) are known by the whimsical demonym hidrocálidos or "hydrothermal" people. As of 2010,

2856-543: The Indian fighter Juan Domínguez, were to be created, which were: the presidio at Las Bocas, later called Las Bocas de Gallardo, situated on the border of Aguascalientes, in what was the jurisdiction of the mayor of Teocaltiche , presently the border of Aguascalientes and Zacatecas; the presidio at Palmillas, which was located near what is now Tepezalá; and the Ciénega Grande presidio, established around 1570. The latter

2940-510: The Liga de Ascenso and First Promotion title in their franchise history. On April 16, 2011, after a draw 1–1 with Atlante F.C., the club's first key game in 2011, Necaxa could not cumulate enough points in order to evade relegation. For a second time, Club Necaxa was relegated to the Liga de Ascenso, the second tier, for the 2011–2012 season. One of the biggest soccer to live Judith Ramírez played for this team from 2001 to 2017. Aguascalientes hosts

3024-672: The Mexican basketball league National Professional Basketball League (LNBP). In 2003, the Panteras won the championship of the LNBP. The Panteras play their home games at the Gimnasio Hermanos Carreón. The baseball team Rieleros de Aguascalientes , returned to the Mexican League in 2012. The team previously won the championship in 1978. The Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome , designed by Peter Junek, hosted

3108-679: The Morelos Theater, historically important for its role during the Mexican Revolution as a convention site; architecturally, the building is notable for its facade and interior, which houses a small museum. The Teatro Aguascalientes is the city's premier theatre and opera house. In addition, in the modern section of the city, the Museo Descubre astonishes as an interactive museum of science and technology. It also features an IMAX screen. The Museum of Contemporary Art

3192-778: The Panteras de Aguascalientes headquarters. This team plays in the Mexican Professional Basketball League. Aguascalientes also hosts the baseball professional team Rieleros. Aguascalientes also has important racetracks for the car and motorbike races at a national and international level. Newspapers of Aguascalientes include: Ahí, El Heraldo de Aguascalientes, El Sol del Centro de Aguascalientes, Hidrocálido, LJA, and Picacho Panorama de Aguascalientes. Aguascalientes (city) Aguascalientes ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˌaɣwaskaˈljentes] , lit. "hot waters" in Spanish )

3276-524: The Revolution. The explosion of the Maderist movement embraced the cause in the company of some other compatriots, and the rebel action of the town and the region stayed formalized. The state is located about 480 km (300 mi) from Mexico City in the macroregion of El Bajío, specifically the Bajío Occidental (western Bajío). It covers 5,471 km (2,112 sq mi), or 0.3% of

3360-584: The Superior Board of Royal Property, the sub-delegation of Aguascalientes became a dependency of Zacatecas . In the Mexican War of Independence , in the territory which is today the state of Aguascalientes, the fires of independence were stoked by illustrious and courageous men such as Valentin Gómez Farías , Rafael Iriarte , Rafael Vázquez, and Pedro Parga. Confusion has arisen regarding

3444-562: The Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption of Aguas Calientes; later changing to the city of Aguascalientes, which remains its name today. In the act of its establishment, the Villa de San Marcos (Aguascalientes) was awarded the highest mayoral jurisdiction under the Kingdom of New Galicia . As of December 4, 1786, on the occasion of the issuance of the "Ordinance of Mayors", it became a quartermaster sub-delegation. On April 24, 1789, by order of

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3528-456: The area of the country, and has a little more than one million inhabitants. Most of its inhabitants live in the densely populated metropolitan area of its capital city. The state as it is now was created on October 27, 1857, when it was separated from Zacatecas after the tale says that the wife of the governor of the state promised to give a kiss to the President of the time, in exchange for

3612-452: The central Plaza de la Patria; Guadalupe, San Marcos, El Encino and La Estación. Guadalupe neighborhood, a traditional producer of pottery, centers around its local church. Located in the heart of Guadalupe, this religious sanctuary, the second most important in the city and dating back to the late 18th century , has a Baroque façade and a large dome covered in traditional talavera tiles. Inside it has many flower and angel motifs. The next

3696-506: The church, are one of the main attractions in the city. The second neighborhood is the Barrio de San Marcos , which has its roots in the early 17th century as an indigenous settlement on the outskirts of the then-village of Aguascalientes. Between 1628 and 1688, some communal land was allocated to the community, but the indigenous people still worked on Spanish-owned farms and produced goods to sell in Aguascalientes. Meanwhile, they organized

3780-400: The city grew as a planned city , having been pioneers in urban development regulation since 1936. The city is planned around three concentric highway loops. The third beltway loop is expected to be fully operational in 2022. The first and second loop have overpasses and underpasses at major intersections to avoid traffic from stopping. Lic. Jesús Terán Peredo International Airport serves

3864-500: The city has a significant Japanese population. Texas Instruments has one plant in Aguascalientes, which is dedicated to integrated circuitry (IC) manufacturing. Sensata Technologies has one plant in the city, making sensors and controls for automotive, HVAC and industrial use. Flextronics is another electronics manufacturer that has a plant located in Aguascalientes City. There are also several companies that work in

3948-406: The city of Santa María de los Lagos . He accepted the assignment and, accompanied by eleven other people, headed to the territory and thus founded the town of Aguas Calientes on October 22, 1575. It has been noted that it was called San Marcos originally, changing its name on August 18, 1611, to the Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption of Aguas Calientes. And finally, from June 2, 1875, it was called

4032-538: The city of Aguascalientes proper had a population of 797,010. The two other municipalities considered parts of the Aguascalientes metropolitan area are Jesús María and San Francisco de los Romo; they had populations of 99,590 and 35,769, respectively. As such, the Aguascalientes metropolitan area had a total population of 932,369. According to the latest census by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography, and Data Processing (INEGI), Aguascalientes City

4116-509: The city, with four daily non-stop international flights from/to Los Angeles, Dallas, Houston and Chicago; as well as domestic flights. Aguascalientes houses the largest festival held in Mexico, the San Marcos Fair , which takes place from the middle of April to the beginning of May. The celebration was held originally in the San Marcos church, neighborhood, and its magnificent neoclassical garden; since then, it has greatly expanded to cover

4200-508: The construction of a simple hospital and a chapel. This original chapel was replaced by the current Templo de San Marcos completed on December 15, 1763; this church is the spiritual headquarters of the Feria Nacional de San Marcos . The third neighborhood is the Barrio de Guadalupe , which began its development as a string of shops and trading posts alongside the road leading from Aguascalientes to Jalpa and Zacatecas during

4284-469: The country. However, recently it has also benefited from heavier tourism , since the capital city has gained prestige and status as a national destination for its colonial beauty and cleanliness. In addition, the haciendas and baths around the state have historic and recreational importance. Although this state is not often billed as a tourist center, international visitors, as well as citizens from all over Mexico, are attracted to San Marcos Fair , which

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4368-418: The early 20th century, clues as to the neighborhood's roots still remain. First of all, the fact that property lines generally followed irrigation ditches can still be seen in the neighborhood's haphazard street grids today. Second, the neighborhood's working-class character is visible in its primarily single-story homes featuring simple façades. A fifth neighborhood, the Barrio de la Estación , named after

4452-419: The exact date when Aguascalientes formally separated from the territory of Zacatecas. By virtue of having, de facto, defeated the liberal government of Zacatecas by rising against the central government, president Antonio López de Santa Anna passed through Aguascalientes, where he was well received by the people who had wanted to separate from Zacatecas for some time. Taking advantage of the independent souls of

4536-496: The fall 2009. In the spring 2010 campaign, Necaxa's only loss in the season came against F.C León, Necaxa faced this other soccer team on May 8, 2010, for the second leg of the Bicentennial Closing Spring Tournament of 2010. Necaxa won 4–2 on aggregate. Necaxa abandoned the Liga de Ascenso and returned to First Division fall 2010 season. As a result of this match Necaxa won the bi-championship in

4620-544: The largest in North America. The city of Aguascalientes was founded on October 22, 1575, by Juan de Montoro, his family and accompanying families. The village was originally conceived as a minor garrison and rest stop between the cities of Zacatecas and Lagos de Moreno , with the end goal of protecting silver in its route to Mexico City from the Chichimeca . Although the founders did not envision it becoming

4704-591: The largest rail hub and warehouses in all Latin America. The complex is adorned with dancing fountains, a railway plaza and original locomotives and monuments. It was in this complex that the first locomotive completely manufactured in Mexico was made. It symbolizes the progress of the city and its transformation from the rural to an emergent industrial economy. The rail factories supplied with railways and locomotives to whole of Mexico and Central America. The Train Station

4788-550: The latter half of the 18th century. The neighborhood's iconic Templo de Guadalupe was built between 1767 and 1789; it is recognized for its Spanish Baroque façade and its dome lined with Talavera tiles. Especially after the founding of the Fundición Central Mexicana ('Mexican Central Foundry'), the neighborhood developed quickly; by the early 20th century its roadside inns had mostly been converted into homes and its boundaries had blurred with those of

4872-535: The most famous artists in Mexico in the 1770s. The Camarin of the Immaculate in the church of San Diego is considered by historians to be the last Baroque building in the world; it links the Baroque and Neoclassical styles; it is the largest of the fewer than ten of these type of structures built in the whole continent. Aguascalientes is also home to some of the country's leading provincial theaters. Examples are

4956-497: The municipality of Calvillo. This county is one of the richest counties in Aguascalientes. There are several projects for economic development such as: the Financial District Río San Pedro, a monorail, a suburban train, the construction of the newest and most modern WTC in Mexico, over four shopping malls, two theme parks, two Executive Hotels and one whose qualification is five stars, eight bridges for

5040-647: The neighborhood was originally named Triana after the neighborhood in Seville, Spain. The Barrio del Encino is home to the Baroque-style Templo del Señor del Encino , a Catholic church built between 1773 and 1796. The Cristo Negro del Encino ('Black Christ of the live oak'), is a widely venerated religious icon symbolic of this neighborhood. The colonial square and the José Guadalupe Posada Museum , adjacent to

5124-467: The next five years, a Financial District around the Airport, A Texas Instruments Assembly-Test Plant, A Nissan Assembly plant, a Toyota assembly plant and several others projects place Aguascalientes as the third most competitive state in Mexico with more than US$ 12,000,000 in foreign direct investment per year (around 8 percent of Mexico's FDI) even though its population is just about 1.03 percent of

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5208-624: The north, especially in Nueva Vizcaya , Guadalajara became the seat of the second mainland Audiencia of New Spain in 1548. The Audiencia of Guadalajara had oversight of all the northern mainland provinces of the Viceroyalty. The Audiencia at first was subordinate to the Royal Audiencia of Mexico but was made independent in 1572, with a separate governor or president. This enabled New Galicia to be ruled largely separate from

5292-530: The presence of humans in this territory for more than 20,000 years. Later in the colonial times, Pedro Almíndez Chirino was the first Spaniard who entered the territory, perhaps by the end of 1530 or the beginning of 1531, following the instructions given by Nuño de Guzmán . Before the arrival of the Spaniards , the territory of what is now the State of Aguascalientes was inhabited by Chichimecas , who made

5376-528: The rest of the Viceroyalty. There are a number of published chronicles on colonial Nueva Galicia. A 1621 account by Domingo Lázaro de Arregui , Descripción de la Nueva Galicia gives considerable information about the indigenous peoples of the area. In the late 18th century, as part of the Bourbon Reforms , an Intendancy was established in Guadalajara. In 1824, after Mexican independence

5460-400: The robotics industry, the most notable being FANUC Robotics . The municipality is developing a system of interconnected green bicycle routes, greenways, the aim being to facilitate fast, safe, and pleasant bicycle transport from one end of the city to the other. Aguascalientes has a large network of roads connecting different municipalities of the city together and to other cities. Most of

5544-614: The self-trained architect Refugio Reyes ; the Guadalupe Posada Museum ( Museo Guadalupe Posada ), located in the historic nationhood of Triana, exhibits the life and work of José Guadalupe Posada ; and the State History Museum, which is housed in an elegant Art Nouveau mansion typical of the Porfirian period with and ornate patio and dining room with vegetable motifs in a Mediterranean style, with

5628-506: The separation of Aguascalientes from Zacatecas, which explains the shape of a kiss the state has. It bears the name Aguascalientes taken from its largest city and capital also called Aguascalientes. The state mostly has a semi-arid climate , with an exception in the northwestern part of the state with the Sierra Fría mountain range having a temperate highland climate. It also brings large amounts of rain that eventually flows into one of

5712-594: The settlers. Nine years later the Chichimeca War broke out, this time pitting mostly Zacatecos against their former allies, the Caxcan, who had now allied with the Spanish. Nahuas from the Valley of Mexico moved into the region along with the Spanish as the area was settled. In the last decades of the sixteenth century Huichols also arrived. Given the growing wealth of the region with the discovery of silver to

5796-715: The state are also of historical and recreational relevance. The municipality of Calvillo has a humid subtropical climate , The largest producer of guavas in Mexico, it attracts some fans of watersports to its reservoirs. The state has a Natural Protected Reserve in the higher mountains called Sierra Fría . Located at a height of 2,500 to 3,000 m (8,202 to 9,843  ft ) above sea level, it comprises oak and pine forests. Its attractions include observing exuberant landscape and wide ravines, in which, there are pumas, lynxes, boar, white-tailed deer, wild turkey, raccoons and many other animals. There are steep-sided cycle paths, camping and picnic areas as well as several hunting clubs. It

5880-860: The state of Zacatecas , eventually becoming capital of a new state in 1857. During the Porfiriato era , Aguascalientes was chosen to host the main workshops of the Mexican Central Railway company; bringing an industrial and cultural explosion. The city hosted the Revolutionary Convention of 1914 , an important meeting of war generals during the Mexican Revolution . Formed on a tradition of farming, mining and railroad and textile industry; contemporary Aguascalientes has attracted foreign investment of automobile and electronics companies due to its peaceful business climate, strategic location and existing infrastructure. The city

5964-583: The state of Aguascalientes on December 10, 1856. On September 16, 1857, on the strength of said constitution, Lic. Jesús Terán Peredo reclaimed his post as constitutional governor of the state. In the independent state, hidrocálidos (people of Aguascalientes) Jesús R. Macías, Manuel Rangel, Augustín Orona, José María Arellano and many other anonymous heroes distinguished themselves in the War of Reform . Silvestre Dorador, Román Morales, Pedro Vital, Alfonso Guerrero Aguilera and Alberto Fuentes Dávila were forerunners of

6048-502: The states reservoir. Mean annual temperature of the state is around 17 to 18 °C (62.6 to 64.4 °F) in which May and June are the hottest months with mean temperatures between 22 and 23 °C (71.6 and 73.4 °F). In these months, temperatures can exceed 30 °C (86.0 °F). January is the coldest month, averaging 13 to 14 °C (55.4 to 57.2 °F) with temperatures dropping down to 4 °C (39.2 °F). Frosts frequently occur from November to February. Mean rainfall

6132-471: The sun. Last but not least, the neighborhood of La Estación takes its name from the old railway station, inaugurated in 1911 and one of Aguascalientes' architectural and historical treasures. Aguascalientes historic downtown is home to several museums including the Aguascalientes Museum ( Museo de Aguascalientes ), the city's art museum, housed in a Classical-style building designed by

6216-467: The territory difficult to access. In fact, the total occupation of the lands of El Bajío was a task that would take about two centuries. With respect to this, Viceroy Luís de Velasco offered municipal benefits to those who established settlements to confront the Chichimeca. And for his part, Viceroy Gastón de Peralta decided to confront them directly, which did not end with good results. It

6300-446: The town's central train station, is often grouped in with the city's original neighborhoods. However, this neighborhood is considerably more modern, with much of its development dating from the final decades of the 19th century or later. Therefore, despite its important role in the history of Aguascalientes, it is not strictly accurate to consider the Barrio de la Estación one of the city's original historical neighborhoods. Under

6384-498: Was a football club from Aguascalientes , Mexico. The club was founded in 1994, when Salvador López Monroy , a restaurant business owner from Los Angeles, bought a second division franchise which he relocated to Aguascalientes where there was no professional football club. The club played its last tournament in 2000–2001 when the Governor of Aguascalientes bought first division club Necaxa , with its national following, and relocated it from Mexico City. Gallos de Aguascalientes

6468-470: Was general José Mariano Salas who, on August 5, 1846, announced the reestablishment of federalism , convening a constitutional congress that declared current the constitution of 1824 , but still didn't consider Aguascalientes as a state. Subsequently, on May 18, 1847, amendments were approved to the Constitution of 1824, but neither granted to Aguascalientes the status of a state. That brought about

6552-655: Was in order to be in the territory that is presently the state inhabited by Chichimecas, the so-called Guachichiles, that the conquistadors built several forts or presidios. This was a system devised by Martín Enríquez de Almanza following the strategy that had been developing in Spain throughout the Reconquista period. Therefore, in order to protect the Camino de la Plata, which stretched between Zacatecas and Mexico City , three presidios [garrisoned fortifications] founded by

6636-639: Was located on what are now Moctezuma and Victoria Streets, although some historians place it on the Calle 5 de Mayo (once the Camino Real) at Moctezuma, just in front of the Plaza de Armas. This was a fortress whose purpose was the protection of the Valle de los Romero and the road to Zacatecas, entering this way to secure the passage of convoys loaded with silver and other metals. The founding of Aguascalientes as

6720-583: Was named after Galicia in Spain . Nueva Galicia's territory consisted of the present-day Mexican states of Aguascalientes , Guanajuato , Colima , Jalisco , Nayarit and Zacatecas . Spanish exploration of the area began in 1531 with Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán 's expedition. He named the main city founded in the area Villa de Guadalajara after his birthplace and called the area he conquered "la Conquista del Espíritu Santo de la Mayor España" ("the Conquest of

6804-453: Was not made official as it did not meet the legal requirements to take effect, since it was necessary that two thirds of each house, both Senators and Representatives , approved the order; furthermore it would be required that two thirds of the legislatures of the states also approved it. The second requirement not being completed, the constitutional congress convened again to develop the centralized constitution that would be known later as

6888-571: Was represented on the field and played their final 2009 match within the Primera División (First Division) tier in the 2009 season after losing 1-0 vs Club América. Under the rules of regulation, Necaxa would not be able to participate in the First Division competition play in the fall 2009 and spring 2010 year. Necaxa's closing spring 2010 league performance had some accomplishments. They had an undefeated record at home throughout

6972-565: Was the 13th largest metropolitan area by population in the country. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Mexico. Aguascalientes is home to two large Nissan manufacturing plants, including the most important outside of Japan. Among other models of cars, they manufacture the Sentra and the Versa . The Aguascalientes plants are responsible for the majority of Mexico's overall annual production of 850,000 Nissan automobiles. Due to their presence,

7056-431: Was then sold to Chivas , which changed its name to F.C. Tapatio de Guadalajara , affiliated to Chivas. The city is home to the soccer team Club Necaxa , which plays in Mexican first division. The club left Mexico City and relocated to Aguascalientes following the 2003 opening of Estadio Victoria , which is now the club's home venue and one of the best stadiums in the country. Panteras de Aguascalientes its part of

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