Misplaced Pages

#208791

46-525: Nagoya is the capital and largest city of Aichi Prefecture, and the fourth-largest city in Japan . Other major cities include Toyota , Okazaki , and Ichinomiya . Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya form the core of the Chūkyō metropolitan area , the third-largest metropolitan area in Japan and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. Aichi Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast and forms part of

92-519: A combination of these. Such usage of Chinese characters to phonetically represent Japanese syllables eventually led to the birth of kana , as they were created from simplified cursive forms ( hiragana ) and fragments ( katakana ) of man'yōgana . Like the majority of surviving Old Japanese literature, the vast majority of the Man'yōshū is written in Western Old Japanese,

138-527: A period of roughly a century, with scholars assigning the major poets of the collection to one or another of the four "periods" discussed above. Princess Nukata 's poetry is included in that of the first period (645–672), while the second period (673–701) is represented by the poetry of Kakinomoto no Hitomaro , generally regarded as the greatest of Man'yōshū poets and one of the most important poets in Japanese history. The third period (702–729) includes

184-509: A preface to the Nihon Gakujutsu Shinkō Kai edition of the Man'yōshū : One "envoy" ( hanka ) to a long poem was translated as early as 1834 by the celebrated German orientalist Heinrich Julius Klaproth (1783–1835). Klaproth, having journeyed to Siberia in pursuit of strange languages, encountered some Japanese castaways, fishermen, hardly ideal mentors for the study of 8th century poetry. Not surprisingly, his translation

230-556: Is from the 1898 Imperial Japanese Population Statistics (日本帝国人口統計). Source data is from the 1908 Imperial Japanese Population Statistics (日本帝国人口統計). Source data is from the 1920 Census (国勢調査), the first formal census to be taken in Japan. Source data is from the 1930 Census. Source data is from the 1940 Census. Japan emerged from the Second World War in defeat, under temporary American administration . Many cities had been attacked by American bomber forces , and many of

276-422: Is from the 1980 Census. By 1990, almost all the largest Japanese cities had assumed their present-day population ranking. Source data is from the 1990 Census. By 2002, the ongoing suburbanization drawing population from Tōkyō and Ōsaka was showing signs of abating, with people slowly moving back into the cities proper. Source data is from the 2000 Census. In the mid-2000s, another series of municipal mergers

322-531: Is the old capital of Owari. The Aichi Prefectural Police and its predecessor organisations have been responsible for law enforcement in the prefecture since 1871. The Expo 2005 World Exposition was held in Seto and Nagakute . In the third volume of the Man'yōshū there is a poem by Takechi Kurohito that reads: "The cry of the crane, calling to Sakurada; it sounds like the tide, draining from Ayuchi flats, hearing

368-554: Is the oldest extant collection of Japanese waka (poetry in Old Japanese or Classical Japanese ), compiled sometime after AD 759 during the Nara period . The anthology is one of the most revered of Japan's poetic compilations. The compiler, or the last in a series of compilers, is today widely believed to be Ōtomo no Yakamochi , although numerous other theories have been proposed. The chronologically last datable poem in

414-411: The Man'yōshū exerts a powerful sentimental appeal to readers: [T]his early collection has something of the freshness of dawn [...] There are irregularities not tolerated later, such as hypometric lines; there are evocative place names and makurakotoba ; and there are evocative exclamations such as kamo , whose appeal is genuine even if incommunicable. In other words, the collection contains

460-429: The Man'yōshū have a continental tone, earlier poems having Confucian or Taoist themes and later poems reflecting on Buddhist teachings. However, the Man'yōshū is considered singular, even in comparison with later works, in choosing primarily Ancient Japanese themes, extolling Shintō virtues of forthrightness ( 真 , makoto ) and virility ( masuraoburi ). In addition, the language of many entries of

506-508: The Man'yōshū . A mokkan excavated in Kizugawa, Kyoto , contains the first 11 characters of poem 2205 from volume 10, written in Man'yōgana . It is dated between 750 and 780, and its size is 23.4 by 2.4 by 1.2 cm (9.21 by 0.94 by 0.47 in). Inspection with an infrared camera revealed other characters, suggesting that the mokkan was used for writing practice. Another mokkan , excavated in 1997 from

SECTION 10

#1732765060209

552-565: The Kintetsu Nagoya Line . Gross domestic product (2018) is the second largest in Japan, the shipment value of manufactured goods (2018) is the first in Japan, annual product sales (2019) is the third largest in Japan, and its agricultural output (2018) is eighth in Japan. Aichi's agriculture industry and commerce are all ranked high in Japan, and the industrial structure is well-balanced. Companies headquartered in Aichi include

598-549: The Man'yōshū , including commentaries, the original text, and translations of the prose elements in-between poems. He completed, in order, volumes 15, 5, 14, 20, 17, 18, 1, 19, 2, and 16 before his death in 2022, with volume 10 set to be released posthumously. In premodern Japan, officials used wooden slips or tablets of various sizes, known as mokkan , for recording memoranda, simple correspondence, and official dispatches. Three mokkan that have been excavated contain text from

644-625: The Meiji Mura open-air architectural museum in Inuyama , which preserves historic buildings from Japan's Meiji and Taishō periods, including the reconstructed lobby of Frank Lloyd Wright 's old Imperial Hotel (which originally stood in Tokyo from 1923 to 1967). Other popular sites in Aichi include the tour of Toyota car factory in the city by the same name, the monkey park in Inuyama, and

690-773: The Tōkai region , a subregion of the Chūbu region and Kansai region . Aichi Prefecture is home to the Toyota Motor Corporation . Aichi Prefecture had many locations with the Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens , The Chubu Centrair International Airport , and the Legoland Japan Resort . Located near the center of the Japanese main island of Honshu , Aichi Prefecture faces the Ise and Mikawa Bays to

736-436: The kanji that make up the title Man'yōshū ( 万 — 葉 — 集 ) is "ten thousand — leaves — collection". The principal interpretations of this name, according to the 20th century scholar Sen'ichi Hisamatsu  [ ja ] , are: Of these, supporters of the first interpretation can be further divided into: Furthermore, supporters of the second interpretation of the name can be divided into: The third interpretation of

782-519: The 31-syllable count of tanka and the latter preserving the 5-7 pattern of syllables in each line. Ian Hideo Levy published the first of what was intended to be a four volume English translation in 1981 for which he received the Japan–U.S. Friendship Commission Prize for the Translation of Japanese Literature . In 2009, Alexander Vovin published the first volume of his English translation of

828-462: The Korean kingdom of Paekche , whose poetry is highly idiosyncratic in both its language and subject matter and has been highly praised in modern times. Yakamochi himself was a poet of the fourth period (730–759), and according to Keene he "dominated" this period. He composed the last dated poem of the anthology in 759. In addition to its artistic merits, the Man'yōshū is significant for using

874-481: The Man'yōshū between 1929 and 1963, although this is described by Alexander Vovin as "seriously outdated" due to Pierson having "ignored or misunderstood many facts of Old Japanese grammar and phonology" which had been established in the 20th century. Japanese scholars Honda Heihachiro (1967) and Suga Teruo (1991) both produced complete literary translations into English, with the former using rhymed iambic feet and preserving

920-633: The Miyamachi archaeological site in Kōka, Shiga , contains poem 3807 in volume 16. It is dated to the middle of the 8th century, and is 2 centimetres (0.79 in) wide by 1 millimetre (0.039 in) thick. Lastly, a mokkan excavated at the Ishigami archaeological site in Asuka, Nara , contains the first 14 characters of poem 1391, in volume 7, written in Man'yōgana . Its size

966-707: The appeal of an art at its pristine source with a romantic sense of venerable age and therefore of an ideal order since lost. The compilation of the Man'yōshū also preserves the names of earlier Japanese poetic compilations, these being the Ruijū Karin ( 類聚歌林 , Forest of Classified Verses) , several texts called the Kokashū ( 古歌集 , Collections of Antique Poems) , as well as at least four family or individual anthologies known as kashū ( 家集 ) belonging to Kakimoto no Hitomaro, Kasa no Kanamura, Takahashi no Mushimaro and Tanabe no Sakimaro. The literal translation of

SECTION 20

#1732765060209

1012-611: The castles in Nagoya , Okazaki , Toyohashi , and Inuyama. Aichi Prefecture has many wonderful beaches. For example, Himakajima Beach, Shinojima Beach, Akabane Beach and Utsumi Beach. Largest cities in Japan by population by decade This article lists the ten most populous cities in Japan by decade, starting after the Meiji Restoration of 1868. The first Japanese Census was not conducted until 1920, but other civilian and military population counts were carried out in

1058-505: The collection is from AD 759 ( No.  4516). It contains many poems from a much earlier period, with the bulk of the collection representing the period between AD 600 and 759. The precise significance of the title is not known with certainty. The Man'yōshū comprises more than 4,500 waka poems in 20 volumes, and is broadly divided into three genres: Zoka , songs at banquets and trips; Somonka , songs about love between men and women; and Banka , songs to mourn

1104-638: The crane cry". Ayuchi is the original form of the name Aichi , and the Fujimae tidal flat is all that remains of the earlier Ayuchi-gata. It is now a protected area. For a time, an Aichi Station existed on the Kansai Line (at the time the Kansai Railway) between Nagoya and Hatta stations, but its role was overtaken by Sasashima-raibu Station on the Aonami Line and Komeno Station on

1150-639: The death of people. These songs were written by people of various statuses, such as the Emperor, aristocrats, junior officials, Sakimori soldiers ( Sakimori songs), street performers, peasants, and Togoku folk songs (Eastern songs). There are more than 2,100 waka poems by unknown authors. The collection is divided into 20 parts or books; this number was followed in most later collections. The collection contains 265 chōka (long poems), 4,207 tanka (short poems), one an-renga (short connecting poem), one bussokusekika (a poem in

1196-597: The dialect of the capital region around Kyoto and Nara . However, specific parts of the collection, particularly volumes 14 and 20, are also highly valued by historical linguists for the information they provide on other Old Japanese dialects , as these volumes collectively contain over 300 poems from the Azuma provinces of eastern Japan—what is now the regions of Chūbu , Kanto , and southern Tōhoku . Julius Klaproth produced some early, severely flawed translations of Man'yōshū poetry. Donald Keene explained in

1242-546: The earliest Japanese writing system, the cumbersome man'yōgana . Though it was by no means the first use of this writing system—which was used to compose the Kojiki (712), —it was influential enough to give the writing system its modern name, as man'yōgana means "the kana of the Man'yō[shū] ". This system uses Chinese characters in a variety of functions: logographically to represent Japanese words, phonetically to represent Japanese sounds, and frequently in

1288-726: The exception of the Chita Peninsula , was established as Nagoya Prefecture, while Mikawa combined with the Chita Peninsula and formed Nukata Prefecture . Nagoya Prefecture was renamed to Aichi Prefecture in April 1872 and was united with Nukata Prefecture on November 27 of the same year. The government of Aichi Prefecture is located in the Aichi Prefectural Government Office in Nagoya, which

1334-404: The following. Companies such as Fuji Heavy Industries , Mitsubishi Motors , Pfizer , Sony , Suzuki , Bodycote , and Volkswagen Group also operate plants or branch offices in Aichi. Expressways and toll roads National highways National universities Public universities Private universities The sports teams listed below are based in Aichi. Notable sites in Aichi include

1380-621: The form 5-7-5-7-7-7; named for the poems inscribed on the Buddha's footprints at Yakushi-ji in Nara ), four kanshi (Chinese poems), and 22 Chinese prose passages. Unlike later collections, such as the Kokin Wakashū , there is no preface. The Man'yōshū is widely regarded as being a particularly unique Japanese work, though its poems and passages did not differ starkly from its contemporaneous (for Yakamochi's time) scholarly standard of Chinese literature and poetics; many entries of

1426-465: The government enacted a sweeping overhaul of the municipal government system, part of which involved a drastic program of municipality mergers. Overall, the "Great Meiji Mergers" cut the number of municipalities in Japan by more than three quarters, while dramatically increasing the size of many cities as they absorbed their surrounding towns and villages. Source data is from the 1891 Imperial Japanese Registered Household Report (日本帝国民籍戸口表). Source data

Aichi Prefecture - Misplaced Pages Continue

1472-419: The largest cities suffered further loss as residents evacuated to more rural regions of the country. Cities, though, were already recovering quickly from their wartime lows. Source data is from the 1950 Census. A series of municipal mergers throughout the 1950s known as the "Great Showa Mergers" cut the number of municipalities in Japan by almost two thirds, significantly increasing the size of many cities in

1518-508: The last great chōka poets, who recorded a number of Japanese legends such as that of Ura no Shimako ; and Kasa no Kanamura , a high-ranking courtier who also composed chōka but not as well as Hitomaro or Mushimaro. But the most prominent and important poets of the third period were Ōtomo no Tabito , Yakamochi's father and the head of a poetic circle in the Dazaifu , and Tabito's friend Yamanoue no Okura , possibly an immigrant from

1564-613: The military order. Source data is from "Nihon Chishi Teiyo" (日本地誌提要, the Japanese Topographical Outline). Several major cities and towns actually lost population over the 1870s, as people continued to emigrate out of the former castle towns. Source data is from the Fourth Joint Military-Government Report (第四回共武政表), a requisitioning document listing municipal populations and available resources and provisions. In 1888,

1610-474: The name - that it refers to a poetry collection that uses a large quantity of paper - was proposed by Yūkichi Takeda in his Man'yōshū Shinkai jō ( 萬葉集新解上 ) , but Takeda also accepted the second interpretation; his theory that the title refers to the large volume of paper used in the collection has not gained much traction among other scholars. The collection is customarily divided into four periods. The earliest dates to prehistoric or legendary pasts, from

1656-416: The poems of Takechi no Kurohito , whom Donald Keene called "[t]he only new poet of importance" of the early part of this period, when Fujiwara no Fuhito promoted the composition of kanshi (poetry in classical Chinese ). Other "third period" poets include: Yamabe no Akahito , a poet who was once paired with Hitomaro but whose reputation has suffered in modern times; Takahashi no Mushimaro , one of

1702-584: The prior years between 1872 and 1918, and those form the source data for this article. When data is not available right on the turn of the decade, the closest year is used. In 1868, the Meiji Restoration deposed the Tokugawa Shogunate and founded the Empire of Japan . Many major cities had lost population since the Tokugawa Era, as samurai left the former castle towns after the collapse of

1748-414: The process. By this time, almost all of Japan's largest cities had recovered war losses and exceeded their prewar populations. Source data is from the 1960 Census. Tokyo and Osaka began to experience a trend of suburbanization, as people left the cities for the less densely peopled surrounding municipalities. Other major cities continued to grow rapidly. Source data is from the 1970 Census. Source data

1794-461: The south and borders Shizuoka Prefecture to the east, Nagano Prefecture to the northeast, Gifu Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture to the west. It measures 106 km (66 mi) east to west and 94 km (58 mi) south to north and forms a major portion of the Nōbi Plain . With an area of 5,172.48 square kilometres (1,997.11 sq mi) it accounts for approximately 1.36% of

1840-570: The time of Emperor Yūryaku ( r.   c.  456  – c.  479 ) to those of the little documented Emperor Yōmei (r. 585–587), Saimei (r. 594–661), and finally Tenji (r. 668–671) during the Taika Reforms and the time of Fujiwara no Kamatari (614–669). The second period covers the end of the 7th century, coinciding with the popularity of Kakinomoto no Hitomaro , one of Japan's greatest poets. The third period spans 700 – c.  730 and covers

1886-407: The total surface area of Japan. The highest spot is Chausuyama at 1,415 m (4,642 ft) above sea level. The western part of the prefecture is dominated by Nagoya , Japan's third largest city, and its suburbs, while the eastern part is less densely populated but still contains several major industrial centers. Due to its robust economy, for the period from October 2005 to October 2006, Aichi

Aichi Prefecture - Misplaced Pages Continue

1932-422: The towns and villages in each district : As of 2001, Aichi Prefecture's population was 50.03% male and 49.97% female. 139,540 residents (nearly 2% of the population) are of foreign nationality. Originally, the region was divided into two provinces of Owari and Mikawa . After the Meiji Restoration , Owari and Mikawa were united into a single entity. In 1871, after the abolition of the han system , Owari, with

1978-418: The works of such poets as Yamabe no Akahito , Ōtomo no Tabito and Yamanoue no Okura . The fourth period spans 730–760 and includes the work of the last great poet of this collection, the compiler Ōtomo no Yakamochi himself, who not only wrote many original poems but also edited, updated and refashioned an unknown number of ancient poems. The vast majority of the poems of the Man'yōshū were composed over

2024-615: Was anything but accurate. In 1940, Columbia University Press published a translation created by a committee of Japanese scholars and revised by the English poet, Ralph Hodgson . This translation was accepted in the Japanese Translation Series of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Dutch scholar Jan L. Pierson completed an English translation of

2070-496: Was enacted. The "Great Heisei Mergers" nearly halved the number of municipalities in Japan, once again increasing the size of some cities significantly and creating new towns and cities. Despite a mounting population loss in rural areas and some smaller cities, Japan's major cities continue to grow. Source date is from the 2010 Census. Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB The Man'yōshū ( 万葉集 , pronounced [maɰ̃joꜜːɕɯː] ; literally "Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves")

2116-571: Was the fastest growing prefecture in terms of population, beating Tokyo , at 7.4% and around with after Saitama Prefecture . As of 1 April 2012, 23% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks , namely the Aichi Kōgen , Hida-Kisogawa , Mikawa Wan , and Tenryū-Okumikawa Quasi-National Parks along with seven Prefectural Natural Parks. Thirty-eight cities are located in Aichi Prefecture. These are

#208791