168-400: Dyson is a Singapore-based company and manufacturer of bagless vacuum cleaners (using cyclonic separation and brushless electric motors ), heatless hand dryers , bladeless fans/heaters, and robotic vacuum cleaners . Dyson has developed various basic technologies for use in their products, including designing and manufacturing its own specialized motors. The electric motor marketed as
336-602: A HEPA filter to remove bacteria and mould from the air. The Dyson Airblade is the world's first hygienic commercial hand dryer according to NSF International; it is accredited by the British Skin Foundation and the Royal Institute of Public Health as well. The Dyson Airblade is hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) approved. The Airblade Wash+Dry launched in 2013 and is a tap with an integrated hand dryer The Dyson "Air Multiplier"
504-522: A Helmholtz resonator to cancel a 10 kHz whine. Later, Dyson produced combination heating and cooling fans (some with HEPA filters) based on its "air multiplier" design. In addition, some newer designs feature "Jet Focus", the ability to shift between a wide and shallow or a narrower but farther-reaching stream of air, under user control. Most of the Dyson fans and heaters are controlled by small infrared remote controls, which can be held magnetically on
672-510: A "V8" version (for cordless vacuums) and a "V9" version (for a hair dryer), as of 2020. The Dyson Root Cyclone technology is used in all Dyson vacuum cleaners from DC07 onward. The DC17, DC22, and DC23 use the improved "Root Cyclone & Core Separator", also called "Radix Cyclone", "Intermediary Cyclone", or "Level 3 Root Cyclone Technology". Most of the current range use "2 Tier Radial cyclones", consisting of two cascaded levels of cyclonic separators to remove dirt and dust without requiring
840-869: A 20-second dry time for the Xlerator to the Materials Systems Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , rather than Excel Dryer's tested 12 second dry time, thus inflating energy consumption figures in the Airblade's favour. In October 2015, LG sued Dyson in Australia over an advertisement claiming the V6 vacuum to have "twice the suction power of all cordless vacuums." LG stated their vacuum Cord Zero Cyking provides 200 watts of maximum suction power, twice that of
1008-871: A German naturalist, Peter Simon Pallas , as a valley that once connected the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and subsequently was proposed as a natural boundary between continents. By the mid-19th century, there were three main conventions, one following the Don, the Volga–Don Canal and the Volga, the other following the Kuma–Manych Depression to the Caspian and then the Ural River, and the third abandoning
1176-643: A Semitic term for west , this being either Akkadian erebu meaning 'to go down, set' (said of the sun) or Phoenician 'ereb 'evening, west', which is at the origin of Arabic maghreb and Hebrew ma'arav . Martin Litchfield West stated that "phonologically, the match between Europa's name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor", while Beekes considers a connection to Semitic languages improbable. Most major world languages use words derived from Eurṓpē or Europa to refer to
1344-697: A US$ 360 million plant in Tuas , Singapore in 2013, which can produce four million digital motors a year. In 2016, Dyson injected $ 100 million to increase output to an estimated 11 million digital motors a year. In January 2017, Dyson announced its US headquarters and operations would move to the Fulton Market District in Chicago by end of year. The move added 100 employees to the company's Chicago headcount with over 40,000 square feet of newly leased office space. In February 2017, Dyson announced
1512-407: A bag or filter. Most versions are identified by a name such as "DC14". Later upright and cylinder cleaners have labels such as "Small Ball" or "Big Ball" which relate to the machine's form factor. Cordless vacuum cleaners are identified by names such as "V11" or "V7" which denote the version of the appliance (the higher the model number, the greater its specification). Older cordless models pre-dating
1680-818: A boundary along the Terek and Kuban rivers, so southwards from the Kuma and the Manych, but still with the Caucasus entirely in Asia. However, most geographers in the Soviet Union favoured the boundary along the Caucasus crest, and this became the common convention in the later 20th century, although the Kuma–Manych boundary remained in use in some 20th-century maps. Some view the separation of Eurasia into Asia and Europe as
1848-582: A common currency, the euro , and participate in the European single market and a customs union . A large bloc of countries, the Schengen Area , have also abolished internal border and immigration controls. Regular popular elections take place every five years within the EU; they are considered to be the second-largest democratic elections in the world after India's . The EU is the third-largest economy in
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#17327908946962016-598: A different range of tools to the usual "Multifloor" and "Animal" versions and also appear in different colours. The Drawing later became exclusive to the British John Lewis Department Stores . Some of the early Dyson models (DC01, DC02, DC04) were available in a " De Stijl " colour scheme of purple, red and yellow, in homage to the Dutch design movement of the same name. In 1996, 100,000 recoloured DC01 and DC02 models were produced as part of
2184-440: A fire risk. In March 2015, Dyson released an Air Multiplier humidifier, which uses "Ultraviolet Cleanse" technology to clean water by running it through ultraviolet light twice before it is released. A piezoelectric transducer in the base vibrates up to 1.7 million times a second to break the water down into small droplets which are drawn up and added to the air with Air Multiplier technology. In January 2016, Dyson released
2352-568: A fund-raising effort for Ranulph Fiennes's solo expedition to the Antarctic. For these models, the yellow parts found on the mainstream models were replaced with light blue ones, and on the DC02 Antarctic Solo the body was also recoloured in white instead of silver. Image of a Dyson V6 with an attached-mini motorized head. All Dyson handheld/handsticks have similar, but not identical, main bodies. There are two distinct models of
2520-756: A joint robotics lab with Imperial College London to investigate vision systems and engineer a generation of household robots. In 2001 the company had been close to launching a robot vacuum , the DC06, but James Dyson pulled it from the production line as it was too heavy and slow. In 2016, Dyson launched the 360 Eye, and in 2021 the 360 Heurist. Dyson funded a professorship at the University of Cambridge Department of Engineering in November 2011, adding to earlier funding of post-doctorate research. The Dyson Professor of Fluid Mechanics focuses on teaching and researching
2688-406: A large land mass completely or almost completely surrounded by water at its borders. Prior to the adoption of the current convention that includes mountain divides, the border between Europe and Asia had been redefined several times since its first conception in classical antiquity , but always as a series of rivers, seas and straits that were believed to extend an unknown distance east and north from
2856-544: A lawsuit by hand dryer manufacturer Excel Dryer was filed against Dyson, claiming that Dyson's advertising comparing the Airblade to the Excel Dryer Xlerator was deceptive. Dyson's advertisements stated that the Xlerator produced twice as much carbon dioxide, was worse for the environment, and cost more to operate than the Airblade. Excel Dryer claimed that Dyson was falsifying its comparisons by submitting
3024-460: A layer of dust inside, clogging the fine material mesh. Later, Dyson was working on his ballbarrow at a company he had founded (but no longer entirely owned) where a large vacuum system was used to contain the fusion bonded epoxy coating that was sprayed on the wheelbarrow arms as a powder coating . Dyson found the system inefficient, and was told by equipment manufacturers that giant cyclone systems were better. Centrifugal separators are
3192-516: A long production run from 2001 until 2008, and came in many different colour combinations. During the DC07 production run, in 2002, Dyson switched all manufacturing of its vacuum cleaners from Malmesbury, UK to a new factory in Malaysia. The DC15 is a complex machine compared to earlier upright models, and is the first Dyson upright with an independent motorised brushroll, controlled by a switch next to
3360-526: A new production facility in Malaysia. It had two separate dust bins and cyclone assemblies to make the machine smaller when it was packed away. It was only available in two variants, one coloured yellow and the other was a turquoise/aqua model. The DC11 was quickly superseded by the DC08T Telescope wrap, and not produced for very long. It was the replacement of the DC08, and to all intents and purposes
3528-522: A partnership with the Malaysian electronics manufacturer VS Industry Bhd (VSI) to take on a major role in Dyson's supply chain, from raw material sourcing and production to distribution. VSI also undertook an extensive production plan to supply finished product to Dyson's markets around the globe (America, UK, Japan, etc.). In 2016, it was said that Dyson has around 7,000 employees. Dyson has not publicly stated where those employees are located, though it
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#17327908946963696-561: A popular and enduring feature which has been heavily copied. The DC01 became the biggest selling vacuum cleaner in the UK in just 18 months. By 2001, the DC01 made up 47% of the upright vacuum cleaner market. The company introduced a cylinder machine, the DC02, and produced a number of special editions and revised models (DC02 Absolute, DC02 De Stijl, DC05, DC04, DC06, DC04 Zorbster). On 2 January 2001
3864-763: A precise eastern boundary of Europe arises in the Early Modern period, as the eastern extension of Muscovy began to include North Asia . Throughout the Middle Ages and into the 18th century, the traditional division of the landmass of Eurasia into two continents, Europe and Asia, followed Ptolemy, with the boundary following the Turkish Straits , the Black Sea , the Kerch Strait , the Sea of Azov and
4032-572: A real home environment the machines used much more power. Dyson said both brands have "capitalized on loopholes" found within the EU regulations to be granted an AAAA energy consumption rating, when actual domestic use showed they performed similarly to an "E" or "F" rating. Dyson issued proceedings against Bosch in Netherlands and France, and against Siemens in Germany and Belgium. However, BSH 's Hausgeräte, which makes household appliances under
4200-711: A residue of Eurocentrism : "In physical, cultural and historical diversity, China and India are comparable to the entire European landmass, not to a single European country. [...]." During the 2.5 million years of the Pleistocene , numerous cold phases called glacials ( Quaternary ice age ), or significant advances of continental ice sheets, in Europe and North America, occurred at intervals of approximately 40,000 to 100,000 years. The long glacial periods were separated by more temperate and shorter interglacials which lasted about 10,000–15,000 years. The last cold episode of
4368-685: A result, the Reconquista took the greater part of eight hundred years, in which period a long list of Alfonsos, Sanchos, Ordoños, Ramiros, Fernandos, and Bermudos would be fighting their Christian rivals as much as the Muslim invaders. During the Dark Ages, the Western Roman Empire fell under the control of various tribes. The Germanic and Slav tribes established their domains over Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Eventually
4536-821: A ruling which greatly favoured bagged vacuum cleaners. Dyson sued the European Commission, resulting in a judgement requiring testing be done under normal usage conditions. Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere . It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to
4704-583: A significant expansion programme in the UK, opening a new high-tech campus on the former RAF Hullavington Airfield in Hullavington , Wiltshire, about 5 miles (8 km) south of its Malmesbury site. It has been suggested that research there will focus on battery technologies , following the acquisition of US start-up Sakti3, and robotics . On 22 January 2019, Dyson announced plans to move its company headquarters to Singapore , citing its intention to be closer with its fastest growing markets throughout
4872-515: A single motor for the suction and to drive the brushroll via a mechanical clutch as on the DC04, DC07 and DC14. This unit has been discontinued as of July 2013. No replacement model has been announced. In mainland Europe, the DC33c is a cylinder machine known as the "Allergy Musclehead". The DC02 was available in several special editions: None of the DC08 models had electric motorised floorheads. Like
5040-584: A smaller filter assembly. Like the V8, it has a wall mounted charging dock and shares the same motorised floor head architecture. Prior to its release, Dyson announced that they were ceasing developing new corded vacuum models, this was also mentioned on Dyson's official website. One of the main improvements of the Dyson 360 Vis Nav over the Dyson 360 Heurist is its lower profile. The Dyson 360 Vis Nav can clean under furniture up to 99 mm in height, easily navigating under and around obstacles. The Dyson 360 Heurist, on
5208-501: A smartphone app. The Dyson CR01 Contrarotator, first available in November 2000, was a washing machine with two counter-rotating drums, the first of its type. Each drum had 5,000 perforations to help evacuate water. Dyson's next washing machine, in 2004, was the CR02, with "Flowcheck" and "Allergy" models. The company stopped making washing machines in 2005 as they were unprofitable. As of November 2012, Dyson no longer supports or services
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5376-402: A typical method of collecting dirt, dust and debris in industrial settings, but such methods usually were not applied on a smaller scale because of the higher cost. He knew sawmills used this type of equipment, and investigated by visiting a local sawmill at night and taking measurements. He then built a 30-foot model for the ballbarrow factory. While constructing this at home, Dyson realized
5544-530: A week. The second cohort of students, joining in September 2018, was 40% female, compared to a national average of 15.1% for engineering subjects. In 1985, Dyson sued Amway for copyright infringement of a Dyson dual cyclone prototype machine. Dyson claimed that he had sent the prototype machines, drawings, and confidential information to Amway as part of a contract in April 1984. In January 1985, Amway produced
5712-628: Is affected by warm Atlantic currents, such as the Gulf Stream , which produce a temperate climate , tempering winters and summers, on much of the continent. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable producing more continental climates . European culture consists of a range of national and regional cultures, which form the central roots of the wider Western civilisation , and together commonly reference ancient Greece and ancient Rome , particularly through their Christian successors , as crucial and shared roots. Beginning with
5880-401: Is also evidence that Homo sapiens arrived in Europe around 54,000 years ago, some 10,000 years earlier than previously thought. The earliest sites in Europe dated 48,000 years ago are Riparo Mochi (Italy), Geissenklösterle (Germany) and Isturitz (France). The European Neolithic period—marked by the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock, increased numbers of settlements and
6048-488: Is closest to Anatolia (or Asia Minor), but is considered part of Europe politically and it is a member state of the EU. Malta was considered an island of North-western Africa for centuries, but now it is considered to be part of Europe as well. "Europe", as used specifically in British English , may also refer to Continental Europe exclusively. The term "continent" usually implies the physical geography of
6216-502: Is generally considered a transcontinental country divided entirely by water, while Russia and Kazakhstan are only partly divided by waterways. France, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain are also transcontinental (or more properly, intercontinental, when oceans or large seas are involved) in that their main land areas are in Europe while pockets of their territories are located on other continents separated from Europe by large bodies of water. Spain, for example, has territories south of
6384-483: Is known that VS Industry Bhd (VSI) had around 4,250 employees at their Malaysian facility which manufactures Dyson products, and in 2007 it was reported that Dyson was responsible for 80% of VS Industry Bhd revenue. In 2009, SKP Resources Bhd moved from being Dyson's sub-contractor to contract manufacturer, by supplying an upright vacuum cleaner. In 2015, SKP continued to expand with a new facility in order to meet Dyson's growing demand. The world's first Dyson hairdryer
6552-464: Is multiplied between 15 and 18 times for the models AM01, AM02 and AM03, projecting a smooth stream of uninterrupted air, without the buffeting effect caused by conventional fan blades. In March 2014, the second-generation models of the Air Multiplier were acoustically re-engineered so that the "bladeless" [ sic ] fans were quieter than their predecessors, using improved airflow and
6720-418: Is produced by SKP. In February 2022, Channel 4 News reported allegations of "forced labour" conditions at a Malaysian manufacturer of Dyson products. Not long after, Dyson announced termination of contracts with the manufacturer, known as ATA IMS, adding that "We hope this gives ATA the impetus to improve, and enables an orderly withdrawal in the interests of the workers that they employ." Dyson launched
6888-550: Is sometimes considered to mark the end of antiquity; alternatively antiquity is considered to end with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE; the closure of the pagan Platonic Academy of Athens in 529 CE; or the rise of Islam in the early 7th century CE. During most of its existence, the Byzantine Empire was one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe. During
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7056-422: Is somewhat arbitrary and inconsistent compared to any clear-cut definition of the term "continent". The current division of Eurasia into two continents now reflects East-West cultural, linguistic and ethnic differences which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line. The geographic border between Europe and Asia does not follow any state boundaries and now only follows a few bodies of water. Turkey
7224-602: Is virtually the same in appearance and design as the DC08. Supplied to Continental Europe and Australia (Cylinder type) and Canada (Upright type) (Not available in the UK). According to this Dyson review listing on the Australian website, the Dyson DC29 Multi floor is no longer available. It weighs 6 kg (13 lb) and has a suction power of 180 Airwatts. Also available in an Issey Miyake limited edition in which
7392-845: The Carolingian Renaissance of the 9th century. From that time, the term designated the sphere of influence of the Western Church , as opposed to both the Eastern Orthodox churches and to the Islamic world . A cultural definition of Europe as the lands of Latin Christendom coalesced in the 8th century, signifying the new cultural condominium created through the confluence of Germanic traditions and Christian-Latin culture, defined partly in contrast with Byzantium and Islam , and limited to northern Iberia ,
7560-517: The Don (ancient Tanais ). But maps produced during the 16th to 18th centuries tended to differ in how to continue the boundary beyond the Don bend at Kalach-na-Donu (where it is closest to the Volga, now joined with it by the Volga–Don Canal ), into territory not described in any detail by the ancient geographers. Around 1715, Herman Moll produced a map showing the northern part of the Ob River and
7728-573: The European population at the time. The plague had a devastating effect on Europe's social structure; it induced people to live for the moment as illustrated by Giovanni Boccaccio in The Decameron (1353). It was a serious blow to the Roman Catholic Church and led to increased persecution of Jews , beggars and lepers . The plague is thought to have returned every generation with varying virulence and mortalities until
7896-512: The Greeks and Phoenicians gave rise to early Mediterranean cities. Early Iron Age Italy and Greece from around the 8th century BCE gradually gave rise to historical Classical antiquity, whose beginning is sometimes dated to 776 BCE, the year of the first Olympic Games . Ancient Greece was the founding culture of Western civilisation. Western democratic and rationalist culture are often attributed to Ancient Greece. The Greek city-state,
8064-636: The Inquisition against heretics. In the Iberian Peninsula , the Reconquista concluded with the fall of Granada in 1492 , ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule in the south-western peninsula. In the east, a resurgent Byzantine Empire recaptured Crete and Cyprus from the Muslims, and reconquered the Balkans. Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe from the 9th to
8232-813: The International Design Fair prize in Japan, and became a status symbol there. Using the income from the Japanese licence, James Dyson set up Dyson Appliances Limited in 1991, although it was registered as Barleta Limited. The first dual-cyclone vacuum built under the Dyson name, the DA 001, was produced by American company Phillips Plastics in a facility in Wrexham , Wales, beginning in January 1993 and sold for about £ 200. Vacuum assembly took place in
8400-409: The Iron Curtain , with NATO in the West and the Warsaw Pact in the East . This divide ended with the Revolutions of 1989 , the fall of the Berlin Wall , and the dissolution of the Soviet Union , which allowed European integration to advance significantly. European integration is being advanced institutionally since 1948 with the founding of the Council of Europe , and significantly through
8568-442: The Irtysh River , a major tributary of the Ob, as components of a series of partly-joined waterways taking the boundary between Europe and Asia from the Turkish Straits, and the Don River all the way to the Arctic Ocean. In 1721, he produced a more up to date map that was easier to read. However, his proposal to adhere to major rivers as the line of demarcation was never taken up by other geographers who were beginning to move away from
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#17327908946968736-419: The Mediterranean Sea —namely, Ceuta and Melilla —which are parts of Africa and share a border with Morocco. According to the current convention, Georgia and Azerbaijan are transcontinental countries where waterways have been completely replaced by mountains as the divide between continents. The first recorded usage of Eurṓpē as a geographic term is in the Homeric Hymn to Delian Apollo , in reference to
8904-490: The Megalithic Temples of Malta and Stonehenge , were constructed throughout Western and Southern Europe. The modern native populations of Europe largely descend from three distinct lineages: Mesolithic hunter-gatherers , descended from populations associated with the Paleolithic Epigravettian culture; Neolithic Early European Farmers who migrated from Anatolia during the Neolithic Revolution 9,000 years ago; and Yamnaya Steppe herders who expanded into Europe from
9072-427: The Neandertal valley in Germany ) appeared in Europe 150,000 years ago (115,000 years ago it is found already in the territory of present-day Poland ) and disappeared from the fossil record about 40,000 years ago, with their final refuge being the Iberian Peninsula. The Neanderthals were supplanted by modern humans ( Cro-Magnons ), who seem to have appeared in Europe around 43,000 to 40,000 years ago. However, there
9240-432: The Pechenegs and the Cuman-Kipchaks , caused a massive migration of Slavic populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north, and temporarily halted the expansion of the Rus' state to the south and east. Like many other parts of Eurasia , these territories were overrun by the Mongols . The invaders, who became known as Tatars , were mostly Turkic-speaking peoples under Mongol suzerainty. They established
9408-409: The Pontic–Caspian steppe of Ukraine and southern Russia in the context of Indo-European migrations 5,000 years ago. The European Bronze Age began c. 3200 BCE in Greece with the Minoan civilisation on Crete , the first advanced civilisation in Europe. The Minoans were followed by the Myceneans , who collapsed suddenly around 1200 BCE, ushering the European Iron Age . Iron Age colonisation by
9576-406: The Serbian Principality (later Kingdom and Empire ), and the Duchy of Croatia (later Kingdom of Croatia ). To the east, Kievan Rus' expanded from its capital in Kiev to become the largest state in Europe by the 10th century. In 988, Vladimir the Great adopted Orthodox Christianity as the religion of state. Further east, Volga Bulgaria became an Islamic state in the 10th century, but
9744-407: The airfoil shape of the ring, creating local low pressure, thereby pulling air from behind it as it decelerates in a process known as "induction". Once the air exits the ring it entrains the air in front and alongside. Using this process, a small brushless impeller in the fan's base can power a much larger air outlet without exposing any blades. Dyson stated that the initially-generated air flow
9912-426: The decline of the Roman Empire , Europe entered a long period of change arising from what historians call the " Age of Migrations ". There were numerous invasions and migrations amongst the Ostrogoths , Visigoths , Goths , Vandals , Huns , Franks , Angles , Saxons , Slavs , Avars , Bulgars , Vikings , Pechenegs , Cumans , and Magyars . Renaissance thinkers such as Petrarch would later refer to this as
10080-465: The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE, Christian consolidation of Europe in the wake of the Migration Period marked the European post-classical Middle Ages . The Italian Renaissance spread in the continent a new humanist interest in art and science which led to the modern era . Since the Age of Discovery , led by Spain and Portugal , Europe played a predominant role in global affairs with multiple explorations and conquests around
10248-432: The last glacial period ended about 10,000 years ago. Earth is currently in an interglacial period of the Quaternary, called the Holocene . Homo erectus georgicus , which lived roughly 1.8 million years ago in Georgia , is the earliest hominin to have been discovered in Europe. Other hominin remains, dating back roughly 1 million years, have been discovered in Atapuerca , Spain . Neanderthal man (named after
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#173279089469610416-517: The polis , was the fundamental political unit of classical Greece. In 508 BCE, Cleisthenes instituted the world's first democratic system of government in Athens . The Greek political ideals were rediscovered in the late 18th century by European philosophers and idealists. Greece also generated many cultural contributions: in philosophy , humanism and rationalism under Aristotle , Socrates and Plato ; in history with Herodotus and Thucydides ; in dramatic and narrative verse, starting with
10584-633: The "Corrale". In 2015 Dyson introduced the "CSYS" range of LED lamps. The lamps incorporate heat pipe technology designed to extend the life of the product, by cooling the LED emitters. Dyson (company) Dyson Limited , d.b.a Dyson , is a Singaporean – British multinational technology company. Founded in 1991 by James Dyson in Malmesbury , England, the company designs and manufactures household appliances such as vacuum cleaners , air purifiers , hand dryers , bladeless fans , heaters , hair dryers , and lights. As of 2022, Dyson has more than 14,000 employees worldwide. In 2019, Dyson moved
10752-402: The "Dark Ages". Isolated monastic communities were the only places to safeguard and compile written knowledge accumulated previously; apart from this, very few written records survive. Much literature, philosophy, mathematics, and other thinking from the classical period disappeared from Western Europe, though they were preserved in the east, in the Byzantine Empire. While the Roman empire in
10920-461: The 12th centuries, with a population of approximately 400,000. The Empire was weakened following the defeat at Manzikert , and was weakened considerably by the sack of Constantinople in 1204 , during the Fourth Crusade . Although it would recover Constantinople in 1261, Byzantium fell in 1453 when Constantinople was taken by the Ottoman Empire . In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic Turkic tribes, such as
11088-401: The 12th to the 15th centuries, the Grand Duchy of Moscow grew from a small principality under Mongol rule to the largest state in Europe, overthrowing the Mongols in 1480, and eventually becoming the Tsardom of Russia . The state was consolidated under Ivan III the Great and Ivan the Terrible , steadily expanding to the east and south over the next centuries. The Great Famine of 1315–1317
11256-444: The 18th century. During this period, more than 100 plague epidemics swept across Europe. The Renaissance was a period of cultural change originating in Florence , and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The rise of a new humanism was accompanied by the recovery of forgotten classical Greek and Arabic knowledge from monastic libraries, often translated from Arabic into Latin . The Renaissance spread across Europe between
11424-400: The 50 years of peace that followed are known as Golden Age of Athens , the seminal period of ancient Greece that laid many of the foundations of Western civilisation. Greece was followed by Rome , which left its mark on law , politics , language , engineering , architecture , government , and many more key aspects in western civilisation. By 200 BCE, Rome had conquered Italy and over
11592-414: The Asia-Pacific as well as stating its unhappiness when dealing with the European Union (EU), which it perceives as being overly bureaucratic. Its headquarters are at the St James Power Station , a former coal-fired power plant which it leased. The building underwent restoration works from 2019 to 2021. It officially began moving to its headquarters in end-2021; the now restored St James Power Station
11760-432: The Bosch and Siemens brands explained that many of its machines contain "intelligent sensor technology" to avoid loss of suction, which control the vacuum cleaner motor automatically. After weeks of court proceedings, Dyson lost the court battle against Bosch; the courts in the Netherlands decided that Dyson accusations were baseless. Until 2017, European Union regulations had required vacuum cleaners be tested when empty,
11928-421: The British Isles, France, Christianised western Germany, the Alpine regions and northern and central Italy. The concept is one of the lasting legacies of the Carolingian Renaissance : Europa often figures in the letters of Charlemagne's court scholar, Alcuin . The transition of Europe to being a cultural term as well as a geographic one led to the borders of Europe being affected by cultural considerations in
12096-517: The CMS-1000, a machine which was very similar to the Dyson design. Less than a month later, Dyson sued Amway. Dyson and Amway settled the lawsuit in 1991, becoming joint licensees. In 2000, Dyson sued Hoover for patent infringement of Hoover's Triple Vortex, which was using cyclonic technology and patents similar to Dyson's Dual Cyclone, Dyson won against Hoover and accepted the settlement offer of £4m plus £2m in legal costs. On 5 December 2012,
12264-606: The Contrarotator washing machines, which it has declared obsolete. In April 2016, Dyson introduced the "Supersonic" handheld hair dryer . A Dyson Digital Motor V9 is housed in the handle. In October 2018, the company launched the "Airwrap" styler, which uses the same motor as the Supersonic hair dryer, and is able to style wet hair using the Coandă effect . In March 2020, Dyson announced a cordless hair straightener called
12432-709: The DC02, the DC08 did not have storage for its small tools in the body of the cleaner. As with the DC05, tools were stored on a small caddy attached to the suction hose. The DC08 had a long production run; it was upgraded to the DC08 Telescope wrap after the launch of the DC11, to enable it to be stored more efficiently, and was eventually superseded by the DC19. Early in the production run of the DC08, in 2002, Dyson switched production of all its vacuum cleaners from Malmesbury, UK to
12600-479: The DC07, the DC08 was fitted with an uprated motor giving it more suction power, handled by the new root 12 cyclone system the DC08 was equipped with. This higher power output could drive the main turbo floorhead without the need for an electric motor and the expensive wiring that the DC05 motorhead had. Lower models in the DC08 range did not come with the turbine floorhead, having only the standard floorheads which were better-suited to hard flooring than carpets. Unlike
12768-524: The DC14, DC07 and DC04. The plastic wand pole has been criticised as a lowering of quality from the older metal type, and also causes the main spine of the cleaner to flex more, without the support of the metal wand. The fact that older model's tools were not interchangeable was also criticised, with many buyers trading up from the DC07 or DC14 to the DC33, and finding that their old tools would not fit. The DC33 uses
12936-451: The DC17 upright is the brushroll design. While the brushrolls used on the DC07, DC14 and DC15 were designed with European carpets in mind, the DC17's brush roll was designed for North America with a cylindrical shape, a large diameter, and short stiff bristles. A separate motor drives the brushroll, unlike the DC07 and DC14, which use power from the main motor via clutches. This made the DC17
13104-574: The Don altogether, following the Greater Caucasus watershed to the Caspian. The question was still treated as a "controversy" in geographical literature of the 1860s, with Douglas Freshfield advocating the Caucasus crest boundary as the "best possible", citing support from various "modern geographers". In Russia and the Soviet Union , the boundary along the Kuma–Manych Depression was the most commonly used as early as 1906. In 1958,
13272-487: The Dyson Digital Motor (DDM) is a direct current motor, operating on the switched reluctance principle . These brushless motors rotate at up to 110,000 rpm . The motor used a two-pole brushless rotor with a digital controller. Dyson said its efficiency was 84%, which was less than the 96% efficiency that is achieved in some brushless designs. In order to deal with the high speed and centrifugal forces ,
13440-687: The Dyson Pure Cool air purifier . It uses the same Air Multiplier technology to blow air, as well as a 0.99 micron HEPA filter to trap suspended particles. Along with a coarse filter to trap slow particles, the unit uses low-force velocity to trap fine particles within the filter as well. Around 2020, Dyson discontinued its basic cooling fans in favour of an extended range of combination fan air purifiers, some with optional heating. High-end models feature automatic monitoring of indoor air quality for particulates and volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination, and reporting over Bluetooth or WiFi to
13608-472: The Dyson V6 have names in the "DC14" style. Some have submodels identified by a suffix indicating specific facilities, implemented sometimes by additional tools supplied. Suffixes with the same meaning vary from model to model. Other suffixes may indicate exclusivity to certain stores, e.g. "Comet Exclusive" and "Overdrive" (Comet) or "Blitz it" (Currys). Some are limited editions: These machines feature
13776-531: The Dyson V6. LG dropped the lawsuits after Dyson said it would accept LG Electronics' request. The British company said it would remove two advertisement claims – "The most powerful cordless vacuums" and "Twice the suction power of any cordless vacuums" – from all electronics outlets in Australia by December 2015. In November 2017, Dyson took legal action against LG in South Korea for false advertisement of its Cord Zero A9 cordless vacuum cleaner. Dyson claimed
13944-675: The Early Middle Ages, and soon spread throughout Europe. A struggle for influence between the nobility and the monarchy in England led to the writing of Magna Carta and the establishment of a parliament . The primary source of culture in this period came from the Roman Catholic Church . Through monasteries and cathedral schools , the Church was responsible for education in much of Europe. The Papacy reached
14112-559: The East, especially relating to areas under Byzantine, Ottoman, and Russian influence. Such questions were affected by the positive connotations associated with the term Europe by its users. Such cultural considerations were not applied to the Americas, despite their conquest and settlement by European states. Instead, the concept of "Western civilization" emerged as a way of grouping together Europe and these colonies. The question of defining
14280-707: The Frankish tribes were united under Clovis I . Charlemagne , a Frankish king of the Carolingian dynasty who had conquered most of Western Europe, was anointed " Holy Roman Emperor " by the Pope in 800. This led in 962 to the founding of the Holy Roman Empire , which eventually became centred in the German principalities of central Europe. East Central Europe saw the creation of the first Slavic states and
14448-520: The Great 's efforts to make Russia more European, ignored the whole boundary question with his claim that neither Russia, Scandinavia, northern Germany, nor Poland were fully part of Europe. Since then, many modern analytical geographers like Halford Mackinder have declared that they see little validity in the Ural Mountains as a boundary between continents. The mapmakers continued to differ on
14616-485: The Kleeneze Rotork Cyclon was the first publicly sold vacuum cleaner of Dyson's design. Only about 500 units were sold in 1983. In April 1984, Dyson claimed that he had sent the prototype machines, drawings, and confidential information to American consumer-products maker Amway as part of a proposed licensing deal. The deal fell through, but in January 1985 Amway produced the CMS-1000, a machine which
14784-655: The Levant and North Africa and making inroads into Asia Minor . In the mid-7th century, following the Muslim conquest of Persia , Islam penetrated into the Caucasus region. Over the next centuries Muslim forces took Cyprus , Malta , Crete , Sicily , and parts of southern Italy . Between 711 and 720, most of the lands of the Visigothic Kingdom of Iberia were brought under Muslim rule—save for small areas in
14952-648: The Mediterranean Sea without the inclusion of any mountain ranges. Cartographer Herman Moll suggested in 1715 Europe was bounded by a series of partly-joined waterways directed towards the Turkish straits, and the Irtysh River draining into the upper part of the Ob River and the Arctic Ocean . In contrast, the present eastern boundary of Europe partially adheres to the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, which
15120-760: The Philippines. On 22 February 2022, two days prior to the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, Dyson ceased supplying products to Russia. The company discontinued all online sales, social media presence, and advertising activities within the country. Additionally, the annual James Dyson Award has been suspended in Russia. Dyson has also shut down all directly managed retail spaces and tried to halt activities at third-party retailers. Dyson designs, manufactures and sells household appliances such as vacuum cleaners , air purifiers , hand dryers , bladeless fans , heaters , hair dryers , and lights. In 2014, Dyson invested in
15288-530: The Pure Cryptomic, available in a fan version and a heater + fan version. The device is able to remove formaldehyde from the air; this flammable and colourless gas can irritate the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. Dyson vacuum cleaners and washing machines were made in Malmesbury , Wiltshire until 2002, when the company transferred vacuum cleaner production to Malaysia. There was some controversy over
15456-801: The Soviet Geographical Society formally recommended that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from Baydaratskaya Bay , on the Kara Sea , along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains, then following the Ural River until the Mugodzhar Hills , and then the Emba River ; and Kuma–Manych Depression, thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe. The Flora Europaea adopted
15624-509: The Tanais (the modern Don River) as the boundary. The Roman Empire did not attach a strong identity to the concept of continental divisions. However, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire , the culture that developed in its place , linked to Latin and the Catholic church, began to associate itself with the concept of "Europe". The term "Europe" is first used for a cultural sphere in
15792-416: The UK and America. Manufacturing companies such as Hoover did not want to license the design, probably because the vacuum bag market was worth $ 500M and thus Dyson was a threat to their profits. The only company that expressed interest in the new cyclonic vacuum technology was Dyson's former employer, Rotork . Built by Italian appliance maker Zanussi and sold by Kleeneze through a mail order catalogue ,
15960-524: The V10 with different motors, filter assemblies and bin sizes. The V10 with larger bin produces 15.8 airwatts on low speed, the medium speed gives 33 airwatts, and the maximum speed gives 151 airwatts of suction. Run times are extended up to 60 minutes for ECO (low power) mode, and 5 minutes in MAX (high power) mode. A smaller version of the V10 with a V8-sized bin implements a different motor with lower power, as well as
16128-496: The adoption of Christianity ( c. 1000 CE) . The powerful West Slavic state of Great Moravia spread its territory all the way south to the Balkans, reaching its largest territorial extent under Svatopluk I and causing a series of armed conflicts with East Francia . Further south, the first South Slavic states emerged in the late 7th and 8th century and adopted Christianity : the First Bulgarian Empire ,
16296-509: The ads exaggerated the vacuum's performance with statements such as "rotation speed of the motor ... 16 times faster than that of a jet engine" and could be construed as misinforming users. The court dismissed the suit in April 2018, stating the LG's ad was based on test results generated through objective means at reliable institutions and that no evidence was found that proved LG had intentionally made false or exaggerated claims. In 2006, Dyson sued
16464-509: The appliance when not in use. A more-limited set of control switches is provided on the body of the appliance. The design for a "bladeless" fan had been patented by Toshiba in 1981, but was not marketed before the patent expired. An initial patent claim by Dyson was rejected by the Intellectual Property Office, ruling that it "cannot be considered novel or cannot be considered to involve an inventive step" compared to
16632-648: The basis of many modern legal systems, funded the construction of the Hagia Sophia and brought the Christian church under state control. From the 7th century onwards, as the Byzantines and neighbouring Sasanid Persians were severely weakened due to the protracted, centuries-lasting and frequent Byzantine–Sasanian wars , the Muslim Arabs began to make inroads into historically Roman territory, taking
16800-563: The boundary between the lower Don and Samara well into the 19th century. The 1745 atlas published by the Russian Academy of Sciences has the boundary follow the Don beyond Kalach as far as Serafimovich before cutting north towards Arkhangelsk , while other 18th- to 19th-century mapmakers such as John Cary followed Strahlenberg's prescription. To the south, the Kuma–Manych Depression was identified c. 1773 by
16968-438: The company name was shortened from Dyson Appliances Ltd. to Dyson Ltd. In April of that year the DC07, a new upright vacuum cleaner using "Root Cyclone" technology with seven cyclone funnels instead of the original dual-cyclone design, was launched. By 2009 Dyson began creating other technologies: the Airblade hand dryer, the Air Multiplier "bladeless" fan and Dyson Hot, the "bladeless" fan heater. In October 2019, Dyson released
17136-709: The company, subject to their design passing stringent medical tests. Engineers produced a device named CoVent, but on 24 April the company said the ventilator was "no longer required". The James Dyson Award is an international student design award running in 18 countries. It is run by the James Dyson Foundation, James Dyson's charitable trust, and is presented jointly to students and their university. Over 727 schools in Great Britain and Northern Ireland have used Dyson's educational "Ideas Boxes", sent to teachers and pupils, in order to learn more about
17304-590: The continent The prevalent definition of Europe as a geographical term has been in use since the mid-19th century. Europe is taken to be bounded by large bodies of water to the north, west and south; Europe's limits to the east and north-east are usually taken to be the Ural Mountains , the Ural River , and the Caspian Sea ; to the south-east, the Caucasus Mountains , the Black Sea , and
17472-517: The continent. Chinese, for example, uses the word Ōuzhōu ( 歐洲 / 欧洲 ), which is an abbreviation of the transliterated name Ōuluóbā zhōu ( 歐羅巴洲 ) ( zhōu means "continent"); a similar Chinese-derived term Ōshū ( 欧州 ) is also sometimes used in Japanese such as in the Japanese name of the European Union, Ōshū Rengō ( 欧州連合 ) , despite the katakana Yōroppa ( ヨーロッパ ) being more commonly used. In some Turkic languages,
17640-640: The continents as the lands given by Noah to his three sons; Europe was defined as stretching from the Pillars of Hercules at the Strait of Gibraltar , separating it from Northwest Africa , to the Don, separating it from Asia. The convention received by the Middle Ages and surviving into modern usage is that of the Roman era used by Roman-era authors such as Posidonius , Strabo , and Ptolemy , who took
17808-451: The cyclones backwards, clogging them and causing the cleaner to lose suction; almost all of the original DC17s had this problem. The redesigned cyclone pack, fitted to later DC17s, resolved this issue. Older DC17s were not recalled, but Dyson gave out and sold many of the redesigned cyclone packs. The ball design has been simplified for the DC18: rather than riding on a large ball that encloses
17976-462: The design of its Mach Zen vacuum cleaner is an infringement of the registered design of its first "bagless" Dyson cylinder vacuum DC02, which dates back to 1994. Dyson also claimed the Chinese-owned rival had "flagrantly copied" Dyson's iconic design. However, the court backed an earlier decision which rejected Dyson's claims, as the two designs did not produce "the same overall impression" on
18144-443: The design process. The James Dyson Foundation also provides bursaries and scholarships to aspiring engineers. In November 2016, James Dyson announced plans to open a higher education college to address the engineering skills gap in the UK. In September 2017 it welcomed its first cohort of undergraduates, partnering with the University of Warwick to offer BEng degrees in engineering, whilst also employing them as engineers three days
18312-640: The development of major commercial routes along the coast of the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas . The growing wealth and independence acquired by some coastal cities gave the Maritime Republics a leading role in the European scene. The Middle Ages on the mainland were dominated by the two upper echelons of the social structure: the nobility and the clergy. Feudalism developed in France in
18480-570: The earlier patent. The Air Multiplier fan received the Japanese Good Design Award in 2010. In September 2011, Dyson announced the Dyson Hot fan heater (AM04), using Air Multiplier technology. Like most fan heaters, it has a thermostat to control the temperature, and can also be used as a cooling fan (without heat). All AM04 models made prior to 1 April 2014 are subject to a no-charge product recall for repairs because of
18648-658: The end of the 18th century, gave rise to radical economic, cultural, and social change in Western Europe and eventually the wider world. Both world wars began and were fought to a great extent in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet Union and the United States took prominence and competed over dominance in Europe and globally. The resulting Cold War divided Europe along
18816-590: The epic poems of Homer ; in drama with Sophocles and Euripides ; in medicine with Hippocrates and Galen ; and in science with Pythagoras , Euclid , and Archimedes . In the course of the 5th century BCE, several of the Greek city states would ultimately check the Achaemenid Persian advance in Europe through the Greco-Persian Wars , considered a pivotal moment in world history, as
18984-584: The following two centuries it conquered Greece , Hispania ( Spain and Portugal ), the North African coast, much of the Middle East , Gaul ( France and Belgium ), and Britannia ( England and Wales ). Expanding from their base in central Italy beginning in the third century BCE, the Romans gradually expanded to eventually rule the entire Mediterranean basin and Western Europe by the turn of
19152-413: The function of the cyclone was to extract dust without clogging. Wondering if this could be applied at a smaller scale to a home vacuum, he constructed a cardboard model with sticky tape, connected it to his Hoover with its bag removed, and found it worked satisfactorily. The directors of the ballbarrow company thought if a better vacuum was possible, Hoover or Electrolux would have invented it. Dyson
19320-463: The headquarters from the United Kingdom to Singapore to be closer to its manufacturing and supply-chain hubs and Asian customer base. In the 1970s, James Dyson bought a Hoover Junior vacuum cleaner, which lost suction after a period of use. Frustrated, Dyson emptied the disposable paper bag to try to restore the suction but this had no effect. On opening the bag to investigate, he noticed
19488-598: The height of its power during the High Middle Ages. An East-West Schism in 1054 split the former Roman Empire religiously, with the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Catholic Church in the former Western Roman Empire. In 1095 Pope Urban II called for a crusade against Muslims occupying Jerusalem and the Holy Land . In Europe itself, the Church organised
19656-509: The idea of water boundaries as the only legitimate divides between Europe and Asia. Four years later, in 1725, Philip Johan von Strahlenberg was the first to depart from the classical Don boundary. He drew a new line along the Volga , following the Volga north until the Samara Bend , along Obshchy Syrt (the drainage divide between the Volga and Ural Rivers ), then north and east along
19824-404: The impeller is made of carbon fibre reinforced polymer ; the shaft is steel. The first mass-produced version was named "X020" and used in the Airblade hand dryer; the later DDM "V2" was used for Dyson handheld vacuum cleaners. Dyson has continued to develop its proprietary motor designs for various products, improving efficiency for increased battery life, and reducing acoustic noise, resulting in
19992-548: The informed user. The courts held that the two cleaners were "different designs", the Dyson cleaner being "smooth, curving and elegant", the Vax cleaner being "rugged, angular and industrial". In March 2011, James Dyson reportedly said in an interview for The Sunday Times that British universities were allowing Chinese nationals to study engineering and spy on the departments where they were working, enabling them to take technology back to China after completing their studies. In
20160-478: The interview he was quoted as saying that "Britain is very proud about the number of foreign students we educate at our universities, but actually all we are doing is educating our competitors. [...] I've seen frightening examples. Bugs are even left in computers so that the information continues to be transmitted after the researchers have returned home." David Willetts , the government minister responsible for British universities, said he would thoroughly investigate
20328-596: The latter waterway to its source in the Ural Mountains . At this point he proposed that mountain ranges could be included as boundaries between continents as alternatives to nearby waterways. Accordingly, he drew the new boundary north along Ural Mountains rather than the nearby and parallel running Ob and Irtysh rivers. This was endorsed by the Russian Empire and introduced the convention that would eventually become commonly accepted. However, this did not come without criticism. Voltaire , writing in 1760 about Peter
20496-482: The lawsuit, Dyson voluntarily dropped the litigation as Samsung presented prior art, which it maintained belonged to Samsung. Samsung filed a counter suit for £6 million for compensation for hurting Samsung's corporate image. In 2014, Dyson sued SharkNinja for patent infringement of the cyclone vacuum technology, but after four years U.S. courts ruled the patents had not been infringed. Also in 2014, Dyson and SharkNinja sued each other over advertising claims regarding
20664-776: The loss of 65 jobs. In 2004, the Meiban-Dyson Laundry Manufacturing Plant was opened in Johor , Malaysia. The RM10 million (approx. US$ 2.63 million) plant is a joint venture between Dyson and the Singapore-based Meiban Group Ltd., which has manufacturing facilities in China, Malaysia and Singapore. Dyson stated that the cost savings from transferring production to Malaysia enabled investment in research and development at their Malmesbury head office. In 2007, Dyson formed
20832-436: The main power switch. The main suction motor is housed inside the "ball". Due to its high launch price, its weight (8.6 kilograms (19 lb)), and the fact that it may have initially been seen as a gimmick, not that many DC15s were sold, with the cheaper DC14 remaining much more popular. The lightweight DC18 was launched late the following year, addressing the DC15's biggest criticism, its heavy weight. The second change with
21000-441: The manifold on the cyclone assembly is pink instead of the standard yellow, and an Animal version with a motorised brushbar for picking up pet hair and gold cyclone manifold. Newest to the range is the DC16 Car and Boat which is designed for car and boat cleaning, supplied with a car 12 V charger and has a blue cyclone manifold. The DC16 was replaced by the DC30 and DC31 which incorporated the Dyson Digital Motor, in replacement of
21168-464: The millennium. The Roman Republic ended in 27 BCE, when Augustus proclaimed the Roman Empire . The two centuries that followed are known as the pax romana , a period of unprecedented peace, prosperity and political stability in most of Europe. The empire continued to expand under emperors such as Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius , who spent time on the Empire's northern border fighting Germanic , Pictish and Scottish tribes. Christianity
21336-411: The most effective of Dyson cleaners on carpeting. The third change is a new colour scheme for the DC17, and also the Dyson DC16 Root 6 Handheld; the bright colours and silver tones are toned down in favour of shiny metallic accents and titanium as the main colour for the entire machine. The level 3 root cyclone system on the DC17 was quietly redesigned due to a gasket defect that allowed dirt to enter
21504-401: The normal use of the vacuum cleaners. The Chinese manufacturer that produced certain parts for Qualtex was found to have copied the visual design of some of Dyson's spare parts. Following the victory, £100,000 was donated to the Royal College of Art to help young designers protect their designs. In August 2013, Dyson sued Samsung Electronics over claims Dyson's company's steering technology
21672-441: The northwest ( Asturias ) and largely Basque regions in the Pyrenees . This territory, under the Arabic name Al-Andalus , became part of the expanding Umayyad Caliphate . The unsuccessful second siege of Constantinople (717) weakened the Umayyad dynasty and reduced their prestige. The Umayyads were then defeated by the Frankish leader Charles Martel at the Battle of Poitiers in 732, which ended their northward advance. In
21840-431: The originally Persian name Frangistan ("land of the Franks ") is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as Avrupa or Evropa . Clickable map of Europe, showing one of the most commonly used continental boundaries Key: blue : states which straddle the border between Europe and Asia ; green : countries not geographically in Europe, but closely associated with
22008-470: The other hand, had a height of 120 mm and could not reach some low-clearance areas. The lower profile of the Dyson 360 Vis Nav also makes it more aesthetically pleasing and less bulky. The DC07 had a new 1400 W motor that provided 280 Airwatts, making it about the most powerful model that Dyson made, and also the noisiest in use, with much of the operating noise coming from the upwards mounted cyclone assembly. It weighed 9 kg (20 lb). The DC07 had
22176-402: The parts manufacturer Qualtex for copyright and unregistered design right infringement, for creating and selling deliberate imitations of Dyson's original vacuum cleaner parts. Dyson was seeking to prevent the sale of spare parts made by Qualtex to fit and match Dyson vacuum cleaners. The Qualtex parts in question were intended to resemble closely the Dyson spares, not least as they were visible in
22344-453: The performance of their products; in 2016, just before a trial was to begin, both sides withdrew their suits and paid their own legal costs. In 2023, Dyson sued SharkNinja over patent infringement related to a hair styler . In the lawsuit, Dyson is seeking an injunction to block sales of "all air stylers and their attachments within the Shark FlexStyle range". In 2010, Dyson launched legal action against rival manufacturer Vax , claiming
22512-444: The poetry devoted to it. An alternative view is that of Robert Beekes , who has argued in favour of a pre-Indo-European origin for the name, explaining that a derivation from eurus would yield a different toponym than Europa. Beekes has located toponyms related to that of Europa in the territory of ancient Greece, and localities such as that of Europos in ancient Macedonia . There have been attempts to connect Eurṓpē to
22680-427: The primary motor, the DC18 rides on a thin, cigar-shaped roller that provides more space for separate motor enclosure and airway paths. The DC33 has a plastic telescopic pole with smaller diameter than the metal telescopic pole of the DC14, so attachments from older Dyson's such as the DC14 do not fit the DC33. This model more closely resembles the old DC14 than the DC27 did, using exactly the same style of floorhead as
22848-417: The realisation of the European Union (EU), which represents today the majority of Europe. The European Union is a supranational political entity that lies between a confederation and a federation and is based on a system of European treaties . The EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. A majority of its members have adopted
23016-400: The reason for this move, as well as over plans to expand Dyson's factory to increase production. Trade unionists in Wiltshire claimed that the move would negatively impact the local economy through the loss of jobs. The following year, washing machine production was also transferred to Malaysia. This move was driven by lower production costs in Malaysia (30% less than in the UK); it resulted in
23184-416: The remaining stake in Sakti3 for $ 90m in October 2015. Dyson researchers had been working on battery technology since 2010. In 2017, Dyson abandoned its licensing of patents held by the University of Michigan, casting doubt on Sakti3's technology. In September 2017, company founder James Dyson announced via email to employees that the company had 400 people working on a battery electric vehicle, secretly in
23352-456: The remote regions of north-western Iberia and the middle Pyrenees the power of the Muslims in the south was scarcely felt. It was here that the foundations of the Christian kingdoms of Asturias , Leon , and Galicia were laid and from where the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula would start. However, no coordinated attempt would be made to drive the Moors out. The Christian kingdoms were mainly focused on their own internal power struggles. As
23520-446: The science and engineering behind air movement. In addition, Dyson invested hundreds of thousands of pounds in a Dyson research branch at Newcastle University in May 2012, to investigate the next generation of Dyson digital motors and motor drives. In March 2015, Dyson invested in its first outside business, paying $ 15m for an undisclosed stake in US battery start-up Sakti3 , which is developing solid-state batteries . Dyson acquired
23688-425: The second-smallest continent (using the seven-continent model ). Politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states , of which Russia is the largest and most populous , spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a total population of about 745 million (about 10% of the world population ) in 2021; the third-largest after Asia and Africa. The European climate
23856-505: The south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa . Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian Sea , the Greater Caucasus , the Black Sea , and the waterway of the Bosporus Strait . Europe covers about 10.18 million km (3.93 million sq mi), or 2% of Earth's surface (6.8% of land area), making it
24024-422: The state of the Golden Horde with headquarters in Crimea, which later adopted Islam as a religion, and ruled over modern-day southern and central Russia for more than three centuries. After the collapse of Mongol dominions, the first Romanian states (principalities) emerged in the 14th century: Moldavia and Walachia . Previously, these territories were under the successive control of Pechenegs and Cumans. From
24192-497: The statement provided by James Dyson. He has also criticised the Chinese authorities for failing to act on patent infringements. In December 2011, The Independent reported that Bell Pottinger executive Tim Collins had been filmed by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism saying that David Cameron had raised a copyright issue with Chinese premier Wen Jiabao on behalf of Dyson Limited "because we asked him to". In 2012, Yong Pang, an engineer specialist in electric motors,
24360-422: The traditional motors found in the DC16. Image of a Dyson V6, a relabelled DC59. The first Dyson Airblade, launched in 2006, is a hand dryer for commercial customers, typically made available in public hand washing facilities. The Airblade uses Dyson's Digital Motor to produce a stream of air that flows at up to 430 mph (700 km/h) and is claimed to dry the hands in 10 to 12 seconds. The Airblade uses
24528-410: The unused half of the plastic factory. Due to quality control concerns and Phillips's desire to renegotiate the terms of their contract to build the vacuum cleaner, Dyson severed the agreement in May 1993. Within two months he set up a new supply chain and opened a new production facility in Chippenham , Wiltshire, England; the first vacuum built at the new facility was completed 1 July 1993. The DA 001
24696-407: The waterways connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea . Islands are generally grouped with the nearest continental landmass, hence Iceland is considered to be part of Europe, while the nearby island of Greenland is usually assigned to North America , although politically belonging to Denmark. Nevertheless, there are some exceptions based on sociopolitical and cultural differences. Cyprus
24864-445: The west and the north, transmitting newly acquired skills in producing copper artifacts. In Western Europe the Neolithic period was characterised not by large agricultural settlements but by field monuments, such as causewayed enclosures , burial mounds and megalithic tombs . The Corded Ware cultural horizon flourished at the transition from the Neolithic to the Chalcolithic . During this period giant megalithic monuments, such as
25032-416: The west continued to decline, Roman traditions and the Roman state remained strong in the predominantly Greek-speaking Eastern Roman Empire , also known as the Byzantine Empire . During most of its existence, the Byzantine Empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Emperor Justinian I presided over Constantinople's first golden age: he established a legal code that forms
25200-399: The western shore of the Aegean Sea . As a name for a part of the known world, it is first used in the 6th century BCE by Anaximander and Hecataeus . Anaximander placed the boundary between Asia and Europe along the Phasis River (the modern Rioni River on the territory of Georgia ) in the Caucasus, a convention still followed by Herodotus in the 5th century BCE. Herodotus mentioned that
25368-419: The widespread use of pottery—began around 7000 BCE in Greece and the Balkans , probably influenced by earlier farming practices in Anatolia and the Near East . It spread from the Balkans along the valleys of the Danube and the Rhine ( Linear Pottery culture ), and along the Mediterranean coast ( Cardial culture ). Between 4500 and 3000 BCE, these central European neolithic cultures developed further to
25536-403: The works for two years, which it hoped to release by 2021. Further information about the company's plans emerged in February 2018, with news of three electric vehicles under development as part of an estimated $ 3B project. In October 2019, Dyson said its engineers had developed a "fantastic electric car" but that it would not be taken further because it was not "commercially viable" and there
25704-411: The world had been divided by unknown persons into three parts—Europe, Asia, and Libya (Africa)—with the Nile and the Phasis forming their boundaries—though he also states that some considered the River Don , rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia. Europe's eastern frontier was defined in the 1st century by geographer Strabo at the River Don. The Book of Jubilees described
25872-410: The world. The place name Evros was first used by the ancient Greeks to refer to their northernmost province, which bears the same name today. The principal river there – Evros (today's Maritsa ) – flows through the fertile valleys of Thrace , which itself was also called Europe, before the term meant the continent. In classical Greek mythology , Europa ( Ancient Greek : Εὐρώπη , Eurṓpē )
26040-452: The world. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers colonised at various times the Americas , almost all of Africa and Oceania , and the majority of Asia. The Age of Enlightenment , the French Revolution , and the Napoleonic Wars shaped the continent culturally, politically, and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution , which began in Great Britain at
26208-422: Was legalised by Constantine I in 313 CE after three centuries of imperial persecution . Constantine also permanently moved the capital of the empire from Rome to the city of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul ) which was renamed Constantinople in his honour in 330 CE. Christianity became the sole official religion of the empire in 380 CE, and in 391–392 CE the emperor Theodosius outlawed pagan religions. This
26376-399: Was a Phoenician princess. One view is that her name derives from the Ancient Greek elements εὐρύς ( eurús ) 'wide, broad', and ὤψ ( ōps , gen. ὠπός , ōpós ) 'eye, face, countenance', hence their composite Eurṓpē would mean 'wide-gazing' or 'broad of aspect'. Broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion and
26544-487: Was accused of stealing Dyson's digital motor technology which was a part of future product development projects. The motors, in development over 15 years, incorporated microchip "digital impulse technology" to spin at 104,000 rpm in order to draw high volumes of air through the appliance, and were not licensed to any other companies. Yong Pang and his wife Yali Li allegedly set up a front company "ACE Electrical Machine Design" to receive payments of £11,650 from Bosch while Pang
26712-403: Was announced in October 2009 as an electric fan , intended to provide smoother airflow and, having no exposed rotating blades, operating in a safer manner than conventional fans. While it is described as a "bladeless" fan, it has blades inside its base. The fan works by drawing air in through an inlet in the base pillar and forcing it through an outlet in the upper ring. The jet of air travels over
26880-428: Was eventually absorbed into Russia several centuries later. The period between the year 1000 and 1250 is known as the High Middle Ages , followed by the Late Middle Ages until c. 1500. During the High Middle Ages the population of Europe experienced significant growth, culminating in the Renaissance of the 12th century . Economic growth, together with the lack of safety on the mainland trading routes, made possible
27048-441: Was infringed. The product that was targeted, Samsung's "Motion Sync", allegedly infringed the design of a steering mechanism for cylinder cleaners, patented by Dyson in 2009. It describes a way to allow a vacuum cleaner to spin quickly from one direction to another on the spot, and to follow the user's path rather than just being dragged behind, in order to prevent the vacuum getting snagged on corners. But three months after it filed
27216-445: Was lack of potential buyers. The project employed over 500, most of them in the UK. A prototype of the EV, known as the N526, was unveiled in 2020 and was placed on display within Dyson headquarters. In March 2020, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, Dyson announced that they would be supporting UK hospitals by manufacturing ventilators . On 25 March, it was announced that the British government had ordered 10,000 ventilators from
27384-402: Was soon replaced by an almost identical cleaner, the DC01. Dyson licensed the technology in North America from 1986 to 2001 to Fantom Technologies , after which Dyson entered the market directly. Even though market research showed that people would not be happy with a transparent container for the dust, Dyson and his team decided to make a transparent container anyway and this turned out to be
27552-480: Was subsequently officially completed on 4 March 2022. In 2022, Dyson announced that it would be investing a further S$ 1.5 billion in Singapore. In March 2022, Dyson announced plans to invest $ 1.5 billion (approximately $ 1.1 billion) in Singapore over the next four years. This investment is part of a broader $ 4.9 billion global strategy unveiled in 2020, which allocates funds among Dyson’s global headquarters in Singapore, its two campuses in Wiltshire and operations in
27720-495: Was the first crisis that would strike Europe in the late Middle Ages. The period between 1348 and 1420 witnessed the heaviest loss. The population of France was reduced by half. Medieval Britain was afflicted by 95 famines, and France suffered the effects of 75 or more in the same period. Europe was devastated in the mid-14th century by the Black Death , one of the most deadly pandemics in human history which killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe alone—a third of
27888-399: Was undeterred, and was kicked out of his company. Jeremy Fry provided 49% of the investment for cyclonic vacuum development, and the rest came from a loan. In the shed behind his house, Dyson developed 5,127 prototype designs between 1979 and 1984. The first prototype vacuum cleaner, a red and blue machine, brought Dyson little success, as he struggled to find a licensee for his machine in
28056-461: Was very similar to the Dyson design. Less than a month later, Dyson sued Amway for patent infringement. In 1985 a Japanese company, Apex Ltd., expressed interest in licensing Dyson's design and in March 1986 a reworked version of the Cyclon, called G-Force, was put into production and sold in Japan for the equivalent of US$ 2,000. The G-Force had an attachment that could turn it into a table to save space in small Japanese apartments. In 1991, it won
28224-472: Was working for Dyson. Dyson claimed that trade secrets were passed to Bosch's Chinese motor manufacturer. In 2015, Dyson charged that Siemens and Bosch vacuums were using a sensor that sent signals to its motor to increase its power while the machine sucked up dust remnants, making them appear more competent during European Union (EU) efficiency tests . Because tests are conducted in dust-free labs, Dyson claimed that this gave an unfair reading, because in
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