43°45′00″S 172°49′59″E / 43.750°S 172.833°E / -43.750; 172.833
75-528: Akaroa is a small town on Banks Peninsula in the Canterbury Region of the South Island of New Zealand, situated within a harbour of the same name . The name Akaroa is Kāi Tahu Māori for "Long Harbour", which would be spelled Whangaroa in standard Māori. The area was also named Port Louis-Philippe by French settlers after the reigning French king Louis Philippe I . The town
150-419: A French whaler, decided that Akaroa would make a good settlement to service whaling ships and made a provisional purchase of land in "the greater Banks Peninsula" from 12 Kāi Tahu chiefs. A deposit of commodities in the value of £6 was paid and a further £234 worth of commodities was to be paid at a later period. He returned to France , advertised for settlers to go to New Zealand, and ceded his interest in
225-623: A continental crust. The peninsula formed as offshore islands, with the volcanoes reaching to about 1,500 m above sea level. Two dominant craters formed Lyttelton and Akaroa Harbours. The Canterbury Plains formed from the erosion of the Southern Alps (an extensive and high mountain range caused by the meeting of the Indo-Australian and Pacific tectonic plates ) and from the alluvial fans created by large braided rivers . These plains reach their widest point where they meet
300-473: A notable feature on the peninsula. The road included portions of the early tracks that were built to move cattle around (e.g. the 15 mile track from Akaroa to Pigeon Bay completed in 1844). Much of the construction was completed in the 1880s with more work carried out in the 1930s, the road is in two sections (both of which have views of the area, as well as parks, walkways, and other recreational features): Estimates suggest that native forest once covered 98% of
375-630: A number of holiday homes in Pigeon bay as well as a yacht club and a camping ground. Pigeon Bay most likely gained its name from early whalers seeing the large number of pigeons ( kererū ) in the forests of Pigeon Bay. The first reference to Pigeon Bay was in 1836. Captain Langlois celebrated his "purchase" of Banks Peninsula on 9 August 1840 by raising the French flag and conducting a 101 gun salute at Pigeon Bay. HMS Britomart visited Pigeon Bay towards
450-534: A phantom sighting of land to the southeast, Cook then ordered Endeavour away to the south without exploring more closely. In 1809, Captain Samuel Chase, in the sealer Pegasus , corrected Cook's charts by determining that "Banks Island" was in fact a peninsula. His first officer, William Stewart, charted this area of the coast. Pegasus Bay is named after their vessel. In 1830, the Māori settlement at Takapūneke
525-750: A population density of 384 people per km. Akaroa had a population of 756 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 111 people (17.2%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 165 people (27.9%) since the 2006 census . There were 288 households, comprising 375 males and 378 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female. The median age was 55.3 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 63 people (8.3%) aged under 15 years, 108 (14.3%) aged 15 to 29, 339 (44.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 240 (31.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 82.5% European/ Pākehā , 6.0% Māori , 0.8% Pasifika , 11.9% Asian , and 2.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
600-500: A roll of 125 as of August 2024. The Akaroa museum, first opened in 1964, concentrates on the history of Akaroa and the Banks Peninsula. It is located at 71 Rue Lavaud and includes within the museum complex: the 1850s customs house, the 1878 court house and the 1840s Langlois-Eteveneaux cottage. In 2023, the museum put on an exhibition called Catching Shadows which displayed a photographic history of Banks Peninsula starting in
675-460: A sizeable infrastructure that included Catholic missionaries, churches, and priests taking classes. In addition, there was a French mayor, French doctors in a French hospital and a French store. There were also French by-laws and a French court of justice. Bishop Pompallier established his first European station in Akaroa in 1840 as the French immigrants were all nominally Catholic. However, he closed
750-548: A whaler, Captain Jean François Langlois , wrote up a questionable deed of purchase for "the greater Banks Peninsula" to which twelve Kāi Tahu chiefs each added their moko or cross. The price was 1,000 francs (£40), with a deposit of 150 francs (£6) paid in goods and the remainder to be paid upon Langlois' return from France with settlers. When the settlers later did arrive, the British authorities – who had in
825-576: A whaling base. Akaroa is now one of the few whaling bases in New Zealand that still exists as a town. In the 1830s, France developed extensive plans for colonial expansion, including into the Pacific where at that time it had no colonies. This included the South Island of New Zealand. The tiny settlement established at Akaroa can be viewed in the context of that failed, wider project. In 1838,
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#1732772703882900-504: Is 84 kilometres (52 mi) by road from Christchurch and is the terminus of State Highway 75 . It is set on a sheltered harbour and is overlooked and surrounded by the remnants of an eruptive centre of the miocene Banks Peninsula Volcano . In 1830, the Māori settlement at Takapūneke , east of the current town of Akaroa, was the scene of a notorious incident. It followed an earlier incident in 1832 in which Te Rauparaha , fresh from his successful three-month siege of Kaiapoi Pā , took
975-753: Is a city and commune in Southwestern France , a port on the Charente estuary . It is a subprefecture of the Charente-Maritime department , located in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2015: Poitou-Charentes ). Rochefort lies on the river Charente , close to its outflow into the Atlantic Ocean . It is about 30 km southeast of La Rochelle . Rochefort station has rail connections to La Rochelle, Nantes and Bordeaux. In December 1665, Rochefort
1050-584: Is a historic undenomnational church located in The Kaik , near Akaroa. This church had its foundation stone laid in November 1876 and was completed in 1878. It is located at the Onuku marae. It was built out of timber with a pitched shingle roof. It has a bell turret and room for 60 parishioners. After falling into disrepair around 1939, work was completed to restore the church and add traditional carved panels to
1125-489: Is a settlement of mostly holiday houses on the Akaroa harbour. Wainui can mean 'big water' or 'big river' or 'big bay'. Wainui was once home to a large Ngāti Māmoe settlement. Wainui has important associations for Ngāi Tahu as the bay was then claimed by Te Ruahikihiki for Ngāi Tahu. He made his claim when he landed at Wainui and dug for fern roots there. (This was one of the many traditional ways to claim land). In Ngāi Tahu legend, Tuhiraki (Mt Bossu) which lies behind Wainui,
1200-557: Is a small town which sits at the head of the Akaroa harbour. Diamond Harbour is on Banks Peninsula. The inland valleys of the Port Hills known as McCormacks Bay and Moncks Bay are bays of the Avon Heathcote Estuary , rather that coastal bays of Banks Peninsula. Working around the coast from north to south one encounters: Sumner Bay marks the coastal transition from the long sandy beach of Pegasus Bay and
1275-598: Is the resting place of the kō (digging stick) of Rakaihautū. He used this digging stick to dig out many of the South Island lakes. In 1856, the Wainui Māori Reserve was established and set aside 432 acres for the Ngāi Tarewa Hapū of Ngāi Tahu. In the 1857 census, there was 40 people living there but by 1861, this had declined to 20 people. A post office was established in 1874, telephone office in 1875, school in 1885 and Presbyterian Church in 1911. Duvauchelle
1350-410: Is treated at the L'Aube Hill water treatment plant. Banks Peninsula Banks Peninsula is a peninsula of volcanic origin on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It has an area of approximately 1,200 square kilometres (450 sq mi) and encompasses two large harbours and many smaller bays and coves. The South Island's largest city, Christchurch , is immediately north of
1425-612: The Canterbury pilgrims in December 1850. From the 1850s, Lyttelton and then Christchurch outgrew Akaroa, which is now a holiday resort and cruise ship destination and has retained many French influences as well as many of its nineteenth-century buildings. Historic harbour defence works dating from 1874 onwards survive at Ripapa Island in Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō , and at Awaroa / Godley Head . In 2011,
1500-751: The Jacobin period of the French Revolution (1790–95), over 800 Roman Catholic priests and other clergy who refused to take the anti- Papal oath of the "Civil Constitution of the Clergy" were put aboard a fleet of prison ships in Rochefort harbour, where most died due to inhumane conditions. Off Rochefort, from the island of Île-d'Aix where he had spent several days hoping to flee to America , Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to Captain F. L. Maitland aboard HMS Bellerophon , on 17 July 1815, ending
1575-653: The New Zealand Company , which had still not decided on a place in the area to establish its own settlement. To the indignation of Langlois, the Nanto-Bordelaise Company had sold all its remaining land on the peninsula for £4,500. So by 1849, the French settlers were on their own in a British colony. Before 1840, the area of the current Akaroa town was also known as Wangaloa. The French at first called their settlement Port Louis-Philippe in honour of Louis Philippe I , who reigned as King of
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#17327727038821650-505: The Waitaha led by their founding ancestor Rākaihautū . The Māori name for the peninsula is Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū (The Storehouse of Rākaihautū) in recognition of his deeds and the abundance of mahinga kai (foods of the forests, sea, rivers and skies). They were followed by Kāti Māmoe , and then the Ngāi Tahu hapū Ngāi Tūhaitara, who arrived in the 1730s. The first European sighting of
1725-631: The Waitaki River , and extends 20 nautical miles out to sea, covering an area of about 14,310 km . The relatively small Pōhatu Marine Reserve centres on Pōhatu / Flea Bay on the south-east side of the peninsula and the larger Akaroa Marine Reserve lies at the entrance to the Akaroa Harbour . The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust aims to improve public walking and biking access and enhance biodiversity on Banks Peninsula. They (in 2020) are raising money to purchase 500ha of land including
1800-401: The brig-sloop , HMS Britomart , to call first at Port Nicholson where the New Zealand Company settlers had recently arrived and established their own fledgling government, and thence to Akaroa. Once there, Britomart and fluttering Union Jacks would provide a less than subtle welcome for the soon to arrive French settlers and squash any sovereignty pretentions Lavaud might have had. Back in
1875-422: The pā on the Ōnawe Peninsula at the head of Akaroa Harbour. There were an estimated 400 Kāi Tahu in the pā and most were killed, with only the strongest taken as slaves. The captain of the British brig Elizabeth , John Stewart, helped North Island Ngāti Toa chief, Te Rauparaha , to capture the local Kāi Tahu chief, Tama-i-hara-nui , his wife Te Whe and his young daughter, Roimata. The settlement of Takapūneke
1950-433: The " Hundred Days ". Rochefort is a notable example of 17th-century "ville nouvelle" or new town , which means its design and building resulted from a political decree. The reason for building Rochefort was to a large extent that royal power could hardly depend on rebellious Protestant La Rochelle , which Cardinal Richelieu had to besiege a few decades earlier. Well into the 20th century, Rochefort remained primarily
2025-499: The Bay of Islands, while discussions on land rights took place, the French colonisation continued. On 18 August 1840, the settlement at Akaroa began, with 57 settlers including 12 Germans. (Some had died en route.) The settlers' land was around German Bay ( Takamatua ), French Town (Akaroa) and the hill behind. For the first six years, the settlers were outnumbered by a large contingent of French sailors and naval officers. They were all part of
2100-461: The British flag, and held a court at each of the occupied settlements, to convince the French that the area was indeed under British control. A monument at the eastern edge of the town commemorates the British arrival. James Robinson Clough, also known as Jimmy Robinson, had arrived at Akaroa several years before. He acted as interpreter for Captain Owen Stanley at the flag-raising of 1840, and
2175-601: The Christchurch earthquakes of Feb and June had their epicentres in the Port Hills, significantly affecting communities. Several sites off the coast of the peninsula serve for mariculture cultivation of mussels . Farming has been a traditional industry on Banks Peninsula. Following the major earthquakes of 2010 and 2011, which affected Christchurch and Lyttelton (the harbour serving Christchurch), cruise ships were diverted to Akaroa Harbour. The Summit Road forms
2250-696: The French from 1830 to 1848. After being informed of the French intention to colonise Akaroa and to further its use as a whaling port, the Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, Captain William Hobson , sent the ship HMS Britomart to proclaim sovereignty over the area for the British Crown. HMS Britomart arrived in Akaroa on 16 August 1840, although the captain's log shows the arrival date as 11 August. Captain Stanley raised
2325-553: The French, represented by Commadore Lavaud and the company's urbane agent, Pierre-Joseph de Belligny . Land ownership discussions dragged on until 1849, and by then both governments back in Europe had become involved. Given that the French colonists had set out for New Zealand on the assumption that they owned the land, Lord Stanley , of the Colonial Office, instructed the New Zealand authorities in 1845 to grant 30,000 acres to
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2400-530: The Gothic revival style with a steep roof, it was designed by Christchurch architect, John Whitelaw. In 1912, a church hall was added. It was listed by Heritage New Zealand as a category two historic place in 1990. A water supply scheme in Akaroa provides drinking water for around 1000 properties in the Akaroa township, and a further 130 properties in Takamatua. Water is sourced from four streams and two wells, and
2475-405: The Nanto-Bordelaise Company. This grant never actually happened at that time and the 30,000 acres were never clearly defined, but all concerned acted as if the company now owned that land. The company by then was in a dire financial position and was keen to raise funds by selling that land, which it did before becoming insolvent in 1849. Some land was sold to individual settlers but most was bought by
2550-683: The Summit Walkway. They have also been involved in providing tramping huts (Rod Donald Hut and Ōtamahua Hut on Ōtamahua / Quail Island ) for the public to access. Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust was formed in 2001. It works to conserve and enhance the biodiversity and encourage sustainable land management on Banks Peninsula. Work being undertaken in 2020 included work to protect ruru (morepork) and tūī . They also work with landowners to legally protect important biodiversity and landscape values in perpetuity through covenants. Banks Peninsula Ward of Christchurch City Council, which encompasses
2625-599: The Treaty of Waitangi (the signatories including two chiefs at Akaroa in May) and New Zealand's first British Governor, William Hobson , had declared British sovereignty over the whole of New Zealand. On hearing of the French plan for colonisation, Hobson quickly dispatched HMS Britomart from the Bay of Islands to Akaroa with police magistrates on board. While Langlois and his colonists sheltered from unfavourable winds at Pigeon Bay on
2700-475: The Treaty of Waitangi, used by the British as their way of acquiring Māori land. The French government became involved and in order to send out the settlers it supplied the warship, Mahé , fitted out as a whaler and renamed Comte de Paris . On 9 March 1840, 63 emigrants left Rochefort . They were accompanied by the Aube , a 28-gun corvette under Commodore Charles-François Lavaud [ fr ] , whose role
2775-419: The area south of the Port Hills , covers 973.13 km (375.73 sq mi). Banks Peninsula Ward had a population of 8,850 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 615 people (7.5%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 684 people (8.4%) since the 2006 census . There were 3,747 households. There were 4,374 males and 4,476 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female. The median age
2850-538: The bay. Originally, it was known as Vincent's Bay as a result of a Captain John Vincent wrecking his schooner in the bay. It became known as Taylors Mistake in 1853 after another ship wreck in the bay. This time, a Captain Samuel Taylor wrecked his cutter named Hawk at night time. Taylors Mistake is known as Te One-poto in Māori. Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō is a harbour within Banks Peninsula. Within
2925-473: The company, took a minor shareholding and was entrusted with the whaling side of the venture. The company is comparable to the British "New Zealand Association" (later a company) but unlike the British, who arranged for all land sold by the indigenous Māori to go through its government representative, the French government planned to have Māori land sales arranged through the company. The model treaties for land acquisition sent out from France can be compared with
3000-449: The early 1840s. The Akaroa lighthouse has sat at Cemetery Point in the township since 1980. For the 100 years prior to that, it was located 82 m (270 ft) above sea level on a headland at Akaroa heads. The original site was chosen in 1875. In 1877, the lens and mount were ordered from France and the mechanism from Scotland. The road to the lighthouse had to be blasted out of solid rock and took ten months to complete. Construction of
3075-709: The end of August 1840 conducting the first hydrographic survey and reinforcing British sovereignty of Banks Peninsula. Little Akaloa is named "little" to distinguish it from Akaroa. It was spelt Hakaroa until 1864. Feral goats have been a problem in Little Akaloa but a successful cull of them in early 2019 is helping eradication efforts on Banks Peninsula. Rochefort, Charente-Maritime Rochefort ( French pronunciation: [ʁɔʃfɔʁ] ; Occitan : Ròchafòrt ), unofficially Rochefort-sur-Mer ( French pronunciation: [ʁɔʃfɔʁ syʁ mɛʁ] ; Occitan: Ròchafòrt de Mar ) for disambiguation,
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3150-506: The end of the wharf, an octagonal building with a turret roof was built by 1932. Akaroa was described as a “long favourite holiday haven not only for New Zealanders but visitors from Australia and the Old World” in 1903. At this time, most of Akaroa was concentrated around the waterfront with only a few houses built on the hillsides. The population living in Akaroa was 559 people with a total of 124 houses in 1901. The main wharf at Akaroa
3225-446: The first high school followed in 1883. The high school was for boys only in the first year but became co-educational in the second year. However, in 1900 it closed due to a lack of paying students. The next year, it re-opened as a free District High School. It moved to the current site in 1935. In 2007, the primary school was merged with it to form Akaroa Area School. This is now a co-educational composite school covering years 1 to 13, with
3300-482: The harbour entrance. 'Swim with the dolphins' boat tours are a major tourist attraction. Akaroa became a popular cruise ship destination after the 2011 Canterbury Earthquakes damaged the port of Lyttelton . In the summer of 2009–10, Akaroa was visited by seven cruise ships. This increased to ninety cruise ships in 2019 and 2020. The numbers reduced to 19 cruise ships in 2022 with the opening of Lyttelton cruise ship berth. Akaroa's first primary school opened in 1857, and
3375-422: The harbour lies Ōtamahua / Quail Island and Ripapa Island . Port Levy is the most north facing of the bays on Banks Peninsula. It has been visited by Europeans since the 1820s and known as Koukourarata in Māori. Pigeon Bay has a walking track which follows the eastern side of Pigeon bay out to the head of the bay. It takes about 4 or 5 hours to walk there and back. It has spectacular coastal views. There are
3450-424: The hilly sub-region of Banks Peninsula. A layer of loess , a rather unstable fine silt deposited by the foehn winds which bluster across the plains, covers the northern and western flanks of the peninsula. The portion of crater rim lying between Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō and Christchurch city forms the Port Hills . According to tradition the first Māori settlers of the area now known as Banks Peninsula were
3525-529: The land to the Nanto-Bordelaise Company , of which he became a part-owner. On 9 March 1840 he set sail for New Zealand with a group of French and German families aboard the ship Comte de Paris , with the intention of forming a French colony on a French South Island of New Zealand. By the time Langlois and his colonists arrived at Banks Peninsula in August 1840, many Māori had already signed
3600-618: The land, the New Zealand authorities made a grant of 30,000 acres to the Nanto-Bordelaise Company, which ceded all rights to the peninsula for £4,500. During the 1840s, the peninsula and the Canterbury Plains beyond were considered for colonisation, but it took until 1848 for the Canterbury Association chief surveyor, Captain Joseph Thomas to survey the surrounding plains and prepare for the arrival of
3675-401: The lighthouse finally began in 1879. Unfortunately, a southerly storm demolished the framework completely and work had to start again from scratch, this time with a stronger design. The 8.5 m (28 ft) tall light house was completed in 1880 and when operating, its light could be seen 37 km (23 mi) away. A telephone was installed in the lighthouse in 1885, and a kerosene generator
3750-488: The lowlands of the Canterbury Plains to the rocky cliffs of Banks Peninsula. While Sumner is politically and socially considered a suburb of Christchurch, the high Clifton cliffs and the post of volcanic rock on the beach, known locally as Rapanui , or Shag Rock, mark the place where the coastal plains meet the peninsula. Taylors Mistake is a Christchurch swimming beach with a number of holiday houses lining
3825-508: The meantime taken possession of the whole of New Zealand – decided a valid sale had not taken place in 1838, relying for their decision on English law and Māori oral evidence. While back in France, Langlois had raised capital from wealthy businessmen to fund the planned whaling and colonising venture. The Nanto-Bordelaise Company was set up, with the major shareholder being Adolphe Balguerie . Langlois ceded his supposed Banks Peninsula title to
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#17327727038823900-418: The native bush. Other protected areas on the peninsula include Ellangowan Scenic Reserve (3.14 km ), designated in 1973, Mount Herbert Scenic Reserve (2.42 km ), designated in 1980, Wairewa Stewardship Area (6.51 km ), designated in 1987, and Palm Gully Scenic Reserve (1.11 km ), designated in 1989. A large Marine Mammal Sanctuary, mainly restricting set-net fishing , surrounds much of
3975-480: The other side of the peninsula, the British raised their flag at Greens Point between Akaroa and Takapūneke and courts of law convened to assert British sovereignty over the South Island. The French colonists arrived in Akaroa Harbour on 18 August and established a settlement centred on the present-day site of Akaroa. Given that the French colonists had set out for New Zealand on the assumption that they owned
4050-527: The peninsula was on 17 February 1770 by Captain James Cook and crew during Cook's first circumnavigation of New Zealand. Cook described the land as "of a circular figure ... of a very broken uneven surface and [having] more the appearance of barrenness than fertility." Deceived by the outline of higher land behind the peninsula, Cook mistook it for an island and named it "Banks Island" in honour of Endeavour ' s botanist, Joseph Banks . Distracted by
4125-549: The peninsula. Banks Peninsula forms the most prominent volcanic feature of the South Island, similar to — but more than twice as large as — the older Dunedin volcano ( Otago Peninsula and Harbour ) 350 kilometres (220 mi) to the southwest. Geologically, the peninsula comprises the eroded remnants of two large composite shield volcanoes (Lyttelton formed first, then Akaroa), and the smaller Mt Herbert Volcanic Group. These formed due to intraplate volcanism between approximately eleven and eight million years ago ( Miocene ) on
4200-466: The peninsula. This has the principal aim of the conservation of Hector's dolphin , the smallest of all dolphin species. Eco-tourism based around the playful dolphins has now become a significant industry in Akaroa. The Banks Peninsula Marine Mammal Sanctuary was expanded in 2020, with restrictions introduced on seismic surveying and seabed mining. The sanctuary stretches from the Jed River south to
4275-506: The peninsula. However, Māori and European settlers successively denuded the forest cover and less than 2% remains today, although some reforestation has started. European settlers have planted many English trees, notably walnut . Hinewai Reserve , a private nature reserve , has been established on the peninsula to allow for native forest to regenerate on land that was once farmed. It was established in 1987 and now spans 1250 hectares of native bush. it has 40 km of walking tracks through
4350-476: The porch. Services were held regularly until 1963. This was the third Catholic church to be built in Akaroa, replacing the two earlier churches. It was designed by Christchurch architects Benjamin Mountfort and Maxwell Bury and built in 1865 out of timber. A porch was added in 1886 and a bell tower in 1893. A stained glass window depicting the crucifixion was added in 1930. Saint Peter's Anglican church
4425-491: The station in disgust, due to the religious apathy of the French immigrants. The area still shows a French influence, prominent in many local place names. It is the oldest town in Canterbury and one of the most historic places in New Zealand. Meanwhile, the British dismissed the Nanto-Bordelaise Company's claim as it was not based on British law, but only after extensive and complex negotiations had taken place with Māori and
4500-498: The summits of Mt Herbert/Te Ahu Pātiki and Mt Bradley with the intention to set up a conservation park protecting and restoring native biodiversity. The land is currently farmland but over time the trust intends to return it to native bush. In May 2021, the money was raised to purchase the land. The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust plans to upgrade fencing and remove feral grazing animals. The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust are also involved in developing Te Ara Pātaka, also known as
4575-645: The time. Arriving from England in April 1850, the Monarch , needing repairs , sailed into Akaroa Harbour. It was bound for Auckland however forty of the passengers decided to stay in Akaroa. The British immigrants settled at the southern end of Akaroa with the French living at the northern end with a small bay separating the two. Akaroa was described in 1854 as “altogether very like a small seaside village in England”. In 1878, there were only ten French born residents in
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#17327727038824650-479: The town of Akaroa out of a population of 642 people. A further 27 French born people lived outside the town boundaries. Businesses grew in Akaroa and by 1883 there were five builders, four confectioners, eight general stores, five milk-sellers, four shoemakers, two bankers, five milliners and five blacksmiths. Daly's wharf was built between 1863 and 1865 and refurbished in 1914. Located at the end of Rue Balguerie, it has been used by coastal ships and fishing boats. At
4725-483: Was $ 31,800, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 81 people (11.7%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 327 (47.2%) people were employed full-time, 111 (16.0%) were part-time, and 9 (1.3%) were unemployed. Akaroa is a popular resort town. Many Hector's dolphins can be found within the harbour, and in the area of the Akaroa Marine Reserve at
4800-478: Was 26.8%, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people objected to giving their religion, 58.9% had no religion, 29.0% were Christian, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.5% were Muslim, 0.7% were Buddhist and 3.4% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 2,400 (32.3%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 804 (10.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $ 36,000, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
4875-466: Was 34.9, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 44.4% had no religion, 34.9% were Christian , 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs , 1.6% were Hindu , 4.8% were Muslim , 1.6% were Buddhist and 4.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 126 (18.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 87 (12.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
4950-434: Was 48.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 1,410 people (15.9%) aged under 15 years, 999 (11.3%) aged 15 to 29, 4,710 (53.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,728 (19.5%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 93.1% European/Pākehā, 8.3% Māori, 1.3% Pacific peoples, 3.1% Asian, and 2.0% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). The proportion of people born overseas
5025-726: Was also to oversea French whaling interests around New Zealand. The ships arrived in the Bay of Islands in the North Island on 11 July 1840, where they learned that during their voyage William Hobson had proclaimed British sovereignty over all New Zealand on 21 May, and that the main South Island Māori chiefs had signed the Treaty of Waitangi . Hobson, who was now lieutenant-governor , wanted there to be no doubt that British sovereignty extended over all New Zealand and so to counter any potential threat to that situation, he dispatched
5100-415: Was built in 1887. Plans were made in 2022 to rebuild the main wharf in the same position that it currently is, as it was nearing the end of its useable life. The rebuild is expected to cost $ 19.1 million and be completed by 30 June 2025. Akaroa is defined by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement, and covers 2.03 km (0.78 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 780 as of June 2024, with
5175-463: Was built out of timber in the Gothic revival style and was completed in 1863. It replaced the previous Anglican church which was built eleven years earlier in 1852. A pipe organ was added in 1869. Benjamin Mountfort designed the transepts and chancel in 1877. The Trinity Presbyterian church was completed in 1886, thirty years after the first Presbyterian services were held in a private home. Built in
5250-688: Was chosen by Jean-Baptiste Colbert as a place of "refuge, defence and supply" for the French Navy . The Arsenal de Rochefort served as a naval base and dockyard until it closed in 1926. In September 1757, Rochefort was the target of an ambitious British raid during the Seven Years' War . Another infrastructure of early Rochefort from 1766 was its bagne , a high-security penal colony involving hard labour . Bagnes were then common fixtures in military harbors and naval bases, such as Toulon or Brest , because they provided free labor. During
5325-420: Was installed in 1935, allowing the light to be automated. This was converted to diesel in 1951. In 1977 a new automatic lighthouse was built to replace the original staffed lighthouse. In 1980, the original lighthouse was moved in pieces and then reassembled in its current position in the town of Akaroa. The Akaroa lighthouse is open for viewing on Sundays and on days when cruise ships visit the town. Onuku Church
5400-470: Was sacked, and the local Ngāi Tahu chief, Tama-i-hara-nui captured, by Ngāti Toa chief, Te Rauparaha , with the assistance of the captain of the British brig Elizabeth, John Stewart. It was partly as a result of this massacre that the British authorities sent James Busby , as official British Resident, to New Zealand in 1832. During the 1830s, several European whaling bases were established on Banks Peninsula. In 1838 Captain Jean François Langlois ,
5475-522: Was sacked. Several hundred were killed and dozens enslaved. Stewart could not be convicted of murder owing to the lack of a suitable legal system in New Zealand at the time. This incident was one of several lawless acts committed by Stewart around this time. The actions of John Stewart were examples of other incidents of lawlessness among Europeans in New Zealand, which contributed to the appointment of an official British Resident James Busby to New Zealand in 1832. The earliest European settlers used Akaroa as
5550-479: Was that 3,807 (51.2%) people were employed full-time, 1,383 (18.6%) were part-time, and 135 (1.8%) were unemployed. Akaroa is a small town on the edge of the Akaroa harbour. Little River is a small town which sits at the end of the Little River Rail Trail. There are several art galleries, a camp ground, rugby club and primary school there. The area is known to Māori as Wairewa. Wainui
5625-555: Was the first European to travel up the Avon River / Ōtākaro in 1843. Clough's descendants are still prominent on the Peninsula today. British immigrants settled in both Akaroa and German Bay ( Takamatua ), along with many German farmers, who set up dairy, sheep and cocksfoot ( Dactylis glomerata ) farms. The great majority of the artifacts currently held at Akaroa Museum are of the early farming community and their way of life at
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