Misplaced Pages

#401598

39-555: Most English-language versions of the Bible transliterate the term as Akeldama (e.g. American Standard Version (ASV), English Standard Version (ESV), Good News Translation (GNT), Modern English Version (MEV), and New International Version (NIV)) or as Akel Dama ( New King James Version (NKJV) and 1599 Geneva Bible ). Aceldama is used by the King James Version (KJV), Darby Bible and Wycliffe Bible . Hakeldama

78-663: A burial place for non-Jews up to the early 19th century. During the era of the Crusades , it was used to bury the fifty or more patients who died each day in the hospital run by the Knights Hospitaller in Jerusalem. In the 12th century, the crusaders erected beyond the field, on the south side of the valley of Hinnom, a large building now in a ruined condition, measuring seventy-eight feet in length from east to west, fifty-eight feet in width and thirty in height on

117-803: A field as a burial ground for foreigners: thus the place gained the name "the Field of Blood" ( Matthew 27:7 , and possibly with allusions to Zechariah 11:12–13 and Jeremiah 18:2–3 and Jeremiah 32:6–15 ). According to the Acts of the Apostles ( Acts 1:18–19 ) Judas "acquired a field with the reward of his unjust deed, and falling headfirst he burst open in the middle and all his intestines gushed out. This became known to all who lived in Jerusalem, so that in their own language they called that field Hakeldama, that is, 'Field of Blood. ' " The implication in Matthew

156-426: A preserved shrouded human burial" dating to the first-century, with the bone samples yielding evidence of the pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae , the latter being "the earliest case of leprosy with a confirmed date in which M. leprae DNA was detected". American Standard Version The American Standard Version ( ASV ), officially Revised Version, Standard American Edition ,

195-742: A symbolic fee are provided at a clinic donated by the Jinishian Medical Fund. Free meals to aged and invalid pensioners and indigent members of the community are also provided. The Patriarchate enjoys a semi-diplomatic status and is one of the three major guardians of the Christian holy places in the Holy Land (the other two being the Greek Orthodox and Latin Patriarchates). Among these sites under joint control of

234-626: A theological seminary in 1843. In 1866, the Armenians had inaugurated the first photographic studio and their first newspaper in Jerusalem. In 1908, the Armenian community built two large buildings on the north-western side of the Old City, along Jaffa Street. As the Armenian diaspora spread throughout Europe and America, wealthy Armenians donated generously for the prosperity and continuity of

273-830: Is a Bible translation into English that was completed in 1901 with the publication of the revision of the Old Testament . The revised New Testament had been published in 1900. It was previously known by its full name, but soon came to have other names, such as the American Revised Version , the American Standard Revision , the American Standard Revised Bible , and the American Standard Edition . The American Standard Version, which

312-686: Is located in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem. The Armenian Apostolic Church is officially recognised under Israel's confessional system , for the self-regulation of status issues, such as marriage and divorce. Archbishop Nourhan Manougian , previously the Grand Sacristan and the Patriarchal Vicar, became the 97th Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem on January 24, 2013. Manougian succeeded Archbishop Torkom Manoogian , who died on October 12, 2012, after serving 22 years in

351-590: Is that the location name refers to the blood of Jesus, whereas in Acts the name refers to the blood of Judas. Barnabas Lindars holds the Acts narrative to be prior, and that although the incident is not created out of the Old Testament passages the text of Zechariah 11:12ff is "freely used to fill up the gaps in the story ... to the early Christian exegetes a perfectly legitimate hermeneutical procedure". According to Ian Howard Marshall , Acts may be recording

390-663: Is used by the Common English Bible (CEB), New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) and Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB), whilst the Complete Jewish Bible (CJB) uses Hakel-D'ma . The Jerusalem Bible has Hakeldama but uses the English translation Bloody Acre in place of Field of Blood , which is otherwise consistently used as the English translation. In Greek , it is called Ἁκελδαμάχ ( Hakeldamach ). New Zealand Māori prophet Te Whiti o Rongomai used

429-621: The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem since the 16th century. In 1892 the Greek Orthodox Church built a monastery at the site, named after Saint Onuphrius . Many burial caves have been identified in and around the monastery. One of Jerusalem's main cemeteries during the Second Temple period is a burial complex carved into dense limestone bedrock of a steep slope descending into the meeting point of

SECTION 10

#1732786962402

468-755: The Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin as having pre-eminent supremacy in all spiritual matters. After the end of the Crusader period, the Armenian Patriarchs sought to establish good relations with the Muslim rulers. The Armenian Patriarch Sarkis I (1281–1313) met the Mamluk governor in Egypt and subsequently returned to his community in Jerusalem, hoping to usher in a period of peace for his people after

507-720: The Muslim conquest of Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire , after Sophronius died and the Greeks did not appoint another bishop for Jerusalem, the Armenian Apostolic Church began appointing its own bishops for Jerusalem . The office has continued, with some interruptions, down to this day. The bishops were later elevated in stature and became Patriarchs. The Armenian Patriarch is independent and self-governing. The Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem recognizes

546-475: The (inaccurate) story as told within Jerusalem. In his Onomasticon (ed. Klostermann, p. 102, 16), Eusebius says the "field of Haceldama" lies nearer to " Thafeth of the Valley of Ennom ". But under the word "Haceldama" (p. 38, 20) he says that this field was pointed out as being "north of Mount Sion ". St. Jerome changed this to "south of Mount Sion" (p. 39, 27). It continued to be used as

585-873: The Almighty (the Tetragrammaton ) is consistently rendered Jehovah in 6,823 places of the ASV Old Testament, rather than L ORD as it appears mostly in the King James Bible and Revised Version of 1881–85. There are seven verses in the King James Bible where the divine name appears: Genesis 22:14, Exodus 6:3, Exodus 17:15, Judges 6 :24, Psalm 83 :18, Isaiah 12:2 and Isaiah 26 :4 plus its abbreviated form, Jah, in Psalms 68:4. The English Revised Version (1881–1885, published with

624-817: The American Standard Version Holy Bible included the Apocrypha of the Revised Version. The Revised Version of 1885 and the American Standard Version of 1901 are among the Bible versions authorized to be used in services of the Episcopal Church and the Church of England. The American Standard Version entered the public domain on January 1, 1957 upon expiration of its copyright. The divine name of

663-778: The Apocrypha in 1894) renders the Tetragrammaton as Jehovah where it appears in the King James Version, and another eight times in Exodus 6:2,6–8, Psalm 68 :20, Isaiah 49 :14, Jeremiah 16 :21 and Habakkuk 3 :19 plus as its abbreviated form, Jah, twice in Psalm 68 :4 and Psalm 89 :8. The reason for this change, as the Committee explained in the preface, was that "the American Revisers [...] were brought to

702-616: The Armenian Patriarch Hovhannes VII purchased a large parcel of land south of the St. James Cathedral, called Cham Tagh. By 1752 the Patriarchate was busy renovating the entire quarter, and in 1828 further renovations took place after an earthquake. In 1850 the seminary complex at the south end of the St. James convent was completed. In 1833, the Armenians established the city's first printing press, and opened

741-689: The Armenian Church on the Golgotha Chapel, in the afternoon processions in the Holy Sepulcher, the Armenian Church has liturgy there. At times, the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem became politicized by struggles within the Armenian Church. The Armenian Patriarchate, due to its proximity to the holy places and isolation from the main Armenian population, played an important role in the schism that began to affect

780-468: The Armenian leaderships in Constantinople and Etchmiadzin (seat of the Armenian church). Significantly Bishop Eghiazar assumed the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem and in 1644 declared himself for a short period of time as catholicos (leader) of all the Armenian church. In the 17th century, the Armenians were allowed after much pleading to enlarge the St. James Monastery. At the same time

819-428: The Armenian quarter had European-style gable roofs , as opposed to the domes preferred in the Muslim quarter. In 1922 Armenians made up 8% of Jerusalem's Christians, bringing their total number to about 2,480 people. It is also noted that non-Armenians found comfort in the protection of the walled Armenian compound. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Armenian quarter saw further renovations. The end of World War II brought also

SECTION 20

#1732786962402

858-568: The Baptist, Congregationalist, Dutch Reformed, Friends, Methodist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Protestant Episcopal, and Unitarian. These scholars began work in 1872. Three of the editors, the youngest in years, became the editors of the American Standard Revised New Testament: Drs. Timothy Dwight V , Joseph Henry Thayer and Matthew B. Riddle . The Revised Version New Testament was published in 1881,

897-553: The Crusades. In the 1340s the Armenians were permitted to build a wall around their quarter. The Mamluk government also engraved a protective declaration in Arabic on the western entrance to the quarter. The Armenian quarter in this period kept creating " facts on the ground " by the constant small expansions and consolidations. In the 1380s Patriarch Krikor IV built a priests' dining room across from St. James' Cathedral. Around 1415

936-650: The Hinnom and Kidron Valleys, 90 meters east of the monastery wall. They were first systematically studied in 1901. In 1989 a construction project was halted when bulldozers revealed the presence of burial caves cut into the rocks; construction was halted, and the Israel Antiquities Authority allowed archaeologists to investigate. The Tomb of the Shroud in Akeldama is "one of very few examples of

975-725: The Old Testament in 1885, and the Apocrypha in 1894, after which the British team disbanded. Unauthorized copies of the RV then appeared in the US, having the American team suggestions in the main text. This was possible because while the RV in the UK held a Crown copyright as a product of the University Presses of Oxford and Cambridge , this protection did not extend to the US where the text

1014-748: The Patriarchate at the St. James Monastery , which occupies most of the Armenian Quarter of the Old City . Apart from Jerusalem, there are Armenian communities in Jaffa , Haifa and Nazareth , and in the Palestinian Territories. The Jerusalem Armenian community uses the Old Julian calendar , unlike the rest of the Armenian Church, which use the Gregorian calendar . In 638, following

1053-475: The Patriarchate, also lie the private residences of Armenian families. This residential enclave was, at one time, the largest single compound that housed Armenians, and represented the demographic and spiritual core of Armenian presence in the Holy Land. The compound of the Patriarchate, which enforces a strict curfew of 10 p.m., when the massive doors are closed and locked until the early morning, also houses

1092-475: The Patriarchate. The oil magnate and philanthropist Calouste Gulbenkian came to endow the Gulbenkian Library in the Armenian quarter that was named in gratitude in his name, today holding one of the great collection of ancient Armenian manuscripts including endless copies of the various firmans , Ottoman edicts that granted the quarter protection and rights under Muslim rule. By the 1920s, most of

1131-563: The administrative offices and residences of the Patriarch and the clergy. It also comprises: Other buildings of the Patriarchate located within the compound include: Outside of the compound (just across the city wall) are the Monastery of Saint Saviour and an Armenian cemetery. The Patriarchate also runs a printing press, the first to be established in Jerusalem, which has now become capable of undertaking commercial color printing. This

1170-563: The division of Mandate Palestine and the establishment in 1948 of Israel . The number of Armenians residing at the time in the Holy Land totaled about 8,000. The Armenians who lived in Haifa and Jaffa, which became part of Israel, got Israeli citizenship; whereas the huge majority of Palestinian Armenians lived in the Armenian Quarter, and the Armenian Patriarchate and its properties came under Jordanian rule. The Armenian community

1209-456: The north. It is roofed and covers towards the southern end several natural grottoes, which were once used as sepulchres of the Jewish type, and a ditch is hollowed out at the northern end which is sixty-eight feet long, twenty-one feet wide and thirty feet deep. It is estimated that the bones and rubbish accumulated there form a bed from ten to fifteen feet thick. Akeldama has been the property of

Akeldama - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-467: The office. The Patriarch, along with a synod of seven clergymen elected by the St. James Brotherhood, oversees the Patriarchate's operations. During World War I, survivors of the Armenian genocide received shelter in the Armenian convent in Jerusalem. The Armenian population of Jerusalem reached at that time 25,000 people. But political and economic instability in the region have reduced the Armenian population. Most Armenians in Jerusalem live in and around

1287-680: The olive grove on the Mount of Olives, the Garden of Gethsemane , was purchased. In 1439, Armenians were removed by the Greeks and from the Golgotha chapel in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher , but the Patriarch Mardiros I (1412–1450) purchased the "opposite area" as compensation, and named it Second Golgotha . This remains in the Patriarch's possession to this day. Because of the rights of

1326-496: The spelling akarama (in keeping with Māori orthography ), referring to his prophecy of a betrayal of the Parihaka settlement. Christian tradition connects the place with Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus for 30 pieces of silver. There are two accounts of his death. The Gospel of Matthew describes how Judas returned the money to the Temple authorities before hanging himself. Deeming it as blood money, and therefore illegal to put into their treasury, they used it instead to buy

1365-602: The unanimous conviction that a Jewish superstition, which regarded the Divine Name as too sacred to be uttered, ought no longer to dominate in the English or any other version of the Old Testament" The ASV has been the basis of various revisions and new translations: Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem , also known as the Armenian Patriarchate of Saint James ( Armenian : Առաքելական Աթոռ Սրբոց Յակովբեանց Յերուսաղեմ , Aṙak’yelakan At’voṙ Srboc’ Yakovbeanc’ Yerusaġem , lit.   ' Apostolic See of Saint James in Jerusalem ' ),

1404-412: Was also known as The American Revision of 1901, is rooted in the work begun in 1870 to revise the King James Bible of 1611. This project eventually produced the Revised Version (RV) in the UK. An invitation was extended to American religious leaders for scholars to work on the RV project. In 1871, thirty scholars were chosen by Philip Schaff . The denominations represented on the American committee were

1443-400: Was further reduced after the 1967 Six-Day War , Naksa , occupation, with many emigrating to Jordan and some to Europe and the United States, leaving around 2,000–3,000 in Jerusalem and the West Bank . The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem is the home of the Brotherhood of St. James , a monastic order of the Armenian Apostolic Church with about 60 members worldwide. Within the compound of

1482-411: Was not separately copyrighted. In 1898, Oxford and Cambridge Universities published their editions of the RV with some American suggestions included. However, these suggestions were reduced in number from those in the appendixes. Some of the Americanized editions by Oxford and Cambridge Universities had the title of "American Revised Version" on the cover of their spines. Some of Thomas Nelson's editions of

1521-427: Was the first facility within the Armenian compound to adopt the concept of computerization on a dedicated scale. The official organ of the Patriarchate is the long-running periodical Sion ( Սիոն ), named after the Armenian name for Mount Zion . The students in the seminary also publish their own official organ: Hay Yerusaghem ( Հայ Երուսաղէմ , lit.   ' Armenian Jerusalem ' ) Medical services against

#401598