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42-462: Akhmeta ( Georgian : ახმეტის მუნიციპალიტეტი , Axmeṫis municiṗaliṫeṫi ) is the administrative – territorial unit in Eastern Georgia , in the region of Kakheti . The administrative center of Akhmeta municipality is the town Akhmeta . The Municipality borders Dusheti Municipality and Tianeti Municipality to the west, Chechnya to the north, Telavi Municipality and Dagestan to

84-437: A Georgian Dream coalition ticket. Zviadauri is a cousin of another olympic champion, Georgian-born Greek Judoka Ilias Iliadis (born Jarji Zviadauri ), who also won gold at the 2004 Summer Olympic games. Zvidauri was arrested on 17 August 2021, in connection with the murder of three people. [REDACTED] Media related to Zurab Zviadauri at Wikimedia Commons This biographical article related to Georgian judo

126-457: A vigesimal numeric system like Basque and (partially) French . Numbers greater than 20 and less than 100 are described as the sum of the greatest possible multiple of 20 plus the remainder. For example, "93" literally translates as 'four times twenty plus thirteen' ( ოთხმოცდაცამეტი , otkhmotsdatsamet’i ). One of the most important Georgian dictionaries is the Explanatory dictionary of

168-569: A Roman grammarian from the 2nd century AD. The first direct attestations of the language are inscriptions and palimpsests dating to the 5th century, and the oldest surviving literary work is the 5th century Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik by Iakob Tsurtaveli . The emergence of Georgian as a written language appears to have been the result of the Christianization of Georgia in the mid-4th century, which led to

210-665: A capital-like effect called Mtavruli for titles and inscriptions. Georgian is an agglutinative language with a complex verb structure that can include up to eight morphemes , exhibiting polypersonalism . The language has seven noun cases and employs a left-branching structure with adjectives preceding nouns and postpositions instead of prepositions. Georgian lacks grammatical gender and articles, with definite meanings established through context. Georgian's rich derivation system allows for extensive noun and verb formation from roots, with many words featuring initial consonant clusters. The Georgian writing system has evolved from ancient scripts to

252-490: A ri means 'friend'; megobrebi ( megob Ø rebi ) means 'friends', with the loss of a in the last syllable of the word stem. Georgian has seven noun cases: nominative , ergative , dative , genitive , instrumental , adverbial and vocative . An interesting feature of Georgian is that, while the subject of a sentence is generally in the nominative case and the object is in the accusative case (or dative), one can find this reversed in many situations (this depends mainly on

294-399: A row, as may be seen in words like გვფრცქვნ ი gvprtskvni 'you peel us' and მწვრთნ ელი mts’vrtneli 'trainer'. Vicenik has observed that Georgian vowels following ejective stops have creaky voice and suggests this may be one cue distinguishing ejectives from their aspirated and voiced counterparts. Georgian has been written in a variety of scripts over its history. Currently

336-589: A word. Georgian vowels in non-initial syllables are pronounced with a shorter duration compared to vowels in initial syllables. long polysyllabic words may have a secondary stress on their third or fourth syllable. Georgian contains many "harmonic clusters" involving two consonants of a similar type (voiced, aspirated, or ejective) that are pronounced with only a single release; e.g. ბგ ერა bgera 'sound', ცხ ოვრება tskhovreba 'life', and წყ ალი ts’q’ali 'water'. There are also frequent consonant clusters , sometimes involving more than six consonants in

378-465: Is 1200–2000 mm. The average temperature in the coldest month of the year, January, is (-) 3 °C, and in July - 22 °C. At 1200–2000 m above sea level, a humid climate is developed, with cold winters and cool summers; the average annual rainfall is around 1500–1700 mm. The hydrological network is very frequent on the territory of the municipality. This administrative unit is characterized by

420-417: Is 2207.6 km. Agricultural lands occupy 80,266 hectares, while 91,200 hectares of the municipality are covered with forests. The lower zone of the territorial unit has a moderately humid climate, with hot summers and relatively cold winters. Annual precipitation is in the range of 770–820 mm. The moderately humid climate is formed in the area of 700–1200 m above sea level. The average annual rainfall

462-599: Is a scholarship holder with the Olympic Solidarity program. He also won two silver medals on world championships (in 2001 and in 2003 ) and a bronze on European championship in 2002 . Zvidauri is also signed to mixed martial arts -promotion World Victory Road , but has yet to make his MMA-debut. In 2012, he was elected to the Parliament of Georgia for the Akhmeta Municipality on

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504-539: Is because syllables in the language often begin with two consonants. Recordings are available on the relevant Wiktionary entries, linked to below. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights : Zurab Zviadauri Zurab Zviadauri (born 2 July 1981) is a Georgian judoka who competed in the Men's 90 kg at the 2004 Summer Olympics and won the gold medal, the first for Georgia. He

546-605: Is elected every four year. The last election was held in October 2021 . There are 24 public schools, 37 Nursery schools, and 1 College operate in the municipality. There are 1547 children enrolled in nursery schools. Eight libraries are functioning in Akhmeta Municipality, where 133688 books are kept. With the initiative of the National Library of Georgia, working on the creation of an electronic library

588-547: Is located across the main ridge of the Caucasus, on its northern slope. Tusheti is included in the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage sites . The local economy of Akhmeta Municipality is mainly represented by agriculture, processing industry, tourism, services, and trade. According to the data of the National Statistics Office of Georgia for May 1, 2019, 3626 registered enterprises are operating in

630-501: Is located, in which the severely damaged portraits of King Levan and Queen Tinatin have survived. Akhmeta Municipality is twinned with: 42°16′39″N 45°29′56″E  /  42.2774°N 45.4988°E  / 42.2774; 45.4988 Georgian language Georgian is most closely related to the Zan languages ( Megrelian and Laz ) and more distantly to Svan . Georgian has various dialects , with standard Georgian based on

672-1003: Is rather light, and in fact Georgian transliterates the tenuis stops in foreign words and names with the ejectives. The coronal occlusives ( /tʰ tʼ d n/ , not necessarily affricates) are variously described as apical dental, laminal alveolar, and "dental". Per Canepari, the main realizations of the vowels are [ i ], [ e̞ ], [ ä ], [ o̞ ], [ u ]. Aronson describes their realizations as [ i̞ ], [ e̞ ], [ ä ] (but "slightly fronted"), [ o̞ ], [ u̞ ]. Shosted transcribed one speaker's pronunciation more-or-less consistently with [ i ], [ ɛ ], [ ɑ ], [ ɔ ], [ u ]. Allophonically, [ ə ] may be inserted to break up consonant clusters, as in /dɡas/ [dəɡäs] . In casual speech, /iV, Vi/ sequences can be realized phonetically as [jV~i̯V, Vj~Vi̯]. Phrase-final unstressed vowels may sometimes be partially reduced. Prosody in Georgian involves stress, intonation, and rhythm. Stress

714-986: Is underway. Three museums are operating in Akhmeta municipality (Rapiel Eristavi House Museum, Akhmeta Museum of Local Lore in the village of Kvemo Alvani and Pankisi Ethnographic Museum), Besik Mamiauri School of Art and Cognition, a union of music schools with branches in the villages of Matani, Duisi, Zemo Alvani and Kvemo Alvani and the Cultural Center, under which are 10 Rural Culture Houses. There are three sports schools in Akhmeta Municipality – Akhmeta Football School "Bakhtrioni", Sports-Educational Institution of Akhmeta Sports School Complex, and Zurab Zviadauri Judo Sports School of Akhmeta. The schools have judo, freestyle, Greco-Roman, arm wrestling , football, basketball, athletics, tennis, kickbox , rugby sections, which involve up to 700 children. Sports competitions and tournaments are held in Akhmeta Municipality throughout

756-401: Is very weak, and linguists disagree as to where stress occurs in words. Jun, Vicenik, and Lofstedt have proposed that Georgian stress and intonation are the result of pitch accents on the first syllable of a word and near the end of a phrase. According to Borise, Georgian has fixed initial word-level stress cued primarily by greater syllable duration and intensity of the initial syllable of

798-458: The Dittionario giorgiano e italiano . These were meant to help western Catholic missionaries learn Georgian for evangelical purposes. On the left are IPA symbols, and on the right are the corresponding letters of the modern Georgian alphabet, which is essentially phonemic. Former /qʰ/ ( ჴ ) has merged with /x/ ( ხ ), leaving only the latter. The glottalization of the ejectives

840-499: The Mkhedruli script is almost completely dominant; the others are used mostly in religious documents and architecture. Mkhedruli has 33 letters in common use; a half dozen more are obsolete in Georgian, though still used in other alphabets, like Mingrelian, Laz, and Svan. The letters of Mkhedruli correspond closely to the phonemes of the Georgian language. According to the traditional account written down by Leonti Mroveli in

882-516: The Georgian Orthodox Church and together are called Khutsuri 'priest alphabet'. In Mkhedruli , there is no case. Sometimes, however, a capital-like effect, called Mtavruli ('title' or 'heading'), is achieved by modifying the letters so that their vertical sizes are identical and they rest on the baseline with no descenders. These capital-like letters are often used in page headings, chapter titles, monumental inscriptions, and

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924-457: The Kartlian dialect. Over the centuries, it has exerted a strong influence on the other dialects. As a result, they are all, generally, mutually intelligible with standard Georgian, and with one another. The history of the Georgian language is conventionally divided into the following phases: The earliest extant references to Georgian are found in the writings of Marcus Cornelius Fronto ,

966-457: The 11th century, the first Georgian script was created by the first ruler of the Kingdom of Iberia , Pharnavaz , in the 3rd century BC. The first examples of a Georgian script date from the 5th century AD. There are now three Georgian scripts, called Asomtavruli 'capitals', Nuskhuri 'small letters', and Mkhedruli . The first two are used together as upper and lower case in the writings of

1008-495: The 2014 census data the population of Akhmeta District was 31,461. 78.99% of them was Georgians , 17.39% Kists , 2.21% Ossetians , 0.41% Chechens . The municipality is bordered on the west by Dusheti and Tianeti municipalities , on the north by Chechnya , on the east by Telavi Municipality and the Autonomous Republic of Dagestan, and on the south by Sagarejo Municipality . The area of Akhmeta municipality

1050-568: The Georgian language ( ქართული ენის განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი ). It consists of eight volumes and about 115,000 words. It was produced between 1950 and 1964, by a team of linguists under the direction of Arnold Chikobava . Georgian has a word derivation system, which allows the derivation of nouns from verb roots both with prefixes and suffixes, for example: It is also possible to derive verbs from nouns: Likewise, verbs can be derived from adjectives, for example: In Georgian many nouns and adjectives begin with two or more contiguous consonants. This

1092-856: The Kartlian dialect, and all dialects are mutually intelligible. The history of Georgian spans from Early Old Georgian in the 5th century, to Modern Georgian today. Its development as a written language began with the Christianization of Georgia in the 4th century. Georgian phonology features a rich consonant system, including aspirated, voiced, and ejective stops , affricates , and fricatives . Its vowel system consists of five vowels with varying realizations. Georgian prosody involves weak stress, with disagreements among linguists on its placement. The language's phonotactics include complex consonant clusters and harmonic clusters. The Mkhedruli script , dominant in modern usage, corresponds closely to Georgian phonemes and has no case distinction, though it employs

1134-577: The President of Georgia of November 7, 2006, the monastery complex was awarded the category of the immovable cultural monuments of National significance. Remains of the palace complex of King Levan (1520–1574) are located between the villages of Zemo Alvani and Kvemo Alvani in Akhmeta Municipality, above the Alazani field, on the foothills of the Caucasus. Near it, the basilica of St. Ioane the Baptist

1176-403: The character of the verb). This is called the dative construction . In the past tense of the transitive verbs, and in the present tense of the verb "to know", the subject is in the ergative case. Georgian has a rich word-derivation system. By using a root, and adding some definite prefixes and suffixes, one can derive many nouns and adjectives from the root. For example, from the root - kart -,

1218-458: The current Mkhedruli, used for most purposes. The language has a robust grammatical framework with unique features such as syncope in morphophonology and a left-branching syntax. Georgian's vocabulary is highly derivational, allowing for diverse word formations, while its numeric system is vigesimal. No claimed genetic links between the Kartvelian languages and any other language family in

1260-414: The east, and Sagarejo Municipality to the south. Akhmeta Municipality includes the historic region of Tusheti . The area of the municipality covers 2207.6 km. Until 1930, the current territory of Akhmeta Municipality was a part of Tianeti Mazra, from 1930 it moved to Telavi Mazra, from 1951 it was separated into a distinct area, in 1963–1964 it was returned to Telavi district. From August 1964, it

1302-456: The fast mountain rivers. The Pirikiti Alazani and Tushetis Alazani basins represent the rivers of the municipality. Akhmeta Municipal Assembly ( Georgian : ახმეტის საკრებულო) is a representative body in Akhmeta Municipality. currently consisting of 30 members. The council is assembles into session regularly, to consider subject matters such as code changes, utilities, taxes, city budget, oversight of city government and more. Akhmeta sakrebulo

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1344-523: The field of industry are represented by wine factories, building materials, and wood processing industries as well as furniture enterprises. Bakhtrioni Fortress – a feudal era fortress in Akhmeta municipality of Kakheti region. It is located near the town of Akhmeta, southeast of the village of Khorbalo, on the left bank of the Alazani River, near its confluence with the Ilto River. The fortress

1386-498: The following words can be derived: Kart veli ('a Georgian person'), Kart uli ('the Georgian language') and Sa kart velo ('the country of Georgia'). Most Georgian surnames end in - dze 'son' (Western Georgia), - shvili 'child' (Eastern Georgia), - ia (Western Georgia, Samegrelo ), - ani (Western Georgia, Svaneti ), - uri (Eastern Georgia), etc. The ending - eli is a particle of nobility, comparable to French de , Dutch van , German von or Polish - ski . Georgian has

1428-498: The like. This is the Georgian standard keyboard layout. The standard Windows keyboard is essentially that of manual typewriters . Georgian is an agglutinative language . Certain prefixes and suffixes can be joined in order to build a verb. In some cases, one verb can have up to eight different morphemes in it at the same time. An example is ageshenebinat ('you [all] should've built [it]'). The verb can be broken down to parts: a-g-e-shen-eb-in-a-t . Each morpheme here contributes to

1470-472: The meaning of the verb tense or the person who has performed the verb. The verb conjugation also exhibits polypersonalism ; a verb may potentially include morphemes representing both the subject and the object. In Georgian morphophonology , syncope is a common phenomenon. When a suffix (especially the plural suffix - eb -) is attached to a word that has either of the vowels a or e in the last syllable, this vowel is, in most words, lost. For example, megob

1512-640: The replacement of Aramaic as the literary language . By the 11th century, Old Georgian had developed into Middle Georgian. The most famous work of this period is the epic poem The Knight in the Panther's Skin , written by Shota Rustaveli in the 12th century. In 1629, a certain Nikoloz Cholokashvili authored the first printed books written (partially) in Georgian, the Alphabetum Ibericum sive Georgianum cum Oratione and

1554-449: The territory of Akhmeta Municipality, which are classified into 5 large, 30 medium, and 448 small enterprises. There are 9 small family cellars in the municipality. Most of all, 336 enterprises operate in the trade and services sector, up to 83 facilities provide hotel-type services in the municipality. The agricultural sector is represented by 13 small enterprises, and 19 cooperatives. 34 small, 3 medium and 1 large enterprise operating in

1596-399: The world are accepted in mainstream linguistics. Among the Kartvelian languages, Georgian is most closely related to the so-called Zan languages ( Megrelian and Laz ); glottochronological studies indicate that it split from the latter approximately 2700 years ago. Svan is a more distant relative that split off much earlier, perhaps 4000 years ago. Standard Georgian is largely based on

1638-933: The year. In Akhmeta municipality there is a Horse riding (equestrian) club within Akhmeta Complex Sports School. At the equestrian base, around 35–40 children are taking training. A Department of Tourism Development, Foreign Relations and International Projects operates under the Akhmeta Municipal Administration, which provides information to foreign and local tourists on tourism infrastructure, tourist sites, tourism programs, transport, natural monuments, protected areas, architectural and archaeological sites, cultural events, festivals, festivals, public holidays and other topics. The following types of tourism are developed in Akhmeta Municipality: Tusheti

1680-464: Was built in the late 50s of the XVII century by the command of Shah Abbas II of Iran. The historic fortress city of Kvetera is located on the right bank of the river Ilto, on the left side of the highway connecting Akhmeta-Tianeti, 12 km from Akhmeta. The castle-city complex includes inner castle, lower castle, fence, palace, hall church, and the main attraction – a domed church. Alaverdi Monastery

1722-561: Was founded in the middle of the VI century by one of the Assyrian holy fathers, Joseph Alaverdi (Ioseb Alaverdeli). At the beginning of the XI century, Kvirike, the king of Kakheti, in the place of a small church of St. George, built a cathedral, which is known by the name of Alaverdi. The monastery complex is located in the west of the village of Matani, Akhmeta Municipality. According to the decree of

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1764-542: Was re-established as a separate district within the present borders. Akhmeta was declared a Town in 1966. Since 2006 – municipality. Akhmeta Municipality consists of 15 administrative units and 108 settlements. According to the National Statistics Office of Georgia, the population of Akhmeta Municipality as of 1 January 2021, is 28.9 thousand people. 6.4 thousand people live in urban areas and 22.5 thousand people in rural areas. According to

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