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43-592: Aklavik / ə ˈ k l æ v ɪ k / ( Inuvialuktun : Akłarvik ) (from the Inuvialuktun meaning barrenground grizzly place ) is a hamlet located in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories , Canada. Until 1961, with a population over 1,500, the community served as the regional administrative centre for the territorial government. Because of repeated flooding in this area,

86-679: A health centre with four nurses , a Canada Post outlet, the Aklavik Lodge and the Aklavik Inn (Bessie's Boarding House) for visitor accommodation, and two taxi companies. Like most northern communities, Aklavik has a community hall, and a gymnasium that is attached to the school. Uncommonly it also has a swimming pool. The community is served only by air, via the Aklavik/Freddie Carmichael Airport , and by winter ice road directly from Inuvik across

129-760: A mission here in 1926. Located on the Peel Channel, the community became a transportation hub in the Mackenzie. It was in a good trapping area. Aklavik became part of the Northwest Territories and Yukon Radio System (NWT&Y) in October 1925. The NWT&Y system, a pioneer system, was critical in providing communications in Canada's North. It was operated by the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals (RC Sigs). In Aklavik, besides providing services to

172-493: A polyclinic , it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology , dermatology , ophthalmology , otolaryngology , neurology , pulmonology , cardiology , and endocrinology . In some university cities , polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building. Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of

215-465: A specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school . The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds. In Latin, this became clīnicus . An early use of

258-654: A coherent language, Inuvialuktun is a politically motivated grouping of three quite distinct and separate varieties. It consists of Sallirmiutun (formerly Siglitun; Inuvialuktun proper), the Kangiryuarmiutun dialect of Inuinnaqtun on Victoria Island in the East and the Uummarmiutun dialect of Iñupiaq around Inuvik and Aklavik in the West. Inuvialuktun, Inuinnaqtun and Inuktitut constitute three of

301-807: A family was $ 80,200, compared to $ 133,754 for the NWT, with 20.0% of all families earning less than $ 30,000. Inuvialuktun Inuvialuktun is spoken by the Inuit of the Mackenzie River delta, Banks Island , part of Victoria Island and the Arctic Ocean coast of the Northwest Territories – the lands of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region . It was traditionally subsumed under a broader Inuktitut . Rather than

344-437: A first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas." Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after

387-451: A local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized health care. Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker . In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require

430-456: A visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed. Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if

473-455: Is Indigenous . However, unlike other communities Aklavik has a large number of both First Nations , 33.9%, and Inuit , 53.4%, along with a small number of Métis , 4.2%, and non-Aboriginal, 8.5%. From 2006 to 2014 there were 94 births and 42 deaths in the community. In 2017, 14% of residents were 9 or under, 6.9% were from 10 to 14 years old, 14.2% were from 15 to 24, 30.9% were from 25 to 44, 20% were from 45 to 59, and 14% were 60 or older. At

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516-578: Is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients . Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays. Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice , run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean

559-407: Is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries , some of which integrate traditional medicine . In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice. The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance,

602-532: The Nunamiut , Inupiat people who migrated from Alaska in the early 20th century. Although at first antagonistic with the local Siglit , the peoples later intermarried. The Siglit suffered high mortality from new infectious diseases. They speak Uummarmiutun , which is almost identical to Inupiaq language , but is grouped with Inuvialuktun . The Gwich'in, a First Nations people, are an Arctic -dwelling Dene people who inhabit parts of Alaska, and Yukon and

645-653: The "Mad Trapper of Rat River", moved into the area. A complaint was made to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) post in Aklavik and the two members attempted, unsuccessfully, to talk with him concerning trapline tampering. A few days later, after gaining a search warrant , they tried again to talk with him, but Johnson fatally shot one of the RCMP and fled. A 42-day manhunt began, ending with Johnson's death. These events are considered to have been

688-504: The 1950s the community had developed to more than 1,600 people. However, the Peel Channel was subject to flooding, and the river banks were being washed away. Due to the flooding, the Federal Government built a new community at what is now Inuvik , and intended to close Aklavik. In the 1960s, the principal of Aklavik's school, A. J. (Moose) Kerr, started a committee to help save the community. The efforts were successful and

731-421: The 2016 census the median age in Aklavik was 31.8, compared to 34.0 for the NWT and 41.2 for Canada as a whole. The crime rate for 2016 was 70.9 (per 1,000 persons) for violent crimes , and 200.9 (per 1,000 persons) for property crimes, both numbers below the average for the NWT of 78.4 and 206.6. In 2015 the average income in the hamlet was C$ 33,826, compared to $ 61,909 for the NWT, and the average income for

774-568: The 3,110 Inuvialuit speak any form of Inuktitut, and 550 (18%) use it at home. Considering the large number of non-Inuit living in Inuvialuit areas and the lack of a single common dialect among the already reduced number of speakers, the future of the Inuit language in the NWT appears bleak. Before the 20th century, the Inuvialuit Settlement Region was primarily inhabited by Siglit Inuit, who spoke Siglitun, but in

817-573: The Canadian and Greenlandic dialects. Inuvialuktun and Inuinnaqtun are written in a Latin alphabet and have no tradition of Inuktitut syllabics . However, the dialects spoken in Nunavut, east of the Inuinnaqtun region use syllabics . The Inuvialuktun dialects are seriously endangered, as English has in recent years become the common language of the community. Surveys of Inuktitut usage in

860-628: The NWT in Canada. They speak the Gwichʼin language , which is part of the Athabaskan language family . Both Inuvialuktun and Gwichʼin are official languages of the NWT, and in 2009 19.2% of the Aboriginal population spoke at least one Native language. Aklavik has a subarctic climate ( Dfc ), typical of Canada's Arctic , with mild summers and cold winters lasting most of the year with highs regularly below zero. Freezing can occur at any time of

903-543: The NWT vary, but all agree that usage is not vigorous. According to the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre , only 10% of the roughly 4,000 Inuvialuit speak any form of Inuktitut, and only 4% use it at home. Statistics Canada 's 2001 Census report is only slightly better, reporting 765 self-identified Inuktitut speakers out of a self-reported Inuvialuit population of 3,905. Considering the large number of non-Inuit living in Inuvialuit areas and

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946-515: The catalyst for introducing the airplane and communications radio as tools to help track a person. Museums dedicated to Albert Johnson can be found in Aklavik and in Fort Smith. In December 1946, radio station "CHAK" went on the air at Aklavik. The AK in the call sign was the first and last letters of the location. Built and initially operated by WO2 R.A. (Red) McLeod of the RC Sigs, the station

989-424: The coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases. A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from

1032-643: The community has survived. The local school is named for him. The community has a school with approximately 150 students from Kindergarten to Grade 12 (K-12). Aurora College provides adult education at the Community Learning Centre. There are three general stores : the Aklavik General Store, Stantons, and the Northern Store operated by The North West Company . The community has a three-person RCMP detachment,

1075-506: The countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine; and in many countries across Asia and Africa. In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-). Recent Russian governments have attempted to replace

1118-414: The country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas. Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators. Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in

1161-587: The dialect of the Uummarmiut which is essentially identical to the Inupiatun dialect spoken in Alaska and so considered an Inupiat language, has conventionally been grouped with Inuvialuktun because it's spoken in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region of the NWT. Uummarmiutun is found in the communities of Inuvik and Aklavik . Clinic A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic )

1204-401: The eleven official languages of the Northwest Territories. Inuinnaqtun is also official alongside Inuktitut in Nunavut. The Inuvialuktun dialects are seriously endangered , as English has in recent years become the common language of the community. Surveys of Inuktitut usage in the NWT vary, but all agree that usage is not vigorous. According to Statistics Canada 's 2016 Census 680 (22%) of

1247-502: The general population, NWT&Y also provided communication for any aircraft that overflew the site, with or without radio. An aircraft without radio that was passing over one of these stations and not planning to land, would fly very low over the station so that it could be identified and the date and time of its passing could be recorded. The call sign for the NWT&;Y station in Aklavik was VEF. In 1931, Albert Johnson , also known as

1290-476: The government developed Inuvik 63 km (39 mi) to the east. It was meant to entirely replace Aklavik, but many of the residents of the original community persevered and kept Aklavik going. Its 2018 population was 623. The hamlet's mayor is Andrew Charlie. Aklavik began to develop in the early 1900s after the Hudson's Bay Company opened a trading post in 1912. The Roman Catholic Church later established

1333-446: The lack of a single common dialect among the already reduced number of speakers, the future of the Inuit language in the NWT appears bleak. From east to west, the dialects are: The Inuvialuk dialects spoken in Nunavut (that is, Iglulingmiut, Aivilingmiutut, Kivallirmiutut, and eastern Natsilingmiutut) are often counted as Inuktitut, and the government of the NWT only recognizes Inuinnaqtun and Inuvialuktun. In addition, Uummarmiutun ,

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1376-573: The medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers .) Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China , for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011. Health care in India , China , Russia and Africa

1419-400: The need arises. Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals. Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals. Besides GPs, if a clinic is

1462-555: The policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed. In the Czech Republic , many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building. India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of

1505-528: The politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection. People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns. When new settlements that sprang up along

1548-445: The remote villages. Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be

1591-425: The second half of the 19th century, their numbers were dramatically reduced by the introduction of new diseases. Inuit from Alaska moved into traditionally Siglit areas in the 1910s and 1920s, enticed in part by renewed demand for furs from the Hudson's Bay Company . These Inuit are called Uummarmiut – which means people of the green trees – in reference to their settlements near the tree line . Originally, there

1634-742: The streams of the Mackenzie Delta . When the river is open, usually June to September, the Aklavik Water Aerodrome is available for float planes . Aklavik is one of the few places in the NWT to be included within two different land claims areas, being part of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and the Gwich'in Settlement Region. The Inuvialuit , whose claim, the Inuvialuit Final Agreement

1677-449: The word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed". Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners . Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists , and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside

1720-420: The year. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Aklavik had a population of 536 living in 216 of its 274 total private dwellings, a change of -9.2% from its 2016 population of 590 . With a land area of 12.29 km (4.75 sq mi), it had a population density of 43.6/km (113.0/sq mi) in 2021. Like most other NWT communities the majority of the population, 93.2%,

1763-596: Was a voluntary operation serving the Mackenzie River delta. It initially had 30 watts of power, later upgraded to 100 watts, and operated on 1490 kHz. It received its license in 1947. In 1949, the Royal Canadian Navy established a signals intelligence station in Aklavik. It remained operational until March 1961. After it closed down, operations were moved to a newly built station in Inuvik. By

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1806-619: Was an intense dislike between the Siglit and the Uummarmiut, but these differences have faded over the years, and the two communities are thoroughly intermixed these days. The phonology of Inuvialuktun and other Inuit languages can be found at Inuit phonology . Most Inuit languages have fifteen consonants and three vowel qualities (with phonemic length distinctions for each). Although Inupiatun and Qawiaraq have retroflex consonants , retroflexes have otherwise disappeared in all

1849-1075: Was settled in 1984, are represented by the Aklavik Community Corporation. It forms part of the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation. The Gwich'in of Aklavik are covered under the Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement , signed in 1992, and are represented by the Ehdiitat Gwich'in Council, as well as the Aklavik First Nation . The Ehdiitat Gwich'in Council in turn forms part of the Gwich'in Tribal Council. The Inuvialuit of Aklavik, an Inuit , are primarily Uummarmiut . They are descendants of

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