Aleksandr Pavlovich Min ( Russian : Александр Павлович Мин ; 1915 – 9 July 1944) was an officer in the Red Army and the first Korean awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union .
35-795: Min was born in December 1915 to a Korean peasant family in Chersan-Don. After completing his tenth grade of secondary school in 1932 he went on to attend the Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok , which he studied at from 1933 to 1937 before becoming a Russian language teacher on Putyatin Island . That very year, he and his family were deported to Kazakhstan by the Soviet government because they were Korean . As
70-784: A "special settler", he had few civil rights compared to other Soviet citizens. In exile he worked as an accountant and attended the Saratov Economic Institute. He was drafted into the Red Army in May 1941, shortly before the German invasion of the Soviet Union. After graduating from the Ryazan Infantry School, Min was assigned to a construction battalion with the rank of private; there he participated in
105-656: A classical face-to-face program. In 1999 it became one of the first online dual degree programs in Russia. By October 2003, 265 FEFU students graduated from UMUC with bachelor's degrees in Business and Management, along with their Russian university degrees. Since 1999, UMUC accepts 90 FEFU credits of 120 credits total, required for the undergraduate degree , and offers ten online courses for the remaining 30 credits. Another dual degree program with University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Australia, started in 2001. USQ participates in
140-545: A number of such programs, but FENU was its first Russian university affiliate. Japan Campus of Foreign Universities Far Eastern Republic The Far Eastern Republic ( Russian : Дальневосточная Республика , romanized : Dal'nevostochnaya Respublika , IPA: [dəlʲnʲɪvɐˈstotɕnəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə] ; ДВР , DVR ), sometimes called the Chita Republic ( Читинская Республика , Chitinskaya Respublika , [tɕɪˈtʲɪnskəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə] ),
175-616: Is a public university in Vladivostok , Primorsky Krai , Russia. In 2023 the university was ranked #434 by QS World University Rankings and among the 100 best universities by Forbes. FEFU was established in 1899 during the Russian Empire era by a special order of Tsar Nicholas II as the Eastern Institute ( Восточный институт ) as a higher education institution specializing in oriental studies and training for administrative, commercial and industrial institutions in
210-615: Is on the study of the Russian language. Students also study Russian economics, history, literature and geography. The Hakodate branch, however, is set to close in 2025 due to declining enrollment following the war against Ukraine in 2022 . FEFU offers international programs combining Internet and face-to-face modes of learning. However, with the war Russia launched against Ukraine in 2022 , many of these partnerships are now paused or closed. A dual degree program with University of Maryland University College (UMUC), USA, started in 1991 as
245-666: The Battle of Moscow . In fall 1942 he became a junior lieutenant, and was assigned to the 1st battalion of the 605th Rifle Regiment as an adjutant. In the fall of 1942, he graduated from the courses for junior lieutenants at the 13th Army of the Bryansk Front . He served as adjutant of the 1st Rifle Battalion of the 605th Rifle Regiment of the 132nd Rifle Division. His actions during the battle of Kursk were noticed by senior officers, who praised him for his bravery in repelling four German counterattacks on 5 July 1943. For doing so he
280-680: The Far East . The main goal of the university was to train personnel for administrative, commercial and industrial institutions in the East Asian part of Russia and adjacent states. The main courses were the languages: Chinese, Japanese, Manchu, Korean and Mongolian, history and political organization of the Eastern states, jurisprudence etc. The university was reformed into State Far Eastern University ( Государственный дальневосточный университет ) by Far Eastern Republic authorities in 1920 during
315-664: The Russian Civil War , until it was closed in the 1930s under Joseph Stalin . It was reinstated in 1956 as Far Eastern State University by the Council of Ministers of the USSR , two years after Nikita Khrushchev visited Vladivostok. In 2000, its English name was changed to Far Eastern National University; however, the name in Russian remained unchanged and references to the university under its old name were common. In 2008,
350-721: The Russky Island area of Vladivostok after its buildings hosted the 2012 APEC summit . The campus serves FEFU's 41,000 students, and hosts the annual Eastern Economic Forum . FEFU is a participant of the Project 5-100 state program of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science . Far Eastern Federal University consists of: In 2023 the university was ranked #1,578 in Best Global Universities by U.S. News & World Report , and in 2023 it
385-787: The 104th Balagansk Rifle Brigade was reorganized into the 1st Transbaikal Rifle Division of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic. The division defended the border with Manchuria from its formation, and between 4 and 25 October took part in the Primorsky operation to defeat the Zemskaya Rat , the last remnants of the Whites in the Far East. During the operation, the 1st Transbaikal Rifle Division fought in
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#1732772825152420-783: The Far Eastern Republic merged with the RSFSR. The Far Eastern Republic was established in the later stages of the Russian Civil War. During the Civil War local authorities generally controlled the towns and cities of the Russian Far East, cooperating to a greater or lesser extent with the White Siberian government of Alexander Kolchak and with the succeeding invading forces of the Japanese Army. When
455-503: The Far Eastern Republic was reckoned at approximately 730,000 square miles (1,900,000 km ) and its population at about 3.5 million people. Of these an estimated 1.62 million were ethnic Russians and just over 1 million were of Asian extraction, with family lineages originating in China, Japan, Mongolia, and Korea . The Far Eastern Republic was an area of substantial mineral wealth, including territory which produced about one-third of
490-603: The Japanese evacuated the Trans-Baikal and Amur oblasts in the spring of 1920, a political vacuum resulted. A new central authority was established at Chita to govern the Far Eastern Republic remaining in the Japanese wake. The Far Eastern Republic was established comprising only the area around Verkhneudinsk , but during the summer of 1920, the Soviet government of the Amur territory agreed to join. The Far Eastern Republic
525-734: The Merkulov brothers and named a Russian general who had served with the Czechoslovak Legion , M.K. Dieterichs , as military dictator . With the Japanese exiting the country throughout the summer of 1922, panic swept through the White Russian insurgents. As the Red Army, thinly disguised as the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic [ ru ] , moved eastwards, thousands of Russians, including Dieterichs and his remaining troops, fled abroad to escape
560-467: The Priamur attempted—with little success—to rally the various anti-Bolshevik forces to its banner. Its leaders, two Vladivostok businessmen—the brothers Spiridon Merkulov and Nikolai Merkulov [ ru ] —found themselves left isolated when the Japanese Army announced on 24 June 1922 that it would remove all of its troops from Siberia by the end of October. A July 1922 Zemsky sobor deposed
595-643: The approximately 70,000 Japanese and 12,000 American troops might regard such an action as a provocation, which might spur a further attack that the Soviet Republic could ill afford. On 1 April 1920, the American Expeditionary Force, Siberia headed by General William S. Graves departed Siberia, leaving the Japanese the sole occupying power in the region with whom the Bolsheviks were forced to deal. This detail did not change
630-513: The basic equation for the Bolshevik government in Moscow, however, which continued to see the establishment of a Far Eastern Republic as a sort of Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in the east, providing the regime with a necessary breathing space that would allow it to recover economically and militarily. On 6 April 1920, a hastily convened Constituent Assembly gathered at Verkhneudinsk and proclaimed
665-509: The capture of Grodekovo , Nikolsk-Ussuriysky , and Vladivostok . The 5th Army (fourth formation) was created by order of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR of November 16, 1922 by renaming the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic. The 1st Transbaikal Rifle Division came under its command. It was based at Vladivostok . In honor of its defeat of White troops on
700-575: The entire Russian output of gold as well as that country's only source of domestically produced tin . Other mineral reserves of the Far Eastern Republic included zinc , iron , and coal . The fishing industry of the former Maritime Province was substantial, with a total catch exceeding that of Iceland and featuring ample stocks of herring , salmon , and sturgeon . The Republic also boasted extensive forestry resources, including over 120 million acres (490,000 km ) of harvestable pine , fir , cedar , poplar , and birch . Оn 20 July 1922,
735-488: The establishment of the Far Eastern Republic. Promises were made that the republic's new constitution would guarantee free elections under the principles of universal, direct, and equal suffrage and that foreign investment in the country would be encouraged. The Far Eastern Republic, controlled by moderate socialists, was only grudgingly recognized by the various cities of the region towards the end of 1920. Violence, atrocities, and reprisals continued to erupt periodically for
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#1732772825152770-540: The former Russian empire —Trans-Baikal, Amur, the Maritime Province, and the northern half of Sakhalin island . Primarily, it represented the boundaries of the regions of Transbaikal and Outer Manchuria . The frontiers of the short-lived nation followed the western coastline of Lake Baikal along the northern borders of Mongolia and Manchuria to the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk . The total area of
805-796: The idea of a fledgling democratic republic in the Russian Far East. On 26 May 1921 a White coup took place in Vladivostok, backed by Japanese occupying forces . A cordon sanitaire of Japanese troops protected the insurgents, who established a new régime, the Provisional Government of the Priamur , in the Primorskaya Oblast . Shortly after the coup, Kolchak's designated successor, Ataman Semenov , arrived in Vladivostok and attempted to proclaim himself commander-in-chief—an effort which failed when his Japanese benefactors forsook him. The new Provisional Government of
840-419: The new régime. The army of the Far Eastern Republic retook Vladivostok on 25 October 1922, effectively bringing the Russian Civil War to a close. With the Civil War finally over, Soviet Russia absorbed the Far Eastern Republic on 15 November 1922. The government of the Far Eastern Republic dissolved itself and transferred all its authority and territory to the Bolshevik government in Moscow. Japan retained
875-588: The next 18 months. One such example occurred at the Korean enclave Shinhanchon , where Korean civilians were massacred by Japanese soldiers. Japan agreed to recognize the new buffer state in a truce with the Red Army signed on 15 July 1920, effectively abandoning Ataman Grigory Semenov and his Russia Eastern Outskirts . By October Semenov had been expelled from his base of operations in Chita. With Semenov out of
910-574: The northern half of Sakhalin Island until 1925, ostensibly as compensation for Nikolayevsk incident - the massacre of about 700 Japanese civilians and soldiers at Nikolaevsk-na-Amure in May-June 1920. This "compensatory" motive for holding the territory belied the fact that Japanese retaliation for the actions of Russian partisans had taken between two and three times as many Russian lives . The Far Eastern Republic consisted of four provinces of
945-633: The picture, the capital of the Far Eastern Republic moved to that city. On 11 November 1920 a provisional national assembly for the Far East met in Vladivostok . The gathering recognized the government at Chita and set 9 January 1921 as the date for new elections for the Constituent Assembly of the Far Eastern Republic. A new constitution closely resembling the United States Constitution was written and approved on 27 April 1921. However, right-wing elements rejected
980-661: The successful take over the Ukrainian village of Stary Koshary in Kovel on 4-5 July 1944. However, he was killed in action just a few days later while breaking through a heavily fortified area in Pariduby. He was posthumously declared a Hero of the Soviet Union on 24 March 1945, making him the first Korean awarded the title. He is buried in a mass grave at the village of Lukiv in Turiisk Raion , Volyn Oblast . A bust of Min
1015-597: The university was reformed again by presidential decree into its current form, officially changing the name to Far Eastern Federal University and a new purpose-built campus planned. The university was merged with the Far Eastern State Technical University (FESTU), Pacific State University of Economics (TSUE) and the Ussuriysk State Pedagogical Institute (USPI). In 2013, FEFU opened a new campus in
1050-614: Was Alexander Krasnoshchyokov . The Far Eastern Republic occupied the territory of modern Zabaykalsky Krai , Amur Oblast , the Jewish Autonomous Oblast , Khabarovsk Krai , and Primorsky Krai of Russia (the former Transbaikal and Amur oblasts and Primorsky krai ). Its capital was established at Verkhneudinsk (now Ulan-Ude), but in October 1920 it moved to Chita . The Red Army occupied Vladivostok on 25 October 1922. Three weeks later, on 15 November 1922,
1085-592: Was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East . Although nominally independent, it largely came under the control of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), which envisaged it as a buffer state between the RSFSR and the territories occupied by Japan during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. Its first president
Aleksandr Min - Misplaced Pages Continue
1120-712: Was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the first of his many military awards. In January 1944, Min was appointed battalion commander of the 605th Infantry Regiment of the 132nd Infantry Division of the 65th Army of the 1st Belorussian Front , and that year he was accepted into the Communist Party as well as promoted to captain. He distinguished himself in the battles for the Volyn region . Min again distinguished himself for bravery after he repelled five counterattacks, enabling
1155-569: Was formed two months after Kolchak's death with the tacit support of the government of Soviet Russia, which saw it as a temporary buffer state between the RSFSR and the territories occupied by Japan . Many members of the Russian Communist Party had disagreed with the decision to allow a new government in the region, believing that their approximately 4,000 members were capable of seizing power in their own right. However, Vladimir Lenin and other party leaders in Moscow felt that
1190-957: Was installed near the building of a secondary school in the village of Buryl in Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan . His name is also carved in the list of fellow countrymen from Puyatin , Fokino in Primorsky Krai , who gave up their lives during World War II. On September 5, 2007, a memorial plaque in honor of Min was installed on the building of secondary school No#254 in Putyatin Island . The school also collects materials and conducts lessons on Min. In Uzbekistan , streets in Tashkent and Akkurgan are also named after Min. Far Eastern Federal University Far Eastern Federal University ( Russian : Дальневосто́чный федера́льный университе́т , Dalnevostochny federalny universitet )
1225-493: Was ranked #1,880 by Center for World University Rankings . According to QS World University Rankings of 2023, Far Eastern Federal University ranks #15 in Russia and #434 in the world. The University has a branch in Hakodate ( Japan ). The official name of the school is Hakodate School of Far Eastern Federal University. It was opened in 1994 with the assistance of the city of Hakodate and public organizations. The main focus
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