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57-617: The executive of the Allegheny County Sheriff's Office is the Sheriff , currently Kevin M. Kraus , and is an elected position. The office consists of a number of divisions: The Sheriff's Office also has a number of deputies assigned unique positions such as Evidence Management and Crime Prevention. It maintains a Canine Unit consisting of two dual-purpose bomb dogs, one dual-purpose drug dog and one single purpose tracking dog. This unit operates with no budget allocation and

114-400: A shire or county on behalf of the king. The term is a contraction of " shire reeve " ( Old English scīrgerefa ). The sheriff had a series of duties that included keeping the peace and providing men at arms to support the king in times of strife. Another important duty was the collection of taxes on behalf of the crown. This process involved each division of the county (known as

171-585: A Motorcycle Unit. Each motorcycle is owned and maintained by the deputy at personal cost. The General Reserve Division consists of volunteers interested in community service. These members are not sworn and do not have powers of arrest, but support the Sheriff in community engagement . The first sheriff to be elected in Allegheny County was James Morrison, who took office in January 1789, soon after

228-455: A US sheriff, consisting of the duties of civilian as well as criminal peace officers. The lensmann was directly subordinate to the fylkesmann (county governor) until 1994, when the office became subordinate to the local chief of police ( politimester ). In 2000, a lot of civilian duties were transferred to the regular police ( politi ), and much of the difference between the politi and lensmann disappeared. The office

285-577: A review of the role of sheriffs in state work. Under section 12(5) of the Court Officers Act 1945, an appointee for sheriff must be either: Among cities in India , only Mumbai (Bombay), Kolkata (Calcutta) and Chennai (Madras), the three former British presidencies, have had sheriffs. First established in the 18th century based on the English high sheriffs, they were the executive arm of

342-474: A sheriff may be restricted to civil procedure enforcement duties, while in other counties, the sheriff may serve as the principal police force and have jurisdiction over all of the county's municipalities , including those that maintain their own municipal police departments. A sheriff often administers the county jails and is responsible for court security functions within their jurisdiction. The office of sheriff as county official in colonial North America

399-609: A sheriff sitting in summary proceedings. In the Republic of Ireland, a sheriff ( Irish : sirriam ) is appointed under section 12(3) of the Court Officers Act 1945, to perform some of the functions that would otherwise be performed by the county registrar . In practice, two types of sheriff have been appointed: Four sheriffs (one each for Dublin city , County Dublin , Cork city , and County Cork ) are full-time public officials whose responsibilities are: Fourteen sheriffs, colloquially called "Revenue sheriffs", have only

456-651: A sheriffs service. In most of Canada, sheriffs are almost exclusively concerned with courtroom security, post-arrest offender transfer, the serving of legal processes, and the execution of civil judgments. Regardless of their exact duties, sheriffs, sheriff's deputies, and sheriffs officers are considered under "peace officers" in the Criminal Code . The Alberta Sheriffs Branch is responsible for courtroom and legislative security, offender transport, commercial vehicle safety and enforcement, and fish and wildlife enforcement. In addition to this uniquely broad mandate,

513-552: Is 12 months imprisonment , or a fine of up to £10,000. In solemn proceedings the maximum sentence is 5 years imprisonment, or an unlimited fine. Sheriffs also preside over fatal accident inquiries which are convened to examine the circumstances around sudden or suspicious deaths, including those who die in the course of employment, in custody , or in secure accommodation. Summary sheriffs hear civil cases brought under Simple Procedure and criminal cases brought under summary proceedings. Their sentencing powers are identical to

570-411: Is considered part of the U.S. Attorney’s public corruption initiative. In May 2018, Deputy Donald Modrick was charged with theft , unsworn falsification and obstructing the administration of law after stealing $ 10,000 from a defendant. Modrick allegedly collected money without following any procedure and had checks written out in his name, which he then cashed for personal use. He was terminated by

627-675: Is documented as early as 1180. This exchequer had broader jurisdiction than the English exchequer, dealing in both fiscal and administrative matters. The Dialogue concerning the Exchequer presents it as a general belief that the Norman kings established the Exchequer in England on the loose model of the Norman exchequer, while noting with some doubt an alternative view that the Exchequer existed in Anglo-Saxon times. The specific chronology of

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684-556: Is funded by public donations. The Sheriff's Reserve consists of two elements, the Uniform Division and the General Reserve. The Uniform Division is primarily responsible for crowd control services at carnivals, festivals, parades and other special events, as well as security and traffic control as directed. Deputies are sworn, carry firearms and complete an educational program. The Uniform Division also includes

741-417: Is now called politistasjonssjef (police station chief), or in some places politiavdelingssjef (police unit chief). Because the police has taken over most typical 'sheriffs' duties from the year 2000 onwards, there is no longer a difference between the former rank of a "sheriff's deputy" ( lensmannsbetjent ) and that of a regular police officer ( politibetjent ). The lensmann has been elected by

798-515: Is recorded from the 1640s. In the modern United States, the scope of a sheriff varies across states and counties (which in Louisiana are called "parishes" and in Alaska "boroughs"). In South Africa, the sheriffs are officers of the court and function as the executive arm of the court. They are responsible for serving court processes like summonses and subpoenas. They play an important role in

855-564: Is responsible for courtroom security and offender transport. The issuance of court orders is the responsibility of court bailiffs. These services are contracted out to private civil law enforcement firms. The Office of the High Sheriff of Newfoundland and Labrador provides protection and enforcement duties in support of the provincial, supreme, and appeal courts in the province. The sheriffs also assists local law enforcement agencies with additional resources to ensure public safety under

912-547: Is the responsibility of armed provincial special constables , while offender transport is the responsibility of the province's correction service. The sheriff is most often an elected county official who serves as the chief civilian law enforcement officer of their jurisdiction. The sheriff enforces court orders and mandates and may perform duties such as evictions , seizing property and assets pursuant to court orders, and serving warrants and legal papers . In some counties where urban areas have their own police departments ,

969-847: The Consolidated Fund . The term is used in various financial documents, including the latest departmental and agency annual accounts. Historically, it was the name of a British government department responsible for the collection and the management of taxes and revenues, making payments on behalf of the sovereign, and auditing official accounts. It also developed a judicial role along with its accountancy responsibilities and tried legal cases relating to revenue. Similar offices were later created in Normandy around 1180, in Scotland around 1200 and in Ireland in 1210. The Exchequer

1026-797: The Icelandic Commonwealth and the Kingdom of Norway . The agreement which was ratified between 1262 and 1264 makes the post of sheriff the oldest secular position of government still operating in Iceland. Exchequer In the civil service of the United Kingdom , His Majesty's Exchequer , or just the Exchequer , is the accounting process of central government and the government's current account (i.e., money held from taxation and other government revenues ) in

1083-466: The Norman Conquest . However, in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the role evolved over the centuries. In modern times the sheriff or high sheriff is a ceremonial county or city official. Some commercial organisations use the term to refer to High Court enforcement officers , who were known as sheriff's officers prior to 2004. In Scotland the sheriff is a judicial office holder in

1140-679: The Standards Department of the Board of Trade took over metrological responsibilities and audit functions were combined with those of the Commissioners for auditing the Public Accounts under the new post of Comptroller and Auditor General . The name continued as the Exchequer and Audit Department from 1866 until 1983 when the new National Audit Office was created. In modern times, "Exchequer" has come to mean

1197-745: The Superior Exchequer , a court of equity and revenue akin to the Exchequer of Pleas, and the Inferior Exchequer . The latter were the treasurers who handled all logistics from collecting the money (Teller or Cashier), logging it (Clerk of the Pells) and signing money orders accepting or paying money. It was managed by its own Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland and Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer . The Court of Exchequer (Ireland) existed from about 1299 to 1877. It

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1254-456: The Treasury and, colloquially, pecuniary possessions in general; as in "the company's exchequer is low". The Scottish Exchequer dates to around 1200, with a similar role in auditing and royal revenues as in England. The Scottish Exchequer was slower to develop a separate judicial role; and it was not until 1584 that it became a court of law, separate from the king's council. Even then,

1311-402: The hundred ) paying geld (a form of land tax). To assess how much people had to pay, a clerk and a knight were sent by the king to each county . They sat with the sheriff of the county and with a select group of local knights (two knights from each hundred). After it was determined what geld was to be paid, the knights of the hundred and the bailiff of the hundred were responsible for getting

1368-431: The municipal council since the year 1293 , but was nominated by the sysselmann , the appointed governor. In Iceland , sýslumenn (singular sýslumaður , translated "sheriff") are administrators of the state , holders of the executive power in their jurisdiction and heads of their Sheriff's Office. Sheriffs are in charge of certain legal matters that typically involve registration of some sort and executing

1425-554: The sheriff courts , and they are members of the judiciary of Scotland . The most senior sheriffs are the sheriffs principal , who have administrative as well as judicial authority in the six sheriffdoms , and are responsible for the effective running and administration of all the sheriff courts in their jurisdiction. Sheriffs principal also sit as appeal sheriffs in the Sheriff Appeal Court ; hearing appeals against sentencing and conviction from summary trials in

1482-484: The 1600s, goldsmiths would deposit their reserve of treasure with the Exchequer, sanctioned by the government. Charles II "shut up" the Exchequer in 1672, forbidding payments from it, in what Walter Bagehot described as "one of those monstrous frauds... this monstrous robbery". This ruined the goldsmiths and the credit of the Stuart government, which would never recover it. In 1694, the credit of William III 's government

1539-629: The 1922 creation of the Irish Free State , Irish law regarding sheriffs mirrored that of England, latterly with each administrative county and county borough having a ceremonial high sheriff and functional under-sheriffs responsible for enforcing court orders of the county court or quarter sessions . The Courts of Justice Act 1924 replaced these courts with a new circuit court. The Court Officers Act 1926 formally abolished high sheriffs and phased out under-sheriffs by providing that, as each retired, his functions would be transferred to

1596-623: The 23rd year of the reign of Henry II which is the date of the Dialogue concerning the Exchequer , the Exchequer was split into two components: the purely administrative Exchequer of Receipt , which collected revenue, and the Exchequer of Pleas , a law court concerned with the King's revenue. Appeals were to the Court of Exchequer Chamber . Following the proclamation of Magna Carta , legislation

1653-585: The Branch operates a highway patrol, which supplements local and RCMP policing on provincial highways. In 2019, sheriffs began to respond to 9-1-1 calls in rural areas to assist the RCMP and local police services in responding to rural crime concerns. In 2023, the province piloted a program that saw sheriffs patrol alongside municipal police officers in Calgary and Edmonton . The British Columbia Sheriff Service

1710-545: The Exchequer, and some taxes and levies were never recorded in the Pipe Rolls. Under Henry I, a procedure adopted for the audit involved the treasurer drawing up a summons to be sent to each sheriff , who was required to answer with an account of the income in his shire both from royal demesne lands and from the county farm (a form of local taxation). The chancellor of the Exchequer then questioned him concerning debts owed by private individuals. By 1176,

1767-484: The Exchequer, with some functions moved to other departments. The Exchequer became unnecessary as a revenue collecting department in 1834 with the reforms of Prime Minister William Pitt , who also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer. The government departments collecting revenue then paid it directly to the Bank of England , with all money previously paid to the Exchequer being credited to the Consolidated Fund . In 1866,

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1824-511: The Sheriff's Office. Since the establishment of the office, seven members have died in the line of duty. Sheriff A sheriff is a government official , with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in Iceland , the sýslumaður , which is commonly translated to English as sheriff . In British English ,

1881-702: The United States gained independence from Great Britain in the Revolutionary War. In July 2018, clerk Erika Romanowski was charged with federal obstruction of justice and making false statements to federal investigators. She was alleged to have disclosed sensitive law enforcement information to two "personal associates" who were targets of a federal investigation into a large-scale, drug trafficking organization. Romanowski also allegedly lied to Federal Bureau of Investigation agents when questioned, and harmed their ongoing investigation. Her prosecution

1938-488: The county registrar, established by the 1926 act as an officer of the circuit court. When the Dublin city under-sheriff retired in 1945, the city registrar was too overworked with other responsibilities to take over his duties, so the Court Officers Act 1945 was passed to allow a new office of sheriff to take over some or all of the under-sheriff's functions. The four Dublin and Cork sheriffs were soon appointed, with much of

1995-487: The court, such as in jury selection, debt collection and evictions. Courtroom security and offender transport services are provided by local police services or, where none exists, the Ontario Provincial Police . Sheriffs ( shérifs ) are responsible for the jury selection process. They handle court orders, orders, and writs while they are involved in seizure and sale of property. Court security

2052-692: The courts. Sheriffs execute process without attempting to determine their validity. A sheriff's office exists in most Australian states and territories , with various duties. Sheriffs in New Zealand are officers of the Superior Courts and function as the executive arm of these courts. The role of sheriff is automatically given to anyone who has gained the position of Registrar of the High Court. Every province and territory in Canada operates

2109-593: The execution of court orders like the attachments of immovable and movable property; evictions, demolitions etc. The Sheriffs Act 90 of 1986, which came into operation on 1 March 1990, governs the profession. A sheriff is appointed by the Minister for Justice and Constitutional Development in terms of Section 2 of the Act. In Norway until 2021 there was the office of lensmann , which in their mostly rural police districts had functions similar to those of

2166-498: The interest earned on such monies and, to compensate, increasing their retainer . Through to the 1990s the sheriff's post was in the gift of the minister for justice , but by the 2010s it was advertised by the Public Appointments Service . A 1988 Law Reform Commission report made recommendations for updating the 1926 law on sheriffs; as of 2023 few of these had been implemented, and the government began

2223-703: The judicial and the administrative roles were never completely separated as with the English Exchequer. In 1707, the Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act 1707 ( 6 Ann. c. 53) reconstituted the Exchequer into a law court on the English model, with a lord chief baron and four barons. The court adopted English forms of procedure and had further powers added. This was done in Section 19 of the Act of Union 1707 From 1832, no new barons were appointed; their role

2280-457: The judiciary, responsible for assembling jurors, bringing people to trial, supervising the gaoling (imprisonment) of prisoners and seizing and selling property. After the mid-19th century the responsibilities and powers of the role were reduced and the positions became ceremonial. The sheriffs of Mumbai and Kolkata still exist, although the post in Chennai was abolished in 1998. In present times

2337-457: The majority of civil and criminal court cases in Scotland, with the power to preside in solemn proceedings with a jury of 15 for indictable offences and sitting alone in summary proceedings for summary offences . A sheriff must be legally qualified , and have been qualified as an advocate or solicitor for at least 10 years. The maximum sentencing power of sheriff in summary proceedings

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2394-460: The money to the sheriff, and the sheriff was responsible for getting the money to the Exchequer . Sheriffs loyal to certain nobles could and did sabotage the careers of knights against whom they, or a noble they were loyal to, bore a grudge. Groups of sheriffs with significant connections had more de facto power in the legal system than most English knights, despite their lack of land. The term and duties were preserved in England even after

2451-480: The orders of the court. The duties of the sheriffs differ slightly depending on their jurisdiction but they can be broadly categorised as: There are 24 sheriffs and sheriff jurisdictions in Iceland. The jurisdictions are not defined by the administrative divisions of Iceland but are mainly a mixture of counties and municipalities . The post of sheriff was mandated by the Old Covenant , an agreement between

2508-409: The political or legal office of a sheriff, term of office of a sheriff, or jurisdiction of a sheriff, is called a shrievalty in England and Wales, and a sheriffdom in Scotland. In modern times, the specific combination of legal, political and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country. The Old English term designated a royal official, a reeve, responsible for managing

2565-559: The provincial Emergency Preparedness Program. In Nova Scotia, the Nova Scotia Sheriff Services focuses on the safety and security of the judiciary, court staff, the public, and persons in custody. There are local sheriffs for every county in Nova Scotia, numbering over 200 in total. They work with up to 20,000 inmates and travel over 2 million kilometres in a year. Sheriffs are responsible for: court security;

2622-542: The resemblance of the table to a chess board (French: échiquier ) as it was covered by a black cloth bearing green stripes of about the breadth of a human hand in a chequer-pattern . The spaces represented pounds, shillings and pence. The term Exchequer then came to refer to the twice-yearly meetings held at Easter and Michaelmas , at which government financial business was transacted and an audit held of sheriffs ' returns. The operation of an exchequer in Normandy

2679-531: The sheriff courts and justice of the peace courts . The additional duties of a sheriff principal include being Commissioners of the Northern Lighthouse Board (which is the general lighthouse authority for Scotland), and chairing local criminal justice boards which bring together local representatives of procurator fiscal , Police Scotland and Community Justice Scotland , and Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service . Sheriffs deal with

2736-490: The sheriff has an apolitical, non-executive role, presides over various city-related functions and conferences and welcomes foreign guests. The post is second to the mayor in the protocol list. In the Philippines , a former colony of the United States, the office of sheriff also exists. The duties of a sheriff are to primarily serve all writs, execute all processes, and carry into effect all decisions and orders issued by

2793-592: The third of the preceding functions, the others being done by the county registrar's office. Revenue sheriffs are solicitors in private practice. Each covers a Bailiwick , which consist of one or more of the state's remaining counties . The Bailiwicks are grouped by counties as follows: Carlow and Kildare ; Cavan , Leitrim , Longford and Monaghan ; Clare and Limerick ; Donegal ; Galway ; Kerry ; Kilkenny and Waterford ; Laois , Offaly and Tipperary ; Louth , Meath and Westmeath ; Mayo ; Roscommon and Sligo ; and Wexford and Wicklow . Prior to

2850-468: The transportation of prisoners to and from institutions and all levels of court; the service of some civil and criminal documents; and the execution of court orders. In Ontario, sheriffs are part of the Superior Court of Justice Enforcement Office, which was previously named (and is still sometimes referred to as) the Sheriff's Office. They are mainly responsible for issuing and enforcing writs of

2907-480: The two exchequers' foundings remains unknown. It is unknown exactly when the Exchequer was established, but the earliest mention appears in a royal writ of 1110 during the reign of King Henry I . The oldest surviving Pipe Roll is that of 1130 (already in mature form, indicating that such records existed for some time beforehand, though they do not survive). Pipe Rolls form a mostly continuous record of royal revenues and taxation; however, not all revenue went into

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2964-410: The under-sheriff's responsibilities. Revenue sheriffs were introduced for the rest of the state in the late 1980s as part of a crackdown on tax evasion . In 1993 the comptroller and auditor general expressed concern that funds collected and held in trust by sheriffs on behalf of the revenue commissioners were at risk of commingling . This was reformed in 1998 by prohibiting sheriffs from retaining

3021-637: Was abolished under the Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland) 1877 and was merged, along with the Court of King's Bench (Ireland) , the Court of Chancery (Ireland) and the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland) , into the new High Court of Justice in Ireland (now replaced by the High Court ). The Central Fund , the Republic of Ireland's equivalent of the UK's Consolidated Fund, is colloquially called

3078-510: Was enacted whereby the Exchequer would maintain the realm's prototypes for the yard and pound . These nominal standards were, however, only infrequently enforced on the localities around the kingdom. From the late 1190s to the expulsion of the Jews in 1290, there was a separate division for taxation of Jews and the law-cases arising between Jews and Christians, called Exchequer of the Jews (Latin: Scaccarium Judaeorum ). Through most of

3135-546: Was increasingly assumed by judges of the Court of Session . By the Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act 1856 ( 19 & 20 Vict. c. 56), the Exchequer became a part of the Court of Session. A lord ordinary acts as a judge in Exchequer causes. The English forms of process ceased to be used in 1947. The Exchequer of Ireland developed in 1210 when King John of England reorganized the governance of his Lordship of Ireland and brought it more in line with English law. It consisted of

3192-547: Was named after a table used to perform calculations for taxes and goods in the medieval period. According to the Dialogus de Scaccario ('Dialogue concerning the Exchequer'), an early medieval work describing the practice of the Exchequer, the table was large, 10 feet by 5 feet with a raised edge or "lip" on all sides of about the height of four fingers to ensure that nothing fell off it, upon which counters were placed representing various values. The name Exchequer referred to

3249-573: Was so bad in London that it could not borrow, which led to the foundation of the Governor and Company of the Bank of England . The records of the Exchequer were kept in the Pell Office , adjacent to Westminster Hall , until the 19th century. The office was named after the skins (then "pells" or pelts) from which the rolls were made. In the 19th century, a number of reforms reduced the role of

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