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78-579: On December 8, 2004, four people were murdered and three others were wounded in a mass shooting at the Alrosa Villa nightclub in Columbus, Ohio , United States. The main target of the attack was "Dimebag" Darrell Abbott , who was on stage performing with his band Damageplan at the time of the shooting. During the opening song, 25-year-old Nathan Gale rushed the stage and fired his gun several times, killing Abbott. Three minutes after opening fire, Gale

156-543: A 9-1-1 dispatch call, Officer James Niggemeyer of the Columbus Division of Police (CPD) entered the club through a backstage door and shot Gale once in the face with a 12-gauge Remington Model 870 shotgun , killing him instantly. At the time of his death, Gale had a half-full magazine in his Beretta and another thirty rounds of ammunition on his person. Fans removed Abbott from the stage and attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation until paramedics arrived at

234-409: A firearm . There is no widely accepted definition, and different organizations tracking such incidents use different criteria. Mass shootings are often characterized by the indiscriminate targeting of victims in a non-combat setting, and thus the term generally excludes gang violence , shootouts and warfare . Mass shootings may be done for personal or psychological reasons, but have also been used as

312-487: A motive , for failures in school, career, romance, or life in general. Homicide Studies, Vol 8(1), pp 125–145.</ref> Additionally, or alternately, they could be seeking fame or attention, and at least 16 mass shooters since the Columbine massacre have cited fame or notoriety as a motive. Fame-seekers average more than double the body counts , and many articulate a desire to surpass "past records". There are

390-619: A terrorist tactic. The perpetrator of an ongoing mass shooting may be referred to as an active shooter . In the United States, the country with the most mass shootings, the Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012 defines " mass killings " as three or more killings in a single incident. In its definition, a Congressional Research Service report from 2013 specifies four or more killings on indiscriminate victims, while excluding violence committed as

468-513: A vocational program at the Ohio Hi-Point Career Center , where he studied construction and electrical work, and graduated in 1998. Gale lived with his mother after graduation, working a variety of minimum wage jobs and developing a problem with substance abuse . He often complained of being watched, which his mother attributed to his drug use. When a violent confrontation with his mother led to police intervention, Gale

546-543: A "hero", and told reporters, "I give that man credit. You'll never know how many lives he saved." Niggemeyer remained a first responder for three years before becoming a robbery detective on the advice of his doctors, who had diagnosed him with post-traumatic stress disorder and a severe anxiety disorder . He left the CPD in 2011 to take a different job with the city, and as of 2014 remained friends with both Cautela and with Halk's brother Andy. The shooting raised concerns within

624-491: A 2013 article, "those who feel nameless and as though no one will care or remember them when they are gone may feel doing something such as a school shooting will make sure they are remembered and listed in the history books." In a 2019 op-ed for the Los Angeles Times , Jillian Peterson and James Densley of The Violence Project think tank presented a new, hopeful framework to understand mass shootings. Based on

702-533: A Pantera reunion tour had been discussed, with Zakk Wylde filling in for Abbott, the rift with Vinnie remained until his death in 2018. The band eventually reunited in 2022 for a series of tours, with Wylde and Charlie Benante filling in for Abbott and Paul, respectively. Niggemeyer, the on-duty police officer who had engaged in deadly force, was brought before a grand jury as standard procedure to determine if there had been any wrongdoing. At no point did prosecutor Ron O'Brien expect Niggemeyer to be charged, and he

780-404: A defensive infrastructure to combat terrorism are constructive, they do not address the greater issue, which is "we have a lot of really angry young men in our country and in the world." Author Dave Cullen , in his 2009 book Columbine on the 1999 Columbine High School massacre and its perpetrators Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold , described Harris as an "injustice collector." He expanded on

858-623: A large impact from random chance, outliers , and the specific time frame chosen for analysis. The United States has had the most mass shootings of any country in the world. There were 103 deaths in mass shootings in 2021 (excluding the perpetrators) using the FBI 's definition, and 706 deaths using the Gun Violence Archive 's definition. The FBI's definition refers to "active shooter incidents" defined as "one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in

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936-564: A lifelong fan of heavy metal, became obsessed with Pantera while he was in high school, and remained fixated on the band even after their 2003 separation. Gale's former friend Dave Johnson told reporters that Gale had shown up at a mutual friend's house with Pantera lyrics that he had claimed were his own, asserting that Pantera had plagiarized the lyrics and were attempting to steal his identity. Many of Gale's friends began to distance themselves from him as his behavior became increasingly erratic; once, he told his former friend Mark Break that God

1014-423: A mass shooting can be averted. In considering the frequency of mass shootings in the United States, criminologist Peter Squires says that the individualistic culture in the United States puts the country at greater risk for mass shootings than other countries, noting that many other countries where gun ownership is high, such as Norway, Finland, Switzerland and Israel...tend to have more tight-knit societies where

1092-509: A mass shooting. It is common for mass shooting survivors to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and survivors guilt . In 2019, Sydney Aiello and Calvin Desir, both survivors of the Parkland high school shooting , committed suicide as a result of survivors guilt. Meadow Pollack was killed in the shooting and was friends with Aiello. The overwhelming majority of mass shooters in

1170-447: A means to an end, such as robbery or terrorism . Media outlets such as CNN , and some crime violence research groups such as the Gun Violence Archive , define mass shootings as involving "four or more shot (injured or killed) in a single incident, at the same general time and location, not including the shooter". Mother Jones magazine defines mass shootings as indiscriminate rampages killing three or more individuals (not including

1248-487: A mix of profound hopelessness and deep-seated resentment." Jillian Peterson , an assistant professor of criminology at Hamline University who is participating in the construction of a database on mass shooters, noted that two phenomena surface repeatedly in the statistics: hopelessness and a need for notoriety in life or in death. Notoriety was first suggested as a possible motive and researched by Justin Nutt. Nutt stated in

1326-419: A patio door. At 10:20 p.m., partway into the opening song of Damageplan's set, Gale, dressed in a Columbus Blue Jackets hockey jersey and a hooded sweatshirt, jumped onto the stage and drew his Beretta 92FS 9mm semi-automatic pistol . He moved directly towards Abbott and shot him four times at point-blank range : in the right cheek, the left ear, the back of the head, and the right hand. Joe Dameron,

1404-539: A period from 1982 to 2019 involved white shooters (who are 65% of the population). According to a database compiled by Mother Jones magazine, the race of the shooters is approximately proportionate to the overall U.S. population, although Asians are overrepresented and Latinos underrepresented. In a study of 55 mass shooters from Mother Jones' mass shooting database, researchers found that 87.5 percent of perpetrators had misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated or undiagnosed and untreated psychiatric illnesses. According to

1482-818: A populated area", while the Gun Violence Archive's definition counts incidents where at least four people (excluding the perpetrator) were shot, but not necessarily killed. In a 2016 study published by criminologist Adam Lankford, it was estimated that 31 percent of all public mass shooters from 1966 to 2012 attacked in the United States, although the U.S. had less than five percent of the world's population. The study concludes that "The United States and other nations with high firearm ownership rates may be particularly susceptible to future public mass shootings, even if they are relatively peaceful or mentally healthy according to other national indicators." Criminologist Gary Kleck criticized Lankford's findings, stating

1560-401: A smaller following than the headliner. On long concert tours , different opening acts may be used for different legs of the tour. In comedy, a warm-up comedian or crowd warmer is a stand-up comedian who performs at a comedy club or before the filming of a television comedy in front of a studio audience . More rarely, a comedian will open for a music concert. Their role is to make

1638-473: A strong social bond supports people through crises, and mass killings are fewer. He is an advocate of gun control, but contends there is more to mass shootings than the prevalence of guns. The Italian Marxist academic Franco Berardi argues that the hyper-individualism , social alienation and competitiveness fomented by neoliberal ideology and capitalism creates mass shooters by causing people to "malfunction." A noteworthy connection has been reported in

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1716-509: A study by The Violence Project, 42 percent of all mass shooters experienced physical or sexual abuse, parental suicide, or were victims of bullying. They also found that 72 percent of perpetrators were suicidal. In a study of 171 mass shooters who attacked in the United States from 1966 to 2019, researchers Adam Lankford and Rebecca Cowan found that although the vast majority of people with mental illness are not violent, "almost all public mass shooters may have mental health problems." They suggest

1794-623: A study funded by the National Institute of Justice , Peterson and Densley found mass shooters had four things in common: This new framework highlights the complexity of the pathway to a mass shooting, including how each one can be "socially contagious," but also provides a blueprint to prevent the next mass shooting. Each one of the four themes represents an opportunity for intervention. By mitigating contagion (validation), training in crisis intervention de-escalation (crisis), and increasing access to affordable mental healthcare (trauma),

1872-412: A variety of definitions of a mass shooting: There are also different definitions of the term mass killing: The lack of a single definition can lead to alarmism in the news media, with some reports conflating categories of different crimes. An act of mass shooting is typically defined as terrorist when it "appears to have been intended" to intimidate or to coerce people; although a mass shooting

1950-400: Is not necessarily an act of terrorism solely by itself. The perpetrator is typically but not always excluded from the body count . The number of people killed in mass shootings is difficult to determine due to the lack of a commonly agreed definition. It is also difficult to determine whether their frequency is increasing or decreasing over time, for the same reason. In addition, there is

2028-902: Is not the sole cause of mass shootings and many other factors play an important role in perpetrators' decisions to attack. Criminologist James Allen Fox said that most mass murderers do not have a criminal record, or involuntary incarceration at a mental health centre, although an article in The New York Times in December 2015 about 15 recent mass shootings found that six perpetrators had had run-ins with law enforcement, and six had mental health issues. Mass shootings can be motivated by religious extremism , political ideologies (e.g., neo-Nazism , terrorism , white supremacism ), racism , misogyny , homophobia , mental illness , and revenge against bullying , among other reasons. Forensic psychologist Stephen Ross cites extreme anger and

2106-525: The New York Daily News ' front-page headline "God isn't fixing this" was accompanied by "images of tweets from leading Republicans who shared their 'thoughts' and 'prayers' for the shooting victims." Since the 2014 Isla Vista killings , satirical news website The Onion has repeatedly republished the story "No Way to Prevent This", Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens with minor edits after major mass shootings, to satirise

2184-509: The American Psychological Association published a press release , claiming that mass shooting contagion does exist and that news media and social media enthusiasts should withhold the name(s) and face(s) of the victimizer(s) when reporting a mass shooting to deny the fame the shooter(s) want to curb contagion. Some news media have weighed in on the gun control debate. After the 2015 San Bernardino attack ,

2262-607: The Franklin County coroner's office found no trace of drugs in Gale's system, prescription or otherwise. Standing 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) and weighing over 250 lb (113 kg), Gale decided to take up boxing and football after his military discharge. He joined the Lima Thunder, a semi-professional football team in northwest Ohio, as an offensive lineman , and would listen to Pantera before games. Gale,

2340-509: The Gun Violence Archive 's definition. The FBI's definition refers to "active shooter incidents" defined as "one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area", while the Gun Violence Archive's definition counts incidents where at least four people (excluding the perpetrator) were shot, but not necessarily killed. Mass shootings (that occur in public locations) are usually committed by deeply disgruntled individuals who are seeking revenge as

2418-571: The Knoxville Unitarian Universalist church shooting wrote about his reaction to other mass shooting incidents. The father of a victim in a mass shooting at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado , wrote about witnessing other mass shootings after the loss of his son. The survivors of the 2011 Norway attacks recounted their experience to GQ magazine. In addition, one paper studied Swedish police officers' reactions to

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2496-764: The September 11 attacks , Gale enlisted in the United States Marine Corps (USMC). Proud of his military service, Gale's mother purchased the Beretta pistol as a Christmas present after he completed basic training . Gale was stationed at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina with the 2nd Marine Division until he was discharged in November 2003, less than halfway through the typical four-year enlistment period. A USMC spokeswoman declined to explain

2574-416: The opening acts , Volume Dealer and 12 Gauge, and asked why he was outside, to which he responded, "I don't want to see no shitty local bands [...] I'm gonna wait for Damageplan." By the time that Damageplan took the stage at 10:15 p.m. EST , the crowd had grown to approximately 400. Gale entered the premises by scaling a 6-foot (1.8 m) wooden fence on the north side of the venue and entering through

2652-434: The 1997 Firearms Amendment Acts, which restricted or made illegal many handguns. Since then, there have been only a handful of mass shootings in the country with relatively few fatalities. The UK has also banned the private ownership of semi-automatic and automatic weapons, and introduced stringent checks before issuing permits to private citizens to own single and low cartridge shotguns. There have been two mass shootings since

2730-509: The Downtrodden by Crowbar , and Start a War by Static-X were all dedicated to Abbott's memory. Although he never met Abbott, M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold was affected by the death of one of his two "greatest guitar heroes", the other being Slash , and the track "Betrayed" on City of Evil , written from multiple points of view, was Shadows's "way of dealing with the whole thing after it happened". Machine Head , meanwhile,

2808-401: The U.S. are male, with some sources showing males account for 98 percent of mass shooters. According to Sky News, male perpetrators committed 110 out of 114 school shootings (96%) in the period 1982–2019, compared to homicides in general in the United States, where 85.3 percent of homicides were committed by males. A study by Statista showed that 65 out of 116 (56%) U.S. mass shootings in

2886-574: The U.S. between mass shootings and domestic or family violence, with a current or former intimate partner or family member killed in 76 of 133 cases (57%), and a perpetrator having previously been charged with domestic violence in 21. Some people have considered whether media attention revolving around the perpetrators of mass shootings is a factor in sparking further incidents. In response to this, some in law enforcement have decided against naming mass shooting suspects in media-related events to avoid giving them notoriety. The effects of messages used in

2964-787: The United Kingdom , which has some of the strictest gun laws in the world. As a result of the Hungerford massacre in Hungerford , England, and the Dunblane school massacre in Stirling, Scotland , the United Kingdom enacted tough gun laws and a buyback program to remove specific classes of firearms from private ownership. They included the Firearms Amendment Act 1988, which limited rifles and shotguns; and

3042-594: The United Kingdom. China's strict gun control laws have prohibited private ownership of firearms since 1951. Japan has as few as two gun-related homicides per year. These numbers include all homicides in the country, not just mass shootings. While gun violence is relatively uncommon in India due to strict gun control laws, incidents of mass shootings and violent attacks continue to occur. Mass shootings are relatively rare in Russia, but they have occurred sporadically over

3120-714: The United States. That represents 29.7 percent. Because America had in those years approximately 4.5 percent of the world's population (according to Lott and Moody's calculations), this indicates that based on their data, the United States had more than six times its global share of public mass shooters who attacked alone (29.7/4.5 = 6.6). In a subsequent study, Lankford criticized Lott and Moody for including "attacks by terrorist organizations, genocidal militias, armed rebel groups, and paramilitary fighters" in their data and suggested they "misrepresent approximately 1,000 foreign cases from their own dataset" in other ways. Mass shootings have also been observed to be followed by an increase in

3198-573: The associated costs. When Christina Grimmie was fatally shot by an obsessed fan in Florida during a 2016 meet and greet event outside The Plaza Live , a venue without metal detectors, the Pantera Facebook account called on venues and promoters to improve their security to protect artists. The Alrosa Villa nightclub was listed for sale in late 2019, following the death of its founders, Al and Rosa Cautela. Their children continued operating

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3276-451: The audience feel integral to the show and encourage reactions during the show. They usually work alone and perform a comedy routine while also possibly explaining aspects of the show. In a television recording, they will also perform during commercial breaks . Some warm-up routines before talk shows involve giving prizes to audience members. The use of warm-ups in comedy dates back before television to radio shows. In sports, an undercard

3354-574: The band members had moved on to other projects. The Abbott brothers recruited Patrick Lachman , former guitarist for Halford , to form the heavy metal band Damageplan . Damageplan released their first album, New Found Power , in February 2004, and spent most of the year on tour to promote the title. On April 8, 2004, a Pantera fan named Nathan Gale interrupted a Damageplan performance at Bogart's nightclub in Cincinnati , Ohio , jumping onto

3432-488: The bassist for Volume Dealer, said that Gale shouted something but did not know what. Some attendees did not realize that a shooting had taken place, with security guard Ryan Melchiore stating, "people were pumping their fists, thinking it was a hoax." After shooting Abbott, Gale began firing on the other attendees, beginning with tour manager Chris Paluska, who was shot once in the chest before Damageplan security chief Jeffrey "Mayhem" Thompson tackled Gale from behind. Thompson

3510-404: The chest, one in the hand, and one in the leg. Travis Burnett, a member of Volume Dealer's road crew , attempted to disarm Gale and was grazed by a bullet on his left forearm. Burnett fled the scene when subsequent gunshots were aimed at his head. Drum technician John "Kat" Brooks attempted to subdue Gale. He was shot twice in the leg and was taken as a hostage. Responding within three minutes to

3588-579: The concept in a 2015 New Republic essay on injustice collectors, identifying several notorious killers as fitting the category, including Christopher Dorner , Elliot Rodger , Vester Flanagan , and Andrew Kehoe . Likewise, mass shooting expert and former FBI profiler Mary O'Toole also uses the phrase "injustice collector" in characterizing motives of some mass shooting perpetrators. In relation, criminologist James Alan Fox contends that mass murderers are "enabled by social isolation" and typically experience "years of disappointment and failure that produce

3666-629: The coverage of mass shootings have been studied. Researchers studied the role the coverage plays in shaping attitudes toward persons with serious mental illness and public support for gun control policies. In 2015, a paper written by a physicist and statistician, Sherry Towers , along with four colleagues was published, which proved that there is indeed mass shooting contagion using mathematical modeling . However, in 2017, Towers said in an interview that she prefers self-regulation to censorship to address this issue, just like years ago major news outlets successfully prevent copycat suicide . In 2016,

3744-558: The dispute between Abbott and Anselmo, and were unable to find evidence that Gale had read the interview. The fact that the shooting occurred exactly twenty-four years after the murder of John Lennon was also deemed coincidental. After listening to the recording of the Metal Hammer interview, Vinnie Paul concluded that Anselmo had not been joking about the "beaten severely" comment, and from that point he declined to speak with Anselmo or Pantera bassist Rex Brown . Although plans for

3822-421: The frequency of mental health problems among mass shooters is sometimes underestimated because "many perpetrators have never been formally evaluated by a psychiatrist or mental health practitioner...and others deliberately avoid doctors, conceal their mental health problems, or lie about their symptoms due to shame, stigma, or fear of other consequences." However, Lankford and Cowan also emphasize that mental illness

3900-709: The hospital. Nathan Miles Gale was born on September 11, 1979, in Chicago , Illinois , the youngest of three sons to Gerald and Mary Gale. He spent the first few years of his life in the Chicago suburb of Lansing until his parents divorced; he then moved with his mother to Marysville, Ohio , while his two older brothers stayed behind with their father. Gale initially attended Benjamin Logan High School , where he briefly wrestled , but transferred to Marysville High partway through his junior year. He enrolled in

3978-547: The laws were restricted: the Cumbria shootings in 2010, which killed 13 people, including the perpetrator; and the Plymouth shooting in 2021, which killed six people, including the perpetrator. Opening act The opening act's performance serves to "warm up" the audience, making it appropriately excited and enthusiastic for the headliner. In rock music , the opening act will usually be an up-and-coming group with

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4056-724: The music community over concert security and the prevalence of fans leaping onto the stage. Anthrax guitarist Scott Ian said that his view of stage rushers changed after Abbott's murder, and that, "I don't give a fuck how much fun you're having. Stay the fuck off the stage." Immediately after the shooting, many concert venues tightened their security standards by hiring off-duty police officers as guards, checking attendees' pockets and bags more thoroughly, and in some cases studying setlists to anticipate when fans may become troublesome. By 2014, however, Cannibal Corpse drummer Paul Mazurkiewicz and We Are Harlot guitarist Jeff George noted that many venues had relaxed their security protocols due to

4134-549: The notion of working for a cause – rather than mental illness – as primary explanations. A study by Vanderbilt University researchers found that "fewer than five percent of the 120,000 gun-related killings in the United States between 2001 and 2010 were perpetrated by people diagnosed with mental illness." John Roman of the Urban Institute argues that, while better access to mental health care, restricting high powered weapons, and creating

4212-529: The past decade. Most of the incidents involve lone gunmen, although there have been a few cases involving multiple shooters. Mass shootings have become a common occurrence in Mexico, particularly in recent years. The country has been plagued by violence from drug cartels, which have been responsible for many of the deadliest mass shootings in Mexico's history . Brazil has one of the highest rates of gun violence in

4290-410: The perpetrator), and excluding gang violence and armed robbery. An Australian study from 2006 specifies five individuals killed. The number of people killed in mass shootings is difficult to determine due to the lack of a commonly agreed upon definition. In the United States, there were 103 deaths in mass shootings in 2021 (excluding the perpetrators) using the FBI 's definition, and 706 deaths using

4368-533: The popular consensus that there is a lack of political power in the United States to prevent mass shootings. Responses to mass shootings take a variety of forms, depending on the country and political climate. After the 1996 Port Arthur massacre , Australia changed its gun laws . In the aftermath of the Christchurch mosque shootings , New Zealand announced a ban on almost all semiautomatic military-style weapons. Mass shootings are extremely rare in

4446-576: The purchase of weapons, but this does not seem to create an increased feeling of needing guns in either gun owners or non-owners. Even though the global COVID-19 pandemic reduced public gatherings from March 2020 onward, the number of mass shootings increased significantly over that period. It "even doubled in July 2020 compared to a year earlier". Mass shootings (and firearm deaths in general) virtually never happen in China, Singapore, South Korea, Japan and

4524-405: The reason behind Gale's military discharge . Gale told his mother that he had been discharged due to being diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia . Although he had returned with medication, he declined additional treatment after returning home. The Department of Veteran Affairs found Gale a job as a mechanic, and he informed his employer, Rich Cencula, of his condition. An autopsy performed by

4602-513: The scene, where Abbott was pronounced dead. He was 38 years old. Thompson, 40, and Halk, 29, were also pronounced dead at the scene, while Bray, 23, was transported to the Riverside Methodist Hospital and was declared dead at 11:10 p.m. Paluska and Brooks were also transported to Riverside, where they ultimately survived and recovered from their injuries. Burnett received treatment at the scene and declined transport to

4680-663: The shooter, and remained distant from the other members of the band until his death in 2018. Guitarist Darrell Abbott, better known by his stage name of "Dimebag Darrell", founded the American heavy metal band Pantera in 1981 alongside his brother Vincent Abbott, better known as Vinnie Paul . After the release of their album Reinventing the Steel in 2000, tensions arose between the Abbott brothers and lead singer Phil Anselmo , and although Pantera never officially disbanded, by 2003,

4758-529: The shooting, it was speculated that Gale had been motivated by Pantera's disbandment, with initial reports claiming that he had shouted, "You broke up Pantera" or, "This is for breaking up Pantera" before opening fire, statements never corroborated by witnesses. Others cited a Metal Hammer interview with Anselmo that had been published shortly before the shooting, where Anselmo said that Abbott "deserves to be beaten severely". Investigators found no evidence that Gale had been motivated either by Pantera's split or by

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4836-465: The stage and causing US$ 1,800 of damage to lighting and other stage equipment during an ensuing police struggle. While officers responding to a 9-1-1 call about the incident noted Gale's actions as criminal endangerment and destruction of property , Damageplan elected not to press charges as they did not want to return to Cincinnati for court proceedings. The band was unfazed by the incident. An attendee later stated that, after Gale had been removed from

4914-451: The study merely shows a proportional relationship but fails to prove that gun ownership causes mass shootings. The backlash from economist and gun rights advocate John Lott also raised objections to Lankford's methodology and refusal to share his data. He speculated that Lankford had overlooked a significant number of mass shootings outside the U.S., which if accounted for would adjust the nation's share closer to 2.88 percent; slightly below

4992-431: The time of the shooting, Gale lived alone in an apartment above an abandoned storefront. After the shooting, police officers found two handwritten notes inside the apartment. One read, "You'll see come alive. I'll take your life and make it mine. This is my life I'm gone. Git me." The other read, "You'll see the sky fall. I'll makes Pig fly. Come on and give me some, Come on give me some. Do it and Die, Do it and Die." After

5070-544: The time. One of the first artists to create a musical tribute to Abbott was Black Label Society , whose music video for " In This River " depicts Wylde and Abbott as children attempting to swim across a river; while Wylde survives, Abbott does not. Type O Negative , who were close friends with Abbott, waited until 2007 to release the track "Halloween in Heaven", off of the album Dead Again . Frontman Peter Steele told MTV , "I didn't want to exploit [Abbott's] name because it

5148-482: The venue until 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic forced music venues and bars to close indefinitely. In June 2021, the city of Columbus announced that the venue would be demolished to make way for a housing project . The Alrosa Villa was demolished in December 2021. Abbott was a popular and influential figure in the heavy metal community, and his death created a mass outpouring of grief among other bands and artists of

5226-404: The venue, Lachman had joked, "I'd like to introduce you to the fifth member of the [expletive] band." On Wednesday, December 8, 2004, Damageplan was headlining a concert at the Alrosa Villa nightclub in Columbus, Ohio . The venue had a capacity of 600 and had sold 250 tickets for the evening's show. Club manager Rick Cautela and other concertgoers noticed Gale loitering in the parking lot during

5304-466: The world average. Lankford has since followed up on his research, publishing his data and clarifying that the United States from 1998 to 2012 did have more than six times its global share of public mass shooters who attacked alone, which is almost always the case with mass shooters. Using the data from Lott and Moody's 2019 study of mass shootings, Lankford explains that "41 of all 138 public mass shootings by single perpetrators worldwide were committed in

5382-611: The world, and mass shootings have become more common in recent years. In 2022, there were at least 10 mass shootings in Brazil, resulting in the deaths of over 50 people. Furthermore, In 2017, there were over 45,000 gun-related homicides countrywide. In Africa, whilst incidents of mass violence resulting from terrorism and ethnic conflict have occurred, "mass shootings" are generally understood as rare. After mass shootings, some survivors have written about their experiences and their experiences have been covered by journalists. A survivor of

5460-513: Was asking him to kill Marilyn Manson . Others noted that he would talk and laugh to himself, would pretend to hold an imaginary dog, and that he would bother patrons at the tattoo parlor across the street from his apartment, staring at clients and engaging them in conversations about heavy metal music. Gale's neighbors remembered him as quiet and aloof. He had been stopped multiple times for traffic citations, and had been charged with criminal trespassing for both skateboarding and sleeping outside. At

5538-735: Was cleared of wrongdoing on May 23, 2005. Niggemeyer received a number of awards for his actions during the shooting: he was a finalist for a bravery award given by America's Most Wanted , was given the Distinguished Law Enforcement Valor Award from Ohio attorney general Jim Petro , and was named the Law Enforcement Officer of the Year in 2005 by the National Rifle Association . Gale's mother referred to Niggemeyer as

5616-401: Was fatally shot in the chest, back, and upper thigh in the ensuing struggle. Nathan Bray, a Damageplan fan, leapt onto the stage and was fatally shot in the chest while attempting to resuscitate Abbott and Thompson. Erin "Stoney" Halk, an Alrosa Villa employee and former Marine who had either assisted Thompson or had charged Gale while he was reloading, was mortally wounded by six shots: four in

5694-450: Was inspired to write " Aesthetics of Hate " after frontman Robb Flynn read an article praising Gale for the murder of "a semi-human barbarian". The song was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 50th Grammy Awards . Mass shooting Note: Varies by jurisdiction Note: Varies by jurisdiction A mass shooting is a violent crime in which one or more attackers kill or injure multiple individuals simultaneously using

5772-539: Was operating under the delusion that Pantera had plagiarized his lyrics and were attempting to steal his identity. A number of heavy metal artists released tributes to Abbott after his death, while others pushed for increased security at concerts to prevent another such incident. Niggemeyer was valorized for his action and later retired from the police department in 2011 with post-traumatic stress disorder . Abbott's brother and Pantera drummer Vinnie Paul resented singer Phil Anselmo for his perceived role in influencing

5850-644: Was shot and killed by police officer James Niggemeyer. Abbott sustained multiple gunshot wounds to the head and was pronounced dead at the scene. The other fatalities were Jeffrey "Mayhem" Thompson, Damageplan's head of security who tackled Gale; Erin Halk, an Alrosa employee who tried to restrain Gale; and Damageplan fan Nathan Bray, who had jumped onto the stage to aid Abbott and Thompson. Damageplan's tour manager Chris Paluska and drum technician John Brooks suffered non-fatal gunshot wounds and were taken to Riverside Methodist Hospital , while road crew member Travis Burnett

5928-427: Was so soon after his death." Vinnie Paul donated an unreleased 24-second guitar solo to Nickelback that they incorporated into the 2005 track " Side of a Bullet ", which describes the shooting from the point of view of the killer. Other tribute songs include "Dimes in Heaven" by Brides of Destruction and "Dimebag" by Cross Canadian Ragweed , while the 2005 albums Ten Thousand Fists by Disturbed , Lifesblood for

6006-416: Was thrown out of the house and became homeless. He supported himself through panhandling and theft until he agreed to enter a drug rehabilitation program, after which his mother allowed him to return. Gale's encounters with law enforcement at this time were minor: some trespassing charges from skateboarding, as well as one instance where he was accused of stealing from work. In February 2002, inspired by

6084-470: Was treated at the scene. The motive for the shooting is still unknown. Gale, a former member of the United States Marine Corps , had told his mother and employer that he had been discharged due to paranoid schizophrenia , and many of his friends observed erratic behavior from Gale in the months leading up to the shooting. Some news outlets claimed that Gale was angry with Abbott for the dissolution of his previous band Pantera , while others believed that Gale

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