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36-565: During this period, the area was ruled by the Greco-Albanian lord Gregorios Kamonas , the new spouse of Demetrius' Serbian former wife Komnena Nemanjić , and by Golem (Gulam), a local magnate who had married Kamonas' and Komnena's daughter. Arbanon was eventually annexed in the winter of 1256–57 by the Byzantine statesman George Akropolites . Golem subsequently disappeared from historical records. Akropolites' historical writings are

72-405: A considerable degree of autonomy, although the titles ' archon ' (held by Progon) and ' panhypersebastos ' (held by Dhimitër) are evident signs of Byzantine dependence. In the context of a weakening of Byzantine power in the region following the sack of Constantinople in 1204, Arbanon attained full autonomy for 12 years until the death of Demetrios in 1215 or 1216. The Gëziq inscription mentions

108-630: A marriage with Komnena Nemanjić , who was both the daughter of Stefan Nemanjić, rival of Đorđe Nemanjić and grand-daughter of the last Byzantine Emperor Alexios III Angelos . In this context, because of the relation of his consort to the Byzantine imperial family, Demetrius was recognized by the title of panhypersebastos . After the death of the Catholic archbishop of Durrës, the Venetians and Progoni - each in their respective territories - seized church property. For his actions against church property, he

144-450: A region in the mountainous area to the west of Ohrid Lake and the upper valley of the river Shkumbin. In 1198, a part of the area north of the Drin was briefly controlled by Stefan Nemanjić who recounts that in that year he captured Pult from Arbanon ( ot Rabna ). In 1208, in the correspondence with Pope Innocent III , the territory that Demetrius Progoni claimed as princeps Arbanorum

180-712: A treaty with the Republic of Ragusa which allowed for free passage of Ragusan merchants in Albanian territory. The following year, an agreement was concluded between the Republic of Venice and Michael I Komnenos Doukas of the Despotate of Epiros under which Doukas would become a vassal of Venice, if the republic recognized his claims up to the Shkumbin river valley, a core area of Arbanon. In 1212, Venice also allowed for

216-600: Is a river in North Macedonia and Albania . It flows out of Lake Ohrid in Struga , North Macedonia. It is 149 km (93 mi) long and its drainage basin is 3,504 km (1,353 sq mi). Its average discharge is 118 m /s (4,200 cu ft/s). After flowing through North Macedonia for 56 km (35 mi), the Black Drin crosses the border to Albania, west of Debar . It merges with

252-1092: Is also spelled Kamona . References [ edit ] ^ Shepard, Jonathan, ed. (2008). History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.  787 -8. ISBN   978-0-521-83231-1 . Graeco-Albanian lord Gregory Kamonas ^ The Genealogist . 1980. p. 40. ^ Abulafia, David; McKitterick (1999-10-21). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 5, C.1198-c.1300 . p. 786. ISBN   9780521362894 . Greco-Albanian lord Gregorios Kamonas ^ Günter, Prinzing (1972). Die Bedeutung Bulgariens und Serbiens in den Jahren 1204-1219: im Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung und Entwicklung der byzantinischen Teilstaaten nach der Einnahme Konstantinopels infolge des 4. Kreuzzuges . Institut für Byzantinistik und Neugriechische Philologie. p. 136. den albanischen Archonten , Pansebastos Sebastos Gregorios Kamonas ^ Dzelebdzic, Dejan (2013). "Provincial Sebastoi from

288-415: Is indicated by the fact that the new church was built on the site of an older church dedicated to St. Mary (Shën Mëri) but Progoni dedicated the new church to Shën Premte , the patron saint of Arbanum. He had maintained the semi-independence of this area under an agreement in which he accepted the high suzerainty of Zeta and the rulers of Zeta didn't get involved in internal affairs of the region in return. In

324-569: Is the most detailed primary source for Arbanon and this period of Albanian history in general. In 1166, we know that prior Arbanensis Andrea and episcopis Arbanensis Lazarus participated in a ceremony held in Kotor , then under the Serbian Grand Principality . A year later in 1167, Pope Alexander III , in a letter directed to Lazarus, congratulates him for returning his bishopric to Catholic faith and invites him to acknowledge

360-622: The Despotate of Epiros (until 1230) and then Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria until his death in 1241. He then oscillated between Doukas and the Nicaeans until he was finally annexed by the Nicaeans in the phase of reconstitution of the Byzantine Empire in 1252–1256. During the conflicts between Michael II Komnenos Doukas of Epirus and the Emperor of Nicaea John III Doukas Vatatzes , Golem and Theodore Petraliphas , who were initially Michael's allies, eventually defected to John III in 1252. However,

396-628: The White Drin in Kukës to form the Drin , which flows into the Adriatic Sea . It drains most of the eastern border region of Albania. The name is ancient - Drinius, Trinius (Pliny), Δρεῖνος (Ptolemy). Its origin is Illyrian from older *Drūn , from Indo-European *drū - into Old Indian drāvayate , run, flow, Avestan dru , run. This part of Albania is an agricultural area. The main agricultural products are maize and barley ; silviculture

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432-713: The Catholic church of Gëziq in the Ndërfandë near modern Rreshen in Mirdita. The inscription is written in Latin and has been produced after Progoni's death. The inscription shows that Progoni, who had been reaccepted in the Catholic Church, had provided funds for the building of the church, which he might have planned to become the seat of the Diocese of Arbanum or a new diocese in the centre of his remaining domain. This

468-525: The Middle Ages, whereas the coasts of Epiros further south, despite their control by Serbs and Greeks, were primarily inhabited by Albanians according to Ducellier. The fortresses of Kruja was the seat of the state. Progon gained possession of the surroundings of the fortress which became hereditary. Arbanon was a beneficiary of the Via Egnatia trade road, which brought wealth and benefits from

504-623: The Principality of Arbanon. It would also protect him from expansion by post-Byzantine successor states like the Despotate of Epiros. In his preserved correspondence with Pope Innocent III , Progoni as leader of the iudices of Arbanon, who signed as his followers, asked the Pope to send missionaries to spread Catholicism in his land. The Pope responded that Nicolaus, the Catholic archdeacon of Durrës had been instructed to make preparations for

540-564: The Progoni family as judices , and notes their dependence on Vladin and Đorđe Nemanjić (r. 1208–1216), the princes of Zeta . In its last phase, Arbanon was mainly connected to the Despotate of Epirus and also maintained allied relation with the Kingdom of Serbia . In 1252, Golem submitted to the Empire of Nicaea . In the 11th century AD, the name Arbanon (also Albanon ) was applied to

576-752: The Romans. Arbona was perhaps an island in Liburnia or another location within Illyria. In the 6th century AD, Stephanus of Byzantium, in his important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά), mentions a city in Illyria called Arbon (Ἀρβών), and gives an ethnic name for its inhabitants, in two singular number forms, i.e. Arbonios (Ἀρβώνιος) and Arbonites (Ἀρβωνίτης), pl. Ἀρβωνῖται. He cites Polybius (as he does many other times Polybius' own attitude to Rome has been variously interpreted, pro-Roman, … frequently cited in reference works such as Stephanus' Ethnica and

612-636: The Suda. in Ethnica). Many scholars note that the Principality of Arbanon was the first Albanian state to emerge during the Middle Ages . Arbanon is generally considered to have retained large autonomy until Demetrius death in 1216, when the principality fell under the vassalage of Epirus or the Laskarids of Nicaea. Between 1190 and 1204, Arbanon was a principality of the Byzantine Empire and possessed

648-461: The archbishop of Ragusa as his superior. After some resistance from local officials, the bishopric of Arbanon was put under the direct dependence of the Pope, as documented in a Papal letter dated in 1188. Little is known about archon Progon who was, between 1190 and 1198, the first ruler of Kruja and its surroundings. The Kruja fortress stayed in the possession of the Progoni family , and Progon

684-442: The area in its last phase positioned its then territory between Durrës and Lake Ohrid in a west to east axis and between the Shkumbin river valley and Mat river valley in a south to north axis. The fortress of Krujë was the military and administrative center of the region throughout its existence. There are scarce sources about Arbanon, with the exception of the chronicles of Byzantine historian George Akropolites , whose work

720-600: The daughter of King Stefan Nemanjić and widow of Dimitri Progoni , thus inheriting the rule of Arbanon. He strengthened ties with Serbia and secured Arbanon through an Orthodox alliance. He had a daughter together with Komnena, who married Golem of Kruja the later lord of Kruje. Notes [ edit ] ^ Name: Gregorios ( Greek : Γρηγόριος Καμωνάς , romanized :  Gri̱górios Kamo̱nás ), but also Georgius , Georgios , Gregorio , Grigor ( Albanian : Grigor Kamona ), Grgur ( Serbian : Гргур Камона ) and Grigorije (Григорије Камона); his surname

756-1300: The end of 12th to mid 13th century" . Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta (50–2). National Library of Serbia: 537–548. doi : 10.2298/zrvi1350537d . ISSN   0584-9888 . See also [ edit ] History of Albania Monarchs of Albania Regnal titles Preceded by Dimitri Progoni Prince of Arbanon (Lord of Krujë) c. 1216 Unknown Next known title holder: Golem Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregorios_Kamonas&oldid=1253716227 " Categories : 13th-century deaths 13th-century monarchs in Europe 13th-century Byzantine people 13th-century Albanian people 13th-century Greek people Medieval Albanian nobility Sebastoi Albanian monarchs Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles containing Albanian-language text Articles containing Greek-language text Articles containing Serbian-language text Year of birth unknown Black Drin The Black Drin , or Black Drim ( Albanian : Drini i Zi ; Macedonian : Црн Дрим )

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792-618: The initial Nicaean conquest where the Emperor Theodore II Laskaris appointed Constantine Chabaron as the ruler of the Principality, proved short-lived, for the events prompted the Rebellion of Arbanon in 1257. Golem is last mentioned in the historical records among other 'notables' of Arbanon, in a meeting with George Akropolites in Durrës that occurred in the winter of 1256–1257. Akropolites subsequently annexed

828-410: The inscription which also serves as the last will of Progoni, the church is dedicated to his people ( nationi obtulit ) and his successor is designated, Progon - son of Gjin Progoni - as protosebastos . After the death of Demetrius in 1215 or 1216, the power was left to his wife Komnena. She was soon married off to Gregory Kamonas , who himself had earlier been married to Gjin’s daughter and needed

864-570: The main primary source for late Arbanon and its history. The principality was known as Árvanon (Ἄρβανον) in Greek , as Arbanum in Latin , and as Raban in the early 13th-century Serbian document Life of Stefan Nemanja . The term represents the name of a south Illyrian tribe attested in Ancient Greek as Ἀλβανοί ( Albanoi ), later on denoting a proper name for an ethnic Albanian until it

900-404: The mission. Shortly after, however, Demetrio stopped the process because he didn't consider it important any longer. He had defeated Đorđe Nemanjić, a Venetian vassal whom he bordered to the north and thus felt less threatened by Venice. Nemanjić had previously promised military support to Venice if Progoni attacked Venetian territory, in a treaty signed on 3 July 1208. In 1208, he also had secured

936-617: The more economically developed Byzantine civilization. Gregory Kamonas (Redirected from Gregory Kamonas ) Lord of Krujë Gregorios Kamonas Grigor Kamona Lord of Krujë [REDACTED] Lord of Krujë Reign fl.   c.  1215  – ? Predecessor Dhimitër Progoni (as Prince of Albania) Successor Golem of Kruja Spouse Komnena Nemanjić Issue Unnamed daughter Gregorios Kamonas ( fl.   c.  1215  – ?)

972-408: The possession of the coastal duchy of Durrës to pass to Michael and abandoned its direct control of central Albania. The agreement had dire consequences for the principality, which surrounded by hostile forces, seems to have been reduced by the end of the life of Dhimitër Progoni to the area north of Shkumbin and south of Drin. Evidence for this period has been provided by the foundational inscription of

1008-604: The principality to its climax. The area the principality controlled, ranged from the Shkumbin river valley to the Drin river valley in the north and from the Adriatic sea to the Black Drin in the east. In Latin documents, Demetrius is also referred to as iudex . In Byzantine records, he is titled as megas archon and after the consolidation of his rule as panhypersebastos . In 1209, in search for allies, he also signed

1044-487: The sovereignty of Arbanon against external threats, the most important of whom were for much of his reign the Republic of Venice and later the Despotate of Epiros. In 1208-09, he considered conversion to Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy for the first time in order to obtain support against his Venetian rivals. As Venice had been given the nominal rights to control Albania, conversion to Catholicism would nullify Venetian claims over territory controlled by another Catholic state,

1080-536: The statelet and installed a Byzantine civil, military and fiscal administration. Arbanon extended over the modern districts of central Albania, with the capital at Kruja . It was a small territory in the 11th and 12th centuries, stretching from rivers Devoll to Shkumbin . According to Alain Ducellier , Arbanon did not have direct access to the sea. Robert Elsie notes that the coastal cities of modern Albania did not have noticeable Albanian communities throughout

1116-571: The wedding to happen to legitimize the succession of power. After he took control of Kruja, he strengthened relations with the Grand Principality of Serbia , which had weakened after a Slavic assault on Scutari . Demetrius had no son to succeed him. Komnena had a daughter with Kamonas, who married a local magnate named Golem (Gulam). The latter continued to rule as a semi-independent ruler in Arbanon under Theodore Komnenos Doukas of

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1152-474: Was excommunicated. He used the title princeps Arbanorum ("prince of the Albanians") to refer to himself and was recognized as such by foreign dignitaries. In the correspondence with Innocent III, the territory he claimed as princeps Arbanorum was the area between Shkodra , Prizren , Ohrid and Durrës ( regionis montosae inter Scodram, Dyrrachium, Achridam et Prizrenam sitae ). In general, Progoni brought

1188-564: Was replaced with Shqiptar in the 18th century. It is attributed directly to a Latin rendering of the tribal name Albanoi by Orel. Versions of "Arbën" have been observed since the 2nd century BC, the History of the World written by Polybius, mentions a location named Arbona (ancient greek Ἄρβωνα, latin Arbo) in which some Illyrian troops, under Queen Teuta, scattered and fled to in order to escape

1224-432: Was succeeded by his son Gjin , who died in 1208 (or 1207), and later by his other son Demetrius (Dhimitër). Demetrius was the third and last lord of the Progoni family , ruling between 1208 (or 1207) and 1216 (or 1215). He succeeded his brother Gjin and brought the principality to its climax. Since the beginning of his rule, Dhimitër Progoni sought out to create friendly networks in foreign policy in order to preserve

1260-508: Was the Greek-Albanian Lord or Prince of Krujë ( Arbanon ) in c.  1215 . Demetrios Chomatenos (1216–1236) mentioned him as having the title of sebastos , given to him by the emperor Alexios III Angelos after 1205, during his stay in the Despotate of Epirus at the court of his nephew Michael I Komnenos Doukas . He first married the daughter of Gjin Progoni , then married Serbian princess Komnena Nemanjić ,

1296-486: Was the area between Shkodra , Prizren , Ohrid and Durrës ( regionis montosae inter Scodram, Dyrrachium, Achridam et Prizrenam sitae ). In general, Progoni brought the principality to its climax. The area the principality controlled at this time, ranged from the Shkumbin river valley to the Drin river valley in the north and from the Adriatic sea to the Black Drin in the east. George Akropolites , who wrote in detail about

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