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38-800: The head of the sui iuris Armenian Catholic Church is the Armenian Catholic patriarch of Cilicia , whose main cathedral and de facto archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator , in Beirut , Lebanon. Armenian Caritas is the official aid organisation of the Catholic Church in Armenia. The Armenian Church took issue with the 451 Council of Chalcedon and formally broke off communion with

76-786: A Catholic, was elected as the patriarch of Sis . Two years later, Pope Benedict XIV formally established the Armenian Catholic Church. In 1749, the Armenian Catholic Church built a convent in Bzoummar , Lebanon. During the Armenian genocide in 1915–1918, the Church was scattered in neighboring countries, mainly in Lebanon and Syria. An Armenian Catholic community was also previously formed by Armenians living in Poland in

114-530: A basis for establishing a relationship with God . Technically speaking, liturgy forms a subset of ritual . The word liturgy , sometimes equated in English as " service ", refers to a formal ritual enacted by those who understand themselves to be participating in an action with the divine. The word liturgy ( / l ɪ t ə r dʒ i / ), derived from the technical term in ancient Greek ( Greek : λειτουργία ), leitourgia , which means "work or service for

152-453: A religious service, be it a sacramental service or a service of public prayer ; usually the former is the referent. In the ancient tradition, sacramental liturgy especially is the participation of the people in the work of God, which is primarily the saving work of Jesus Christ; in this liturgy, Christ continues the work of redemption. The term "liturgy" in Greek literally means to "work for

190-779: A similar college was founded in Los Angeles. The Mechitarists in particular were preoccupied with the problem of preserving Armenian identity. With the support of the Mekhitarists of Venice and Vienna, the Mekhitarian College was founded in Los Angeles. Many Armenians came to the United States and Canada from the Middle Eastern countries of Lebanon and Syria in the 1970s and in later years. Moreover, many Armenians migrated from Argentina, because of

228-739: Is a list of Catholicos Patriarchs of Cilicia of Armenian Catholics . The Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia was established in 1740 following a schism within the Armenian Patriarchate based in Cilicia and was recognized by the Pope on 26 November 1742. The Catholicos-Patriarch is the head of the Armenian Catholic Church , one of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with

266-523: Is almost always performed in front of an object or objects of veneration and accompanied by offerings of light, incense, water, and food. Frequently in Christianity , a distinction is made between "liturgical" and "non-liturgical" churches based on how elaborate or formal the worship; in this usage, churches whose services are unscripted or improvised are called "non-liturgical". Others object to this distinction, arguing that this terminology obscures

304-553: Is also a history of conversion of Armenians in Transylvania , which went hand in hand with their acculturation under Hungarian influence and policies (see Gherla and Dumbrăveni ). Their descendants are part of the Armenian community of modern-day Romania and are tended to by the Ordinariate for Armenian Catholics of Romania . The Armenian Rite liturgy , as celebrated in the Armenian language , developed prior to

342-669: Is the practice of physical and compulsory prayer in Islam as opposed to dua , which is the Arabic word for supplication . Its importance for Muslims is indicated by its status as one of the Five Pillars of Islam . Salat is preceded by ritual ablution and usually performed five times a day. It consists of the repetition of a unit called a rakʿah (pl. rakaʿāt ) consisting of prescribed actions and words. The number of obligatory ( fard ) rakaʿāt varies from two to four according to

380-652: The Byzantine Church , church buildings of the Armenian rite usually have only a few icons , but like some other Eastern churches have a barrier concealing the priest and the altar from the people during parts of the liturgy . The use of bishop's mitre is reminiscent of the influence Western missionaries once had upon both the miaphysite Orthodox Armenians as well as upon the Armenian Rite Catholics. Apart from Armenia, Georgia and Russia,

418-620: The Council of Florence in 1439, but did not have any real effects for centuries. Some Armenians converted to Catholicism, and in the absence of any specific Armenian Catholic Church in effect became Latins . In medieval China, local Armenians were converted to Catholicism by John of Montecorvino in Beijing and there was also an Armenian Franciscan Catholic community in Quanzhou . In 1740, Abraham-Pierre I Ardzivian, who had earlier become

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456-699: The Eparchy of Our Lady of Nareg in New York for Armenian Catholics. The appointment of Lebanon-born Bishop Mouradian was publicized in Washington on May 21 by Archbishop Pietro Sambi , Apostolic Nuncio to the United States . Next to North America , France holds the largest number of Armenian Catholics outside the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The Eparchy of Sainte-Croix-de-Paris was established in 1960 with Bishop Garabed Armadouni as exarch. Since 1977,

494-520: The Holy See and therefore part of the broader Catholic Church . (in parentheses in Armenian language using classical Armenian spelling ) Liturgy Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and participation in the sacred through activities reflecting praise , thanksgiving, remembrance, supplication , or repentance . It forms

532-593: The polis , the State, and during Rome's domination, the Roman Imperial authorities as "gifts" to the state and the people. Their performance became obligatory in the course of the 3rd century AD, as a form of taxation. The holder of a Hellenic leitourgia was not taxed a specific sum, but was assigned to subsidise a particular ritual, which could be performed with greater or lesser generosity or magnificence. The chief sphere remained that of civic religion, embodied in

570-648: The 1630s. The Armenian bishop of Leopolis (see Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Lviv ), Nicholas (Polish: Mikołaj) Torosowicz had entered into union with the Catholic Church. The community which had been historically centered in Galicia as well as in the pre-1939 Polish borderlands in the east , was expelled after World War II to present-day Poland and now has three parishes: in Gdańsk , in Gliwice and in Warsaw . There

608-418: The 19th century varied between 40.000 to 150.000 Armenian Catholics worldwide, and 136,400 in 1911 Independent sources estimate the number of Catholic Armenians in the early 21st century at 150,000, with sizable communities in Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Jerusalem, France and the United States. The Armenian Catholic Church is divided into Archdioceses , Eparchies , Apostolic Exarchates , Ordinariates for

646-419: The Armenian Catholic Church is found widely in the Armenian diaspora , notably in Lebanon (where the Armenian Catholic Church is headquartered), Syria, Egypt, Turkey, Iran, France, U.S.A., Canada, Argentina, Uruguay and Australia. Armenian Catholics originated in what is today Armenia, Georgia and Eastern Europe. Beginning in the late 1920s, persecution caused many Armenian Catholics to emigrate. In 1991, after

684-1008: The Armenian Catholic Church. In the 19th century Catholic Armenians from Western Armenia , mainly from the towns and cities of Karin ( Erzurum ), and from Constantinople and Mardin , traveled to the United States seeking employment. By the end of that century, many survivors of the Hamidian Massacres had concentrated in several U.S. cities, chiefly in New York . Catholic Armenian communities were also founded in New Jersey , in Boston and Detroit , as in Los Angeles and other cities of California . Catholic Armenian educational organizations were also founded in many cities. In Philadelphia and Boston , colleges were founded by Armenian sisters, educating hundreds of children. Later,

722-677: The Armenians , Sebaste, Tarsus Adana, Amida, Anazarbus, Ancyra, Artvin, Cesarea in Cappadocia, Garin, Kharput, Marasc, Melitene, Mush, Prusa, Tokat, Trapezus The Armenian Catholic Church produces a number of publications: The Armenian Catholic Church has presses that publish many liturgical, spiritual books, publications, pamphlets and translations from general Catholic publications. 33°59′04″N 35°41′03″E  /  33.9844°N 35.6842°E  / 33.9844; 35.6842 Armenian Catholic patriarch of Cilicia This

760-577: The Buddhist world. It is often done one or more times a day and can vary among the Theravada , Mahayana , and Vajrayana sects. The liturgy mainly consists of chanting or reciting a sutra or passages from a sutras , a mantra (especially in Vajrayana), and several gathas . Depending on what practice the practitioner wishes to undertake, it can be done at a temple or at home. The liturgy

798-531: The Chalcedonian Churches at the 3rd Synod of Dvin in 610. Some Armenian bishops and congregations made attempts to restore communion with the Chalcedonian Churches after the 6th Ecumenical Council of 681. During the Crusades in 1198, the Church of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia entered into union with the Catholic Church, an attempt that did not last. The union was later re-established during

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836-739: The Faithful of the Eastern Rite and Patriarchal Exarchates , each of which has functions similar to a diocese . The Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of the See of Cilicia is the supreme authority of the Armenian Catholic Church. On 23 September 2021, Raphaël Bedros XXI Minassian was elected as the Church's new patriarch. Below is a list of the jurisdictions with their number of adherents. Achrida (Ohrid), Pessinus, Traianopolis in Rhodope Chalcedon, Colonia in Armenia, Mardin, Nisibis of

874-748: The Immaculate Conception runs a school in Marseille. The Catholic Armenian Community of São Paulo was founded in 1935, as the Chaplaincy of the Catholic Armenian Mission , responding to requests from Armenian immigrants who had settled in Brazil since 1923, mostly from Marach , actually a city of Turkey. The church is between the metro stations Armênia and Tiradentes , at Tiradentes Avenue #718. Estimates from

912-690: The Latin "ministerium") is a duty for Christians as a priestly people by their baptism into Christ and participation in His high priestly ministry. It is also God's ministry or service to the worshippers. It is a reciprocal service. Historically, there was a Christian thought that stresses the idea of the entire liturgy being needed to transform the bread and wine into Eucharistic elements (see Eucharist ). This may have been prevalent especially in Egypt. Usually, many Christian churches designate one person who participates in

950-463: The coreligionists on the other side of the border. Today Catholic Armenians of Samtskhe-Javakheti live together in Akhaltsikhe and in the nearby villages, as well as in the regions of Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda. The communities in the last two regions, which are mainly rural, are found in rather distant areas, but the most important link is the historical memory of Catholicism. A small seminary

988-600: The diocese, which has jurisdiction over Canadian and American Catholics who are members of the Armenian Catholic Church, became Manuel Batakian . According to a news release by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops published on Monday, May 23, 2011, Pope Benedict XVI , named Archpriest Mikaël Antoine Mouradian , superior of the Convent of Notre Dame in Bzommar, Lebanon , as the new bishop of

1026-618: The economic crisis there. At the same time, many Catholic Armenians moved within the United States to San Francisco , San Diego , Chicago , Washington D.C. , Atlanta , Miami and Indianapolis . In 2005, by Pope Benedict XVI 's decision, the Catholic Exarchate of the USA and Canada was raised to the status of a diocese . It serviced 35,000 Catholic Armenians in the United States and some 10,000 in Canada. The bishop, or eparch, of

1064-713: The eparchy has been led by Bishop Krikor Gabroyan. There are some 30,000 Armenian Catholics in the eparchy, the headquarters of which are in Paris. Apart from the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Paris, the eparchy has six churches: in Arnouville-lès-Gonesse , Lyon , Marseille , Saint-Chamond , Sèvres and Valence . A community of Mekhitarist Fathers resides in Sèvres and a convent of Armenian Sisters of

1102-689: The fall of the Soviet Union , the Bishop of Rome , Pope John Paul II merged the communities in Georgia and Russia with those in Armenia, creating the new Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Eastern Europe , with its residence in Gyumri. The city was not chosen by chance: most Catholic Armenians live in the northern parts of Armenia. This has become a kind of basis for fence-mending with

1140-597: The festivals: M.I. Finley notes "in Demosthenes ' day there were at least 97 liturgical appointments in Athens for the festivals, rising to 118 in a (quadrennial) Panathenaic year ." Groups of rich citizens were assigned to subsidise civic amenities and even warships. Eventually, under the Roman Empire , such obligations, known to Romans as munera , devolved into a competitive and ruinously expensive burden that

1178-536: The people" is a literal translation of the two affixes λήϊτος, "leitos", derived from the Attic form of λαός ("people, public"), and ἔργον, "ergon", meaning "work, service". In origin, it signified the often expensive offerings wealthy Greeks made in service to the people, and thus to the polis and the state. Through the leitourgia , the rich carried a financial burden and were correspondingly rewarded with honours and prestige. Specific leitourgia were assigned by

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1216-473: The people", but a better translation is "public service" or "public work", as made clear from the origin of the term as described above. The early Christians adopted the word to describe their principal act of worship, the Sunday service (referred to by various terms, including Holy Eucharist, Holy Communion, Mass or Divine Liturgy), which they considered to be a sacrifice . This service, liturgy, or ministry (from

1254-613: The post-Chalcedonian interruption of communion and hence is historically common to all Armenian Christians. It is patterned after the directives of Saint Gregory the Illuminator , founder and patron saint of the Armenian Church. It is used by both the Armenian Apostolic Church , by the Armenian Catholic Church, and by a significant number of Eastern Catholic Christians in the Republic of Georgia. Unlike

1292-404: The time of day or other circumstances (such as Friday congregational worship, which has two rakats). Prayer is obligatory for all Muslims except those who are prepubescent , menstruating , or in puerperium stage after childbirth. Jewish liturgy is the prayer recitations that form part of the observance of Rabbinic Judaism . These prayers, often with instructions and commentary, are found in

1330-546: The universality of public worship as a religious phenomenon. Thus, even the open or waiting worship of Quakers is liturgical, since the waiting itself until the Holy Spirit moves individuals to speak is a prescribed form of Quaker worship, sometimes referred to as "the liturgy of silence". Typically in Christianity, however, the term "the liturgy" normally refers to a standardised order of events observed during

1368-438: The worship service as the liturgist. The liturgist may read announcements, scriptures, and calls to worship, while the minister preaches the sermon, offers prayers, and blesses sacraments. The liturgist may be either an ordained minister or a lay person. The entire congregation participates in and offers the liturgy to God. Salāt ("prayer", Arabic : صلاة ṣalāh or gen : ṣalāt ; pl. صلوات ṣalawāt )

1406-447: Was avoided when possible. Munera included a wide range of expenses having to do with civic infrastructure and amenities; festivals and games ( ludi ) and imperial obligations such as highway, bridge and aqueduct repair, supply of various raw materials, and feeding troops in transit. Buddhist liturgy is a formalized service of veneration and worship performed within a Buddhist Sangha in nearly every traditional denomination and sect in

1444-858: Was established in Gyumri , Armenia, in 1994; there candidates for the priesthood engage in basic studies before moving to the Pontifical College of the Armenians (established 1885) in Rome, where they pursue philosophy and theology. There are also tens of thousands of Armenian Catholics in Russia , due to the extensive migration from Armenia to Russia that has occurred since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Currently around 1.5 million Armenians live in North America , of which 35,000 belong to

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