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80-564: The Atlas Supervisor was the program which managed the allocation of processing resources of Manchester University's Atlas Computer so that the machine was able to act on many tasks and user programs concurrently . Its various functions included running the Atlas computer's virtual memory (Atlas Supervisor paper, section 3, Store Organisation) and is ‘considered by many to be the first recognisable modern operating system ’. Brinch Hansen described it as "the most significant breakthrough in

160-817: A M.S. as professors too (and rarely, some big universities who need part-time or temporary instructors, or temporary staff), but when the positions are scarce and the applicants are many, they might prefer Ph.D. holders instead. Skills that a chemist may need on the job include: Most chemists begin their lives in research laboratories . Many chemists continue working at universities. Other chemists may start companies, teach at high schools or colleges, take samples outside (as environmental chemists ), or work in medical examiner offices or police departments (as forensic chemists ). Some software that chemists may find themselves using include: Increasingly, chemists may also find themselves using artificial intelligence , such as for drug discovery . Chemistry typically

240-403: A Master of Science (M.S.) in chemistry or in a very related discipline may find chemist roles that allow them to enjoy more independence, leadership and responsibility earlier in their careers with less years of experience than those with a bachelor's degree as highest degree. Sometimes, M.S. chemists receive more complex tasks duties in comparison with the roles and positions found by chemists with

320-559: A Ph.D. more often than not. Chemists with a Ph.D. as the highest academic degree are found typically on the research-and-development department of an enterprise and can also hold university positions as professors. Professors for research universities or for big universities usually have a Ph.D., and some research-oriented institutions might require post-doctoral training. Some smaller colleges (including some smaller four-year colleges or smaller non-research universities for undergraduates) as well as community colleges usually hire chemists with

400-604: A bachelor's degree are most commonly involved in positions related to either research assistance (working under the guidance of senior chemists in a research-oriented activity), or, alternatively, they may work on distinct (chemistry-related) aspects of a business, organization or enterprise including aspects that involve quality control, quality assurance, manufacturing, production, formulation, inspection, method validation, visitation for troubleshooting of chemistry-related instruments, regulatory affairs , "on-demand" technical services, chemical analysis for non-research purposes (e.g., as

480-466: A bachelor's degree as their highest academic degree and with the same or close-to-same years of job experience. There are positions that are open only to those that at least have a degree related to chemistry at the master's level. Although good chemists without a Ph.D. degree but with relatively many years of experience may be allowed some applied research positions, the general rule is that Ph.D. chemists are preferred for research positions and are typically

560-435: A combination of education, experience and personal achievements), the higher the responsibility given to that chemist and the more complicated the task might be. Chemistry, as a field, have so many applications that different tasks and objectives can be given to workers or scientists with these different levels of education or experience. The specific title of each job varies from position to position, depending on factors such as

640-410: A complexity requiring an education with a chemistry degree, are commonly referred to as chemical technicians . Such technicians commonly do such work as simpler, routine analyses for quality control or in clinical laboratories , having an associate degree . A chemical technologist has more education or experience than a chemical technician but less than a chemist, often having a bachelor's degree in

720-409: A different field of science with also an associate degree in chemistry (or many credits related to chemistry) or having the same education as a chemical technician but more experience. There are also degrees specific to become a chemical technologist, which are somewhat distinct from those required when a student is interested in becoming a professional chemist. A Chemical technologist is more involved in

800-516: A house on the corner of Quay Street and Byrom Street which had been the home of the philanthropist Richard Cobden , and subsequently housed Manchester County Court . The locomotive designer Charles Beyer became a governor of the college and was the largest single donor to the college extension fund, which raised the money to move to a new site and construct the main building now known as the John Owens building. He also campaigned and helped fund

880-558: A hub and spoke structure, with the hub located at Manchester, and the spokes based at the University of Cambridge , Imperial College London , and the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign . In 2020 the university saw a series of student rent strikes and protests in opposition to the university's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic , rent levels and living conditions in the university's halls of residence. The protests ended with

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960-507: A legal request, for testing purposes, or for government or non-profit agencies); chemists may also work in environmental evaluation and assessment. Other jobs or roles may include sales and marketing of chemical products and chemistry-related instruments or technical writing. The more experience obtained, the more independence and leadership or management roles these chemists may perform in those organizations. Some chemists with relatively higher experience might change jobs or job position to become

1040-468: A manager of a chemistry-related enterprise, a supervisor, an entrepreneur or a chemistry consultant. Other chemists choose to combine their education and experience as a chemist with a distinct credential to provide different services (e.g., forensic chemists, chemistry-related software development, patent law specialists, environmental law firm staff, scientific news reporting staff, engineering design staff, etc.). In comparison, chemists who have obtained

1120-517: A negotiated rent reduction. In 2023, a second rent strike and student protest in opposition to the university's rent price and living conditions in the halls of residence started. The protests included occupations, marches and student's withholding their rent in University accommodation. The university's response to the protests included using bailiffs to evict occupiers and taking disciplinary action against some occupiers. Despite outcry from

1200-505: A rich German heritage. The Owens College Extension Movement formed their plans after a tour of mainly German universities and polytechnics. A Manchester mill owner, Thomas Ashton, chairman of the extension movement, had studied at Heidelberg University . Sir Henry Roscoe also studied at Heidelberg under Robert Bunsen and they collaborated for many years on research projects. Roscoe promoted the German style of research-led teaching that became

1280-613: A sale of unused assets. These include: The buildings around the Old Quadrangle date from the time of Owens College, and were designed in a Gothic style by Alfred Waterhouse and his son Paul Waterhouse . The first to be built was the John Owens Building (1873), formerly the Main Building; the others were added over the next thirty years. Today, the museum continues to occupy part of one side, including

1360-803: Is a member of the Russell Group , the N8 Group , and the US-based Universities Research Association . The University of Manchester, inclusive of its predecessor institutions, has had 26 Nobel laureates amongst its past and present students and staff, the fourth-highest number of any single university in the United Kingdom. The University of Manchester traces its roots to the formation of the Mechanics' Institute (later UMIST ) in 1824, and its heritage

1440-643: Is also known as " the central science ", thus chemists ought to have a well-rounded knowledge about science. At the Master's level and higher, students tend to specialize in a particular field. Fields of specialization include biochemistry , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry , inorganic chemistry , polymer chemistry , analytical chemistry , physical chemistry , theoretical chemistry , quantum chemistry , environmental chemistry , and thermochemistry . Postdoctoral experience may be required for certain positions. Workers whose work involves chemistry, but not at

1520-1094: Is divided into several major sub-disciplines. There are also several main cross-disciplinary and more specialized fields of chemistry. There is a great deal of overlap between different branches of chemistry, as well as with other scientific fields such as biology, medicine, physics, radiology , and several engineering disciplines. All the above major areas of chemistry employ chemists. Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include astrochemistry (and cosmochemistry ), atmospheric chemistry , chemical engineering , chemo-informatics , electrochemistry , environmental science , forensic science , geochemistry , green chemistry , history of chemistry , materials science , medical science , molecular biology , molecular genetics , nanotechnology , nuclear chemistry , oenology , organometallic chemistry , petrochemistry , pharmacology , photochemistry , phytochemistry , polymer chemistry , supramolecular chemistry and surface chemistry . Chemists may belong to professional societies specifically for professionals and researchers within

1600-759: Is home to four schools: Additionally, the faculty comprises a number of research institutes: the Centre for New Writing, the Institute for Social Change, the Brooks World Poverty Institute, Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute, the Manchester Institute for Innovation Research, the Research Institute for Cosmopolitan Cultures, the Centre for Chinese Studies, the Institute for Development Policy and Management,

1680-552: Is linked to Manchester's pride in being the world's first industrial city. The English chemist John Dalton , together with Manchester businessmen and industrialists, established the Mechanics' Institute to ensure that workers could learn the basic principles of science. John Owens , a textile merchant, left a bequest of £96,942 in 1846 (around £5.6 million in 2005 prices) to found a college to educate men on non-sectarian lines. His trustees established Owens College in 1851 in

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1760-483: Is named after Sir Bernard Lovell , a professor at the Victoria University of Manchester who first proposed the telescope . Constructed in the 1950s, it is the third largest fully movable radio telescope in the world. It has played an important role in the research of quasars , pulsars and gravitational lenses , and in confirming Einstein's theory of General Relativity . The Faculty of Humanities

1840-429: Is often related to the work of chemical engineers , who are primarily concerned with the proper design, construction and evaluation of the most cost-effective large-scale chemical plants and work closely with industrial chemists on the development of new processes and methods for the commercial-scale manufacture of chemicals and related products. The roots of chemistry can be traced to the phenomenon of burning . Fire

1920-552: Is situated in a Victorian Gothic building on Deansgate , in the city centre . It houses an important collection of historic books and other printed materials, manuscripts, including archives and papyri. The papyri are in ancient languages and include the oldest extant New Testament document, Rylands Library Papyrus P52 , commonly known as the St John Fragment . In April 2007 the Deansgate site reopened to readers and

2000-649: The John Rylands Library , the Tabley House Collection and the Jodrell Bank Observatory – a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The University of Manchester is considered a red brick university , a product of the civic university movement of the late 19th century. The current University of Manchester was formed in 2004 following the merger of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) and

2080-544: The Mediterranean , and beetles, armour and archery from Asia. In November 2004, the museum acquired a cast of a fossilised Tyrannosaurus rex called "Stan". The museum's first collections were assembled in 1821 by the Manchester Society of Natural History , and subsequently expanded by the addition of the collections of Manchester Geological Society. Due to the society's financial difficulties and on

2160-650: The Neo-Latin noun chimista , an abbreviation of alchimista ( alchemist ). Alchemists discovered many chemical processes that led to the development of modern chemistry. Chemistry as we know it today, was invented by Antoine Lavoisier with his law of conservation of mass in 1783. The discoveries of the chemical elements has a long history culminating in the creation of the periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleev . The Nobel Prize in Chemistry created in 1901 gives an excellent overview of chemical discovery since

2240-836: The Stephen Joseph Studio , a former German Protestant church and the Samuel Alexander Building, a grade II listed building erected in 1919 and home of the School of Arts, Languages and Cultures. In the Sackville Street Campus is the Sackville Street Building which was formerly UMIST's "Main Building". It was opened in 1902 by the then Prime Minister , Arthur Balfour . Built using Burmantofts terracotta ,

2320-421: The campus , however Manchester is not a campus university as the concept is commonly understood. It is centrally located in the city and its buildings are integrated into the fabric of Manchester, with non-university buildings and major roads between. The campus occupies an area shaped roughly like a boot: the foot of which is aligned roughly south-west to north-east and is joined to the broader southern part of

2400-651: The Centre for Equity in Education and the Sustainable Consumption Institute. A number of professional services, organised as "directorates", support the university. These include: Directorate of Compliance and Risk, Directorate of Estates and Facilities, Directorate of Finance, Directorate of Planning, Directorate of Human Resources, Directorate of IT Services, Directorate of Legal Affairs and Board Secretariat and Governance Office, Directorate of Research and Business Engagement, Directorate for

2480-413: The School of Medical Sciences and the School of Health Sciences. Biological Sciences have been taught at Manchester as far back as the foundation of Owens College in 1851. At UMIST, biological teaching and research began in 1959, with the creation of a Biochemistry department. The present school, though unitary for teaching, is divided into a number of sections for research purposes. The medical college

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2560-553: The Student Experience, Division of Communications and Marketing, Division of Development and Alumni Relations, Office for Social Responsibility and the University Library. Additionally, professional services staff are found within the faculty structure, in such roles as technician and experimental officer. Each directorate reports to the registrar, secretary and chief operating officer, who in turn reports to

2640-707: The UK. The Langworthy Professorship, an endowed chair at the university's Department of Physics and Astronomy, has been historically given to a long line of academic luminaries, including Ernest Rutherford (1907–19), Lawrence Bragg (1919–37), Patrick Blackett (1937–53) and more recently Konstantin Novoselov, all of whom have won the Nobel Prize. In 2013 Manchester was given the Regius Professorship in Physics,

2720-541: The University of Manchester announced the results of a review of the position of life sciences as a separate faculty. As a result of this review the Faculty of Life Sciences was to be dismantled, most of its personnel to be incorporated into a single medical/biological faculty, with a substantial minority being incorporated into a science and engineering faculty. The faculty is divided into the School of Biological Sciences ,

2800-400: The University of Manchester had endowments of £221.6 million (2021/22 – £223.5 million) and total net assets of £1.886 billion (2021/22 – £1.808 billion). The University of Manchester is the 3rd largest university in the UK (following The Open University and University College London). The University of Manchester attracts international students from 160 countries around

2880-546: The Victoria University of Manchester. This followed a century of the two institutions working closely with one another. The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology had its origins in the Mechanics' Institute , which was founded in 1824. The present University of Manchester considers this date, which is also the date of foundation of the Royal School of Medicine and Surgery , one of

2960-503: The advice of evolutionary biologist Thomas Huxley , Owens College accepted responsibility for the collections in 1867. The college commissioned Alfred Waterhouse , architect of London's Natural History Museum , to design a museum on a site in Oxford Road to house the collections for the benefit of students and the public. The Manchester Museum was opened to the public in 1888. Chemist Chemists use their knowledge to learn

3040-490: The boot by an area of overlap between former UMIST and former VUM buildings; it comprises two parts: The names are not officially recognised by the university, but are commonly used, including in parts of its website and roughly correspond to the campuses of the old UMIST and Victoria University respectively. Fallowfield Campus is the main residential campus in Fallowfield , approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south of

3120-502: The building is now Grade II listed . It was extended along Whitworth Street, towards London Road, between 1927 and 1957 by the architects Bradshaw Gass & Hope , completion being delayed due to the depression in the 1930s and the Second World War . The University of Manchester was divided into four faculties, but from 1 August 2016 it was restructured into three faculties, each sub-divided into schools. On 25 June 2015,

3200-407: The composition and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of subdisciplines of chemistry . Materials scientists and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists. The work of chemists

3280-667: The departments of: Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science , Computer Science , Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering . The School of Natural Sciences comprises the departments of: Chemistry , Earth and Environmental Sciences , Physics and Astronomy , Materials and Mathematics . The Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics comprises the university's astronomical academic staff in Manchester and Jodrell Bank Observatory on rural land near Goostrey , about ten miles (16 km) west of Macclesfield . The observatory's Lovell Telescope

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3360-488: The development was reversed. The Victoria University of Manchester and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology agreed to merge into a single institution in March 2003. Before the merger, Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST counted 23 Nobel Prize winners amongst their former staff and students, with two further Nobel laureates being subsequently added. Manchester has traditionally been strong in

3440-461: The end of the 2009–2010 academic year. His successor was Dame Nancy Rothwell , who had held a chair in physiology at the university since 1994. Nancy served as Vice Chancellor from 2010 to 2024 before handing over to Duncan Ivison . The Nancy Rothwell Building was named in her honour. One of the university's aims stated in the Manchester 2015 Agenda is to be one of the top 25 universities in

3520-560: The engineering chair, the first applied science department in the north of England. He left the college the equivalent of £10 million in his will in 1876, at a time when it was in great financial difficulty. Beyer funded the total cost of construction of the Beyer Building to house the biology and geology departments. His will also funded Engineering chairs and the Beyer Professor of Applied mathematics . The university has

3600-420: The exact roles of these chemistry-related workers as standard for that given level of education. Because of these factors affecting exact job titles with distinct responsibilities, some chemists might begin doing technician tasks while other chemists might begin doing more complicated tasks than those of a technician, such as tasks that also involve formal applied research, management, or supervision included within

3680-914: The field of chemistry, such as the Royal Society of Chemistry in the United Kingdom, the American Chemical Society (ACS) in the United States, or the Institution of Chemists in India. The "Global Chemists' Code of Ethics" suggests several ethical principles that all chemists should follow: This code of ethics was codified in a 2016 conference held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia , run by the American Chemical Society. The points listed are inspired by

3760-516: The formation of the National Graphene Institute . The University of Manchester is the "single supplier invited to submit a proposal for funding the new £45m institute, £38m of which will be provided by the government" – (EPSRC & Technology Strategy Board ). In 2013, an additional £23 million of funding from European Regional Development Fund was awarded to the institute taking investment to £61 million. In August 2012, it

3840-517: The fourth largest number of any single university in the United Kingdom (after Oxford, Cambridge and UCL) and the ninth largest of any university in Europe. Furthermore, according to an academic poll two of the top ten discoveries by university academics and researchers were made at the university (namely the first working computer and the contraceptive pill). The university currently employs four Nobel Prize winners amongst its staff, more than any other in

3920-517: The history of operating systems." This operating-system -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . University of Manchester The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester , England. The main campus is south of Manchester City Centre on Oxford Road . The university owns and operates major cultural assets such as the Manchester Museum , The Whitworth art gallery,

4000-419: The kind of industry, the routine level of the task, the current needs of a particular enterprise, the size of the enterprise or hiring firm, the philosophy and management principles of the hiring firm, the visibility of the competency and individual achievements of the one seeking employment, economic factors such as recession or economic depression , among other factors, so this makes it difficult to categorize

4080-619: The main site. There are other university buildings across the city and the wider region, such as Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire and One Central Park in Moston, a collaboration between the university and other partners which offers office space for start-up firms and venues for conferences and workshops, Following the merger, the university embarked on a £600 million programme of capital investment, to deliver eight new buildings and 15 major refurbishment projects by 2010, partly financed by

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4160-425: The management and operation of the equipment and instrumentation necessary to perform chemical analyzes than a chemical technician. They are part of the team of a chemical laboratory in which the quality of the raw material, intermediate products and finished products is analyzed. They also perform functions in the areas of environmental quality control and the operational phase of a chemical plant. In addition to all

4240-558: The most research income from UK industry of any institution in the country. The figures, from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA), show that Manchester attracted £24,831,000 of research income in 2016–2017 from UK industry, commerce and public corporations. Historically, Manchester has been linked with high scientific achievement: the university and its constituent former institutions combined had 25 Nobel laureates among their students and staff,

4320-466: The only one of its kind in the UK; the current holder is Andre Geim . The University of Manchester Library is the largest non- legal deposit library in the UK and the third-largest academic library after those of Oxford and Cambridge . It has the largest collection of electronic resources of any library in the UK. The John Rylands Library , founded in memory of John Rylands by his wife Enriqueta Augustina Rylands as an independent institution,

4400-530: The predecessor institutions of the Victoria University of Manchester, as its official foundation year, as indicated in its crest and logo. The founders of the institute believed that all professions somewhat relied on scientific principles. As such, the institute taught working individuals branches of science applicable to their existing occupations. They believed that the practical application of science would encourage innovation and advancements within those trades and professions. The Victoria University of Manchester

4480-450: The preferred choice for the highest administrative positions on big enterprises involved in chemistry-related duties. Some positions, especially research oriented, will only allow those chemists who are Ph.D. holders. Jobs that involve intensive research and actively seek to lead the discovery of completely new chemical compounds under specifically assigned monetary funds and resources or jobs that seek to develop new scientific theories require

4560-758: The president of the university. There is also a director of faculty operations in each faculty, overseeing support for these areas. In the financial year ending 31 July 2023, the University of Manchester had a total income of £1.346 billion (2021/22 – £1.218 billion) and total expenditure of £1.239 billion (2021/22 – £1.319 billion). Key sources of income included £659.9 million from tuition fees and education contracts (2021/22 – £638.2 million), £184.2 million from funding body grants (2021/22 – £136.5 million), £271.1 million from research grants and contracts (2021/22 – £270.6 million) and £36.0 million from endowment and investment income (2021/22 – £13.5 million). At year end

4640-596: The public after major improvements and renovations, including the construction of the pitched roof originally intended and a new wing. The Manchester Museum holds nearly 4.25 million items sourced from many parts of the world. The collections include butterflies and carvings from India, birds and bark-cloth from the Pacific, live frogs and ancient pottery from America, fossils and native art from Australia, mammals and ancient Egyptian craftsmanship from Africa, plants, coins and minerals from Europe, art from past civilisations of

4720-414: The responsibilities of that same job title. The level of supervision given to that chemist also varies in a similar manner, with factors similar to those that affect the tasks demanded for a particular chemist It is important that those interested in a Chemistry degree understand the variety of roles available to them (on average), which vary depending on education and job experience. Those Chemists who hold

4800-409: The role model for the red-brick universities. Charles Beyer studied at Dresden Academy Polytechnic. There were many Germans on the staff, including Carl Schorlemmer , Britain's first chair in organic chemistry, and Arthur Schuster , professor of physics. There was even a German chapel on the campus. In 1873, Owens College moved to new premises on Oxford Road , Chorlton-on-Medlock , and from 1880 it

4880-821: The sciences; it is where the nuclear nature of the atom was discovered by Ernest Rutherford , and the world's first electronic stored-program computer was built at the university. Notable scientists associated with the university include physicists Ernest Rutherford , Osborne Reynolds , Niels Bohr , James Chadwick , Arthur Schuster , Hans Geiger , Ernest Marsden and Balfour Stewart . Contributions in other fields such as mathematics were made by Paul Erdős , Horace Lamb and Alan Turing and in philosophy by Samuel Alexander , Ludwig Wittgenstein and Alasdair MacIntyre . The author Anthony Burgess , Pritzker Prize and RIBA Stirling Prize -winning architect Norman Foster and composer Peter Maxwell Davies all attended, or worked at, Manchester. The current University of Manchester

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4960-468: The sixth largest research income of any English university (after Oxford , University College London (UCL), Cambridge, Imperial and King's College London), and has been informally referred to as part of a "golden diamond" of research-intensive UK institutions (adding Manchester to the Oxford–Cambridge–London " Golden Triangle "). Manchester has a strong record in terms of securing funding from

5040-576: The start of the 20th century. At the Washington Academy of Sciences during World War I , it was said that the side with the best chemists would win the war. Jobs for chemists generally require at least a bachelor's degree in chemistry, which takes four years. However, many positions, especially those in research, require a Master of Science or a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.). Most undergraduate programs emphasize mathematics and physics as well as chemistry, partly because chemistry

5120-401: The students - which included a referendum where 97% of students voted for the university to reduce rent prices, the following year the university continued to increase rent prices for its students. Some of the university-owned accommodation increased by up to 10% in rent price, compared to the previous year. The university's main site contains most of its facilities and is often referred to as

5200-435: The three main UK research councils, EPSRC , Medical Research Council (MRC) and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), being ranked fifth, seventh and first respectively. In addition, the university is one of the richest in the UK in terms of income and interest from endowments: an estimate in 2008 placed it third, surpassed only by Oxford and Cambridge. The University of Manchester has attracted

5280-535: The top ten institutions worldwide in COPD research and treatment. In 1883, a department of pharmacy was established at the university and, in 1904, Manchester became the first British university to offer an honours degree in the subject. The School of Pharmacy benefits from links with Manchester Royal Infirmary and UHSM/ Wythenshawe and Salford Royal (formally known as Hope) hospitals providing its undergraduate students with hospital experience. Manchester Dental School

5360-572: The tower. The grand setting of the Whitworth Hall is used for the conferment of degrees, and part of the old Christie Library (1898) now houses Christie's Bistro. The remainder of the buildings house administrative departments. The less easily accessed Rear Quadrangle, dating mostly from 1873, is older in its completed form than the Old Quadrangle. Contact stages modern live performance for all ages, and participatory workshops primarily for young people aged 13 to 30. The building on Devas Street

5440-412: The training usually given to chemical technologists in their respective degree (or one given via an associate degree), a chemist is also trained to understand more details related to chemical phenomena so that the chemist can be capable of more planning on the steps to achieve a distinct goal via a chemistry-related endeavor. The higher the competency level achieved in the field of chemistry (as assessed via

5520-486: The world, following on from Alan Gilbert's aim to "establish it by 2015 among the 25 strongest research universities in the world on commonly accepted criteria of research excellence and performance". In 2011, four Nobel laureates were on its staff: Andre Geim , Konstantin Novoselov , Sir John Sulston and Joseph E. Stiglitz . The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) announced in February 2012

5600-408: The world. Well-known members of the university's current academic staff include computer scientist Steve Furber , economist Richard Nelson , novelist Jeanette Winterson , and Professor Brian Cox . The University of Manchester is a major centre for research and a member of the Russell Group of leading British research universities. In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework , the university

5680-464: Was a constituent college of the federal Victoria University . This university was established and granted a royal charter in 1880, becoming England's first civic university; following Liverpool and Leeds becoming independent, it was renamed the Victoria University of Manchester in 1903 and absorbed Owens College the following year. By 1905, the two institutions were large and active forces. The Municipal College of Technology, forerunner of UMIST,

5760-409: Was a mystical force that transformed one substance into another and thus was of primary interest to mankind. It was fire that led to the discovery of iron and glasses . After gold was discovered and became a precious metal, many people were interested to find a method that could convert other substances into gold. This led to the protoscience called alchemy . The word chemist is derived from

5840-422: Was announced that the university's Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences had been chosen to be the "hub" location for a new BP International Centre for Advanced Materials, as part of a $ 100 million initiative to create industry-changing materials. The centre will be aimed at advancing fundamental understanding and use of materials across a variety of oil and gas industrial applications and will be modelled on

5920-484: Was completed in 1999 incorporating parts of its 1960s predecessor. It has a unique energy-efficient ventilation system, using its high towers to naturally ventilate the building without the use of air conditioning. The colourful and curvaceous interior houses three performance spaces, a lounge bar and Hot Air , a reactive public artwork in the foyer. Other notable buildings in the Oxford Road Campus include

6000-579: Was established in 1874 and is one of the largest in the country, with more than 400 medical students trained in each clinical year and more than 350 students in the pre-clinical/phase 1 years. The university is a founding partner of the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , established to focus high-end healthcare research in Greater Manchester. In November 2018, Expertscape recognized it as one of

6080-484: Was founded in 1851, as Owens College. Academic research undertaken by the university was published via the Manchester University Press from 1904. Manchester is the third-largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment and receives over 92,000 undergraduate applications per year, making it the most popular university in the UK by volume of applications. The University of Manchester

6160-568: Was officially launched on 1 October 2004 when Queen Elizabeth II bestowed its royal charter . The university was named the Sunday Times University of the Year in 2006 after winning the inaugural Times Higher Education Supplement University of the Year prize in 2005. The founding president and vice-chancellor of the new university was Alan Gilbert , former vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne , who retired at

6240-481: Was ranked fifth in the UK in terms of research power and eighth for grade point average quality of staff submitted among multi-faculty institutions (tenth when including specialist institutions). In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework , the university was ranked fifth in the UK in terms of research power and fifteenth for grade point average quality of staff submitted among multi-faculty institutions (seventeenth when including specialist institutions). Manchester has

6320-409: Was rated the country's best dental school by Times Higher Education in 2010 and 2011 and it is one of the best funded because of its emphasis on research and enquiry-based learning approach. The university has obtained multimillion-pound backing to maintain its high standard of dental education . The Faculty of Science and Engineering is divided into two schools. The School of Engineering comprises

6400-547: Was the Victoria University of Manchester's Faculty of Technology while continuing in parallel as a technical college offering advanced courses of study. Although UMIST achieved independent university status in 1955, the universities continued to work together. However, in the late-20th century, formal connections between the university and UMIST diminished and in 1994 most of the remaining institutional ties were severed as new legislation allowed UMIST to become an autonomous university with powers to award its own degrees. A decade later

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