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58-841: Atmel serves applications including consumer , communications , computer networking , industrial, medical , automotive , aerospace and military . It specializes in microcontroller and touch systems, especially for embedded systems. Atmel's corporate headquarters is in San Jose, California , in the North San Jose Innovation District . Other locations include Trondheim, Norway ; Colorado Springs, Colorado ; Chennai, India ; Shanghai, China ; Taipei, Taiwan ; Rousset, France ; Nantes, France ; Patras, Greece ; Heilbronn, Germany ; Munich, Germany ; Whiteley, United Kingdom ; Cairo, Egypt . Atmel makes much of its product line at vendor fabrication facilities. It owns

116-477: A clear political significance. Concern over the interests of consumers has spawned consumer activism , where organized activists do research, education and advocacy to improve the offer of products and services. Consumer education has been incorporated into some school curricula. There are also various non-profit publications, such as Which? , Consumer Reports and Choice magazine , dedicated to assist in consumer education and decision making. In India,

174-876: A fab in Nantes , France. In September 2000, Atmel acquired a fabrication plant in North Tyneside , England, from Siemens , via a £28 million grant from the UK government and paying Siemens around US$ 35 million. Atmel streamlined operations with a strategy called "fab-lite". This started in 2005 when Atmel sold the MHS fab in Nantes France to Xbybus. In February 2006, Steven Laub became a director and in August president and chief executive officer. Under Laub Atmel divested more manufacturing plants and business lines. Atmel announced

232-477: A facility in Colorado Springs, Colorado that manufactures its XSense line of flexible touch sensors. In 2016, Microchip agreed to buy Atmel for US$ 3.6 (equivalent to $ 4.57 in 2023) billion in a deal brokered by JPMorgan Chase and Qatalyst . Atmel Corporation was founded in 1984, by George Perlegos . Atmel was an acronym for “advanced technology for memory and logic”. Perlegos had worked in

290-562: A joint project with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. They teamed up with Professor Alf Inge Wang and were later joined by Norwegian entrepreneur Åsmund Furuseth. In 2014, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research asked the country's universities and university colleges to provide suggestions, observations, and ideas for rebuilding Norway's institutions of higher education. The context of

348-450: A line of IR controllers that can support infrared as well as RF wireless. Atmel makes both touchscreen controller ICs and its XSense flexible touchscreen. The company makes sensor hubs that manage accelerometers, gyroscopes, inertial measurement units and magnetometers. These sensors give consumer products and embedded systems context awareness . The sensor hub offloads the main application processor and allows product functionality without

406-456: A microcontroller. They also sell the Zigbit module that comes with FCC certifications. Atmel also makes remote control RF products using the license-free ISM band (industrial scientific medical) frequencies (5.8 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 868 to 928 MHz, 433 MHz, and 315 MHz). The wireless segment also provides RFID chips for tracking, access and identification. Finally, Atmel offers

464-474: A notion of the consumer in relation to consumer protection laws, and the definition of consumer is often restricted to living persons (not corporations or businesses) and excludes commercial users. A typical legal rationale for protecting the consumer is based on the notion of policing market failures and inefficiencies, such as inequalities of bargaining power between a consumer and a business. As all potential voters are also consumers, consumer protection has

522-415: A publishing fund. In 2008 NTNU's digital institutional repository was founded. The intention was to establish a full-text archive for the documentation of the scientific output of the institution and to make as much as possible of the material available online, both nationally and internationally. In addition to the research articles and books, intended for academics and researchers both inside and outside

580-942: A trusted platform module that gives strong hardware-based public key ( RSA algorithm ) security for both personal computers and embedded processors on a single chip. Atmel makes LED driver chips. It also has a line of digital-output temperature sensors. The company also makes power management and analog companions (PMAAC) that combine a group of discrete ICs often used in handheld or battery-powered products. Integrated functions include audio codecs (compressor-decompressor), lithium-ion battery chargers, and stereo digital-to-analog converters . These products include custom integrated circuits designed to meet specialized single-customer requirements. Products include FPGAs , products with military and aerospace applications, and application-specific standard products (ASSP) for space applications, power management, and secure cryptographic memory products. Atmel modified or specialized many of its products for

638-588: A vital role in the economic system of a capitalist system and form a fundamental part of any economy. Without consumer demand , producers would lack one of the key motivations to produce: to sell to consumers. The consumer also forms one end of the chain of distribution . Recently in marketing , instead of marketers generating broad demographic profiles and Fisio-graphic profiles of market segments , marketers have started to engage in personalized marketing , permission marketing , and mass customization to target potential consumers. Largely due to

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696-689: Is a public research university in Norway and the largest in terms of enrollment. The university's headquarters is located in Trondheim , with regional campuses in Gjøvik and Ålesund . NTNU was inaugurated by the King-in-Council in 1996 as a result of the merger of the former University of Trondheim and other university-level institutions, with roots dating back to 1760. Later, some former university colleges were also incorporated. Depending on

754-437: Is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods , products, or services primarily for personal, social , family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities. The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use. "Consumers, by definition, include us all", said President John F. Kennedy , offering his definition to

812-587: Is a young institution with a long history. The university, in its current form, was established in 1996 by the merger of six research and higher education institutions in Trondheim, as follows: Prior to the merger, NTH, NLHT, DMF, and VM together constituted the University of Trondheim , which was a much looser organization. However, the university's root goes back to 1760, with the foundation of Det Trondhiemske Selskab (Trondheim Academy) , which in 1767 became

870-578: Is from microcontrollers. These include the AVR 8- and 32-bit microcontrollers, ARM architecture microprocessors, and ARM-based flash microcontrollers. In addition Atmel still makes microcontrollers that use the 8051 architecture, albeit improved to do single-cycle instructions. Supporting the microcontrollers is the Atmel Studio 7 integrated development environment which Atmel offers for free. They also provide an Atmel Software Framework. To provide for

928-754: Is integrated with St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and is located in Campus Øya in Trondheim. Its main areas of research are translational research, medical technology and health surveys, biobanks and registers. In 2016 the faculty had about 350 master's degree students, 250 bachelor's degree students, 720 medical students and more than 500 students attending other courses. The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences has eight departments: The Faculty of Natural Sciences has eight departments: The Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences has seven departments: The Faculty of Economics and Management has four departments: The NTNU University Museum forms part of

986-593: Is part of the ongoing activities at NTNU faculties as well as the University Museum. The university has 4377 scientific staff who conduct research in more than 120 laboratories , and are at any time running more than 2,000 research projects. Students and staff can take advantage of roughly 300 research agreements or exchange programs with 58 institutions worldwide. NTNU has identified four Strategic Research Areas for 2014–2023: NTNU Energy, NTNU Health, NTNU Oceans and NTNU Sustainability, which were chosen on

1044-647: The Internet of Things (IoT), Atmel offers dual-band 2.4 GHz/5 GHz a/b/g Wi-Fi chips from its Ozmo acquisition. Also, Atmel offers 2.4 GHz b/g/n Wi-Fi chips WILC1000/WILC3000 and WINC1500 from its Newport Media, Inc acquisition. WINC1500 provide a full 802.11 b/g/n network controller with full ip stack TCP/IP, UDP with upper layer protocols as DHCP, DNS, HTTP, SNTP, TLS etc. Also, Atmel makes wireless transceivers using regional 700/800/900 MHz, as well as global 2.4 GHz frequency bands, Some chips are standalone transceivers while others are integrated with

1102-580: The Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) which was established by Parliament in 1910 as Norway's national engineering university. In addition to engineering and natural sciences, the university offers higher education in other academic disciplines ranging from medicine, psychology, social sciences, the arts, teacher education, architecture and fine art. The university's academics include three Nobel laureates in physiology or medicine : Edvard Moser , May-Britt Moser and John O'Keefe . NTNU

1160-529: The Norwegian University of Science and Technology with Atmel's expertise in flash memory. These 8-bit Harvard architecture chips were first developed in 1996. The AVR chip is the basis of most Arduino open-source development boards. In 1998, Atmel purchased part of TEMIC from Vishay Intertechnology , which provided them with a fab in Germany as well as part of MHS from Vishay that gave them

1218-478: The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) . As early as 1989, NTH Rector Karsten Jakobsen had broached the idea of a Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. On 21 March 1995 the Parliament, with barely a majority after a long debate, decided to establish NTNU in Trondheim. In 2012 the popular trivia game Kahoot was founded in by Johan Brand, Jamie Brooker and Morten Versvik in

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1276-482: The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters . The engineering education in Trondheim began with Trondhjems Tekniske Læreanstalt (Trondheim Technical College) in 1870, and in 1910, Norwegian Institute of Technology ( NTH ) opened officially. In 2010, NTNU celebrated the 250th anniversary of Trondheim Academy. NTNU also celebrated the 100th anniversary of NTH in the same year. The centennial

1334-651: The United States Congress on March 15, 1962. This speech became the basis for the creation of World Consumer Rights Day, now celebrated on March 15. In his speech, John Fitzgerald Kennedy outlined the integral responsibility to consumers from their respective governments to help exercise consumers' rights, including: In an economy , a consumer buys goods or services primarily for consumption and not for resale or for commercial purposes. Consumers pay some amount of money (or equivalent) for goods or services. ) then consume (use up). As such, consumers play

1392-815: The smart metering product lines of IDT Corporation in March 2013. Atmel purchased Newport Media in July 2014. This will provide Atmel further capability in wireless Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. In October 2008, Atmel received an unsolicited offer from Microchip Technology and ON Semiconductor , estimated at US$ 2.3 billion. The offer was eventually rejected and the companies gave up on their hostile takeover attempt. However, in 2016, Microchip agreed to buy Atmel for $ 3.6 billion. JPMorgan Chase and Qatalyst Partners served as financial advisers to Microchip and Atmel, respectively. The company had previously heard offers from Cypress Semiconductor and Dialog Semiconductor in 2015, and

1450-661: The 12 cycles that legacy 8051 parts required. In 1994, Atmel purchased the EEPROM assets of Seeq Technology ( LSI Corporation acquired the rest of Seeq in 1999). In 1995, Atmel was among the first companies to license the ARM architecture , creating its AT91 family of devices, followed by the SAM family, and more recently a full selection of Cortex-based solutions, including ones based on the ultra-low-power ARM Cortex-M4 . Atmel now has dozens of families of ARM-based devices. In 1995, Atmel acquired

1508-517: The Colorado facility after acquiring Concurrent Logic, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) manufacturer. The company made its initial public offering (IPO) in 1991 which yielded more than US$ 65 million. 1994 saw Atmel enter the microprocessor market. The first Atmel flash memory microcontroller was based on the Intel 8051 . The controller executed an instruction for every clock cycle, as opposed to

1566-568: The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 differentiates the consumption of a commodity or service for personal use or to earn a livelihood. Only consumers are protected per this act and any person, entity or organization purchasing a commodity for commercial reasons are exempted from any benefits of this act. Norwegian University of Science and Technology The Norwegian University of Science and Technology ( NTNU ; Norwegian : Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet )

1624-549: The Danish-Norwegian king. DKNVS library – today known as NTNU Gunnerus Library – was founded in 1768, and is Norway's oldest library. First proposal for a Norwegian Polytechnical Institute was made in 1833. Trondhjems Tekniske Læreanstalt (Trondheim Technical College) or TTL was founded in 1870. The newly formed school educated engineers of various fields. In 1898, TTL moved to a larger building in Munkegata. TTL

1682-625: The EU Horizon 2020 Framework Program. NTNU works closely with SINTEF, Scandinavia's largest independent research institute and one of the largest contract research organizations in Europe, which is integrated into NTNU Campuses. The cooperation of NTNU and SINTEF has been further developed through the project "Better Together", which was launched in 2014. The research collaboration includes a number of joint research laboratories, for example: To increase Open Access publishing , NTNU has established

1740-725: The HUNT Research Centre and HUNT Biobank located in Levanger , is organized under the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. The fifteenth Kavli Institute was inaugurated at NTNU in 2007, as the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience , which was the fourth Kavli Institute in neuroscience in the world and the first Kavli Institute in Northern Europe. In 2012, Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg opened

1798-508: The Norwegian Brain Centre as an outgrowth of NTNU's Kavli Institute. It is one of the largest research laboratories of its kind in the world. NTNU has funded the fundamental long-term research and infrastructure through three Enabling Technologies such as NTNU Biotechnology, NTNU Digital and Nano@NTNU. NTNU Research Excellence is an initiative to develop elite researchers and research groups in international class, which

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1856-675: The acquisition of Advanced Digital Design S.A, a Spanish company that develops power line communication . Ozmo Devices, which developed products for Wi-Fi Direct , was acquired by Atmel in December 2012. Ozmo was founded in 2004 as H-Stream Wireless by Kateljin Vleugels and Roel Peeters, and was based in Palo Alto , California. In 2012, Atmel had approximately US$ 1.4 billion in annual revenue, with over 60% of their revenue from microcontrollers, and net income of US$ 30 million. Atmel purchased

1914-582: The automotive market. These products often have a wider temperature range or are specially qualified for automotive applications. These products include car access, touch control, radio, CAN, VAN, and LIN Bus networking, battery management, high-temperature drivers, and serial EEPROMs. Atmel also has chips specialized for the smart energy and smart metering markets. These chips combine microprocessors with tamper-proof hardware security and power line communication modems. The parts also integrate analog front-ends for accurate metrology. Consumer A consumer

1972-442: The basis of social relevance, professional quality and the potential for interdisciplinary cooperation. The university hosts six National Centres of Excellence (SFF), 12 Centres for Research-based Innovation (SFI), and three Centres for Environment-friendly Energy Research (FME), which are mainly funded by The Research Council of Norway . NTNU is also a partner in several centres with SINTEF. The Trøndelag Health Study , with

2030-468: The city. A unanimous NTNU board endorsed the recommendations in the vision report. On 1 January 2016, the merger between NTNU and the university colleges in Gjøvik, Ålesund, and Sør-Trøndelag officially entered into force, and NTNU consequently had campuses in Ålesund and Gjøvik, as well as in Trondheim. 2016 was also a transitional year in terms of NTNU's leadership. On 24 November 2015 the new Board met for

2088-401: The deal with Microchip was expected to be finalized at the end of Q2 2016. Atmel finally merged with Microchip Technology in July 2016 after prolonged negotiations for US$ 3.56 billion. Apple Computer purchased the old cul-de-sac where Atmel's HQ office sat. Paperwork was filed with the city of San Jose to change the name from "Atmel Way" to "Orchard Place." A large part of Atmel's revenue

2146-542: The first time. It was then extended to include board members from each of the three former university colleges and an external representative appointed by the Ministry of Education. NTNU is governed by a board of 11 members, in accordance with the provisions of the Norwegian Act relating to universities and university colleges . Two of the members are elected by and from the students. NTNU's overall budget in 2017

2204-615: The main two campuses. Other campuses include Tyholt for marine technology, Øya for medicine, Kalvskinnet for archaeology , Midtbyen for the music conservatory and Nedre Elvehavn for the art academy. NTNU Gløshaugen is an artistic combination of historical NTH buildings and modern buildings. Combined, the campuses span a total area of 734,000 m . In addition to NTNU, the following research institutes are located at Gløshaugen, and cooperate closely with NTNU in several areas of research and development: SINTEF , since its establishment in 1950, has its main departments at Gløshaugen. SINTEF

2262-449: The memory group of Intel in the 1970s and had co-founded Seeq Technology to manufacture EPROM memory. Using only US$ 30,000 in capital, Atmel was initially operated as a fabless company, using Sanyo and General Instrument to make the chip wafers. The first Atmel memory products used less power than competitors. Customers included Motorola , Nokia , and Ericsson . In 1987, Intel sued Atmel for patent infringement. Rather than fight

2320-587: The need to power the main processor. Atmel also makes simple touch controller chips for buttons, sliders, and wheels used on industrial and consumer products. To support the application of its touch controller chips, Atmel provides a free QTouch library of software routines. Atmel's original business was in memory, and it still sells several memory products. It offers serial and parallel EEPROM, as well as one-time programmable (OTP) EPROM. In addition, it offers secure memory with its CryptoMemory product line of EEPROMS in capacities from 1 to 256 kbits. In addition to

2378-643: The pan-European chipmaker European Silicon Structures (ES2) and thus gained a fabrication facility in Rousset , France. Atmel built a new fab alongside the existing ES2 fab. This business unit was named Atmel-ES2. Atmel acquired Digital Research in Electronic Acoustics and Music (DREAM) in 1996. Atmel formed a design team in Trondheim, Norway to develop the Atmel AVR line of RISC microcontrollers. This team combined technology of former students at

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2436-531: The patent claim, Atmel redesigned its products to use different intellectual property. These had better performance and even lower power consumption. In addition, Atmel then entered the flash memory business that Intel had focused on. Atmel used US$ 60 million in venture capital for the 1989 purchase of a fabrication facility from Honeywell in Colorado Springs. Atmel then invested another US$ 30 million in manufacturing technology. In 1991, Atmel expanded

2494-614: The possibility of bringing the two largest campuses together at or near NTNU's Gløshaugen campus. In 2013, the Rector initiated a vision project and charged it with defining different perspectives on future development in a 50-year perspective. The same year, 2013, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research initiated a choice of concept study for the future co-localization of NTNU's two main campuses in Trondheim. The reports were presented in 2014, and both recommended bringing Dragvoll and Gløshaugen together, and better integrating them with

2552-402: The ranking publication, the university typically ranks within a range of 101 and 400. As of November 2022, the university boasts an approximate 9,000 employees and 42,000 students. NTNU has the main national responsibility for education and research in engineering and technology . This is likely attributable to the fact that it is the successor of Norway's pre-eminent engineering university,

2610-794: The request was that the Norwegian government wanted to cut back on the number of institutions in the sector. The NTNU board decided on 28 January 2015 to merge NTNU with the University Colleges of Sør-Trøndelag, Ålesund and Gjøvik to form a new university that would retain the university's current name, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The merger, which went into effect in January 2016, made NTNU Norway's largest single university. NTNU has several campuses in Trondheim; Gløshaugen – for engineering and natural sciences – and Dragvoll – for humanities and social sciences – are

2668-401: The rise of the Internet , consumers are shifting more and more toward becoming prosumers , consumers who are also producers (often of information and media on the social web ) - they influence the products created (e.g. by customization, crowdfunding or publishing their preferences), actively participate in the production process , or use interactive products . The law primarily uses

2726-525: The sale of its North Tyneside facility (Fab9) on October 8, 2007. The manufacturing equipment was sold to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. ( TSMC ) and the property and associated land to Highbridge Business Park Limited . In 2008, Atmel sold their fab in Germany to Tejas semiconductor. In 2010, Atmel received approval from the French government to sell its fab to Germany-based LFoundry GmbH, while retaining their design center there. Atmel completed

2784-612: The sale of their Secure Microcontroller Solutions smart card business to INSIDE Secure. In February 2011, Atmel sold its Digital Research in Electronics, Acoustics and Music (DREAM) business, which sold products for karaoke and other entertainment machines, for US$ 2.3 million. Atmel's DataFlash serial interface flash memory products were sold to Adesto Technologies in October 2012. As Atmel divested several fabs and ancillary business lines, Laub also oversaw acquisitions. One strategy

2842-568: The secure memory mentioned above, they have the CryptoAuthentication product lines that provide hardware authentication capability with both symmetric and asymmetric-key algorithm authentication. These ICs are used in many applications, including secure access, communications, control, and to prevent cloned products like batteries or ink cartridges not approved by the product manufacturer. Atmel's CryptoRF products add hardware encrypted security to RFID applications. Finally Atmel offers

2900-426: The university at the same organizational level as the faculties. It has two departments: NTNU's history of research in engineering goes back to the early 20th century, when Norway's first electric railway, known as Thamshavn Line , was developed and constructed in Trondheim as an AC-powered tramway, with Trondheim-based technologies. The tramway was launched in 1908 and remained in operation until 1974. Now, research

2958-440: The university, NTNU disseminates news to the public about the institution and its research and results. Universitetsavisa , which translates to The University Newspaper , is the news and discussion paper of the university, available only in Norwegian. It was established in 1991. For a period it existed in both printed and digital editions, but since 2002 it is only available online. GEMINI publishes research news from NTNU and

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3016-627: Was 8.19 billion NOK, most of which came from the Norwegian Ministry of Education. As a result of the university merger in 2016, the number of NTNU faculties increased from seven to nine – including the University Museum – with approximately 39,000 students and approximately 2,500 PhD students. The eight NTNU faculties are organized in 55 departments: The Faculty of Architecture and Design has four departments: The Faculty of Humanities has seven departments: The Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering has seven departments: The Faculty of Engineering has eight departments: The Faculty

3074-521: Was also celebrated by the publication of several books, among them a history of the university, entitled "Turbulens og tankekraft. Historien om NTNU" which translates as "Turbulence and mindpower: The history of NTNU". Det Trondhiemske Selskab (Trondheim Academy), Norway's first academic society, was founded in 1760. In 1767, it changed its name to the Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters (DKNVS) upon receiving recognition from

3132-869: Was disbanded in the 1900s, giving a way to a Norwegian Institute of Technology. In 1900, the Norwegian Parliament passed a resolution supporting the establishment of Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) in Trondheim. NTH was officially opened on 15 September 1910. Five academical departments were originally present in the parliament's resolution of 31 May 1900, such as Architecture and Urban Planning, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering (a. General and b. Naval, i.e. ship and ship engine construction), Electrical engineering, and Chemistry (a. General and b. Electro-chemistry). In 1922, Norwegian College of Teaching in Trondheim (NLHT) opened at Lade gård. In 1950, Stiftelsen for industriell og teknisk forskning (Industrial and Technical Research Centre) or SINTEF

3190-618: Was founded as part of NTH and as its link to Norwegian industry. The University of Trondheim (UNiT) was established in 1968, and the Department of Medicine (later the Faculty of Medicine) was established as part of UNiT in 1974. It was designed by the architect Henning Larsen. In 1984, NLHT also absorbed the Norwegian College of General Sciences (AVH) as part of UNiT. On 1 January 1996, the University of Trondheim became

3248-636: Was launched in 2013, and includes established and new initiatives. The established initiatives are financed by the Research Council of Norway, the EU, and private-sectors (R&D), while the new initiatives are funded by NTNU's own funds in light of strategic prioritization of NTNU's resources. These cover a number of research funding schemes including Outstanding Academic Fellows Programme, Onsager Fellowship Programme, K.G. Jebsen Centres, EU projects, and ERC grants. NTNU participates in about 218 projects in

3306-634: Was originally founded by NTH, but since 1980 has been an independent research institute. In 1998, the Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), an independent research institute, moved into a new building at Gløshaugen, relocating from Gaustad in Oslo. In April 2013, the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) moved into a new building south of the Natural Science building. NINA often works closely with SINTEF and NTNU. NTNU has long considered

3364-505: Was to participate in the touch screen market, both in the semiconductor chips and the sensors themselves. In 2008, Atmel bought Queens Award-winning Quantum Research Group Ltd. (now known as Atmel Technologies Ireland Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary), a supplier of capacitive sensing technology. Work done at Quantum, led to the 2012 release of Atmel's XSense product line, a flexible touch screen based on copper mesh electrodes. Atmel moved into Internet of things technology. They completed

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