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15-473: AFC systems often consist of the following components (the "tier" terminology is common, but not universal): In addition to processing electronic fare media, many AFC systems have equipment on vehicles and stations that accepts cash payment in some form. AFC systems originated with tokens or paper tickets dispensed by staff or from self-service vending machines. These have generally been replaced with magnetic stripe cards . Since their introduction in 1997 with

30-935: A central computer, and thus were not suitable for buses. Similar systems are still in use on Japan and Taiwan’s commuter railroads, and the London Underground. Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA)’s desire for simpler AFC systems resulted in Duncan (traditionally a parking meter vendor) developing turnstile machines for entry-only subway fare collection. Chicago Transit Authority (CTA)’s ChicagoCard, Boston Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA)’s previous generation “T-Pass”, and New York City Transit (NYCT)’s MetroCard systems could all be considered MARTA’s 1977 system’s conceptual descendants. Bus fareboxes had hitherto been much simpler devices, mechanically registering coins deposited on accumulating registration counters. Duncan’s 1973 “Faretronic” farebox

45-576: A central system similar to those used in stock exchanges can be used to provide financial management and other services to the operators such as: Canada's first public transit agency, the Toronto Street Railway Co., started in 1861 with a horse-drawn streetcar service but it was not until 1912 that the City of Toronto began deliberations on fare collection. It was not until 126 years later (in 1987) that Mississauga Transit became one of

60-487: A date/time onto paper tickets to provide proof of valid payment for a conductor. Used to concentrate data communications with devices in a station or bus depot. Common in older AFC systems where communication lines to upper tiers were slow or unreliable. Servers and software to provide management and oversight of the AFC system. Usually includes: In environments where multiple system operators share common, interoperable media,

75-739: Is an agency within the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) that provides financial and technical assistance to local public transportation systems. The FTA is one of ten modal administrations within the DOT . Headed by an Administrator who is appointed by the President of the United States , the FTA functions through Washington, D.C. headquarters office and ten regional offices which assist transit agencies in all states,

90-525: Is essential. But at least as important are steps to promote economic efficiency and livability in areas of future development. Our national welfare therefore requires the provision of good urban transportation, with the properly balanced use of private vehicles and modern mass transport to help shape as well as serve urban growth." President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 into law, which passed

105-828: The District of Columbia , and the territories. Until 1991, it was known as the Urban Mass Transportation Administration ( UMTA ). Public transportation includes buses , subways , light rail , commuter rail , monorail , passenger ferry boats, trolleys , inclined railways , and people movers . The federal government, through the FTA, provides financial assistance to develop new transit systems and improve, maintain, and operate existing systems. The FTA oversees grants to state and local transit providers, primarily through its ten regional offices. These providers are responsible for managing their programs in accordance with federal requirements, and

120-597: The House by a vote of 212-129 and cleared the Senate 52–41, creating the Urban Mass Transportation Administration . The agency was charged with providing federal assistance for mass transit projects, including an initial $ 375 million in capital assistance over three years as mandated by the act. In 1991, the agency was renamed the Federal Transit Administration . The current acting Administrator

135-516: The Octopus card in Hong Kong, contactless smart cards have become the standard fare media in AFC systems, though many systems support multiple media types. More recently, contactless smart cards from bank networks have been seen more frequently in AFC. These take numerous forms, including: Unattended devices are often called "validators", a term which originated with devices that would stamp

150-408: The FTA is responsible for ensuring that grantees follow federal mandates along with statutory and administrative requirements. In 1962, President John F. Kennedy sent a major transportation message to the U.S. Congress . It called for the establishment of a program of federal capital assistance for mass transportation. President Kennedy stated, "To conserve and enhance values in existing urban areas

165-489: The United States were installed experimentally in 1964 at Forest Hills and Kew Gardens Long Island Rail Road stations in Queens; the first systemwide installation was on Illinois Central Railroad (IC) in 1965 for its busy Chicago commuter service (today's Metra Electric .) Financed entirely from private funds, AFC was expected to reduce operating costs by decreasing on-board crew sizes and eliminating station agents at all but

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180-640: The busiest stations. Cubic ’s IC system featured entry-exit swipes (NX) to enforce zonal fare structures, checks against fraud, used ticket collection, and ridership/revenue data collection capabilities. It served as a prototype for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), and Philadelphia’s Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO) Lindenwold Line NX-zonal AFC systems. These railroad-style systems required complex computer data processing on faregates or remotely on

195-591: The first Transit Agencies in Canada to implement an Electronic Farebox. Since then, almost every major city in Canada has adopted use of electronic fare boxes. Notably, Canada also produces fare collection devices for various transit agencies in North America. Trapeze Group. , located in Mississauga , Ontario , currently manufactures and develops high tech fare collection solutions. The first faregates in

210-683: Was introduced in 2006. This is a list of a few notable AFC systems. (See List of smart cards for a comprehensive list of AFC and other systems based on contactless smart cards.) Magnetic stripe cards Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.236 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 973488210 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 10:51:28 GMT Urban Mass Transit Administration The Federal Transit Administration ( FTA )

225-621: Was the first to electronically count coins and collect revenue/ridership data by fare class. Keene quickly followed suit, introducing a design meeting Urban Mass Transit Administration (UMTA) Section 15 reporting requirements, also collecting fuel consumption and bus mileage data. In New York, mechanical fareboxes were preferred for ease of maintenance until widespread deployment of Cubic's MetroCard for buses in 1997. Venerable GFI fareboxes featuring magnetic pass readers requiring cash single fares lasted in Boston until Scheidt-Bachmann ’s CharlieCard

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