19-562: The Augsburger is an endangered German breed of domestic chicken . It originates from the area of the city of Augsburg , in the Swabian region of the state of Bavaria , in southern Germany. It was bred in the nineteenth century, and derives mostly from the French La Flèche breed. It is the only chicken breed of Bavarian origin. The Augsburger was created by Julius Meyer, of the small town of Haunstetten , now part of
38-754: A unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use. Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs , these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often. Most farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production. Some breeds are raised mainly for meat: The generalist breeds used in barnyards worldwide are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds. Since
57-608: Is the official book of breed standards of the American Poultry Association . It classifies and describes the standard physical appearance, coloring and temperament for many breeds of poultry recognized in the United States, including chickens , ducks , turkeys , geese and guinea fowl , but not pigeons . The earliest book of breed standards for the poultry fancy in North America
76-413: The 19th century, poultry fancy , the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in
95-723: The 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed standards set down by governing organizations. The first of such standards was the British Poultry Standard , which is still in publication today. Other standards include the Standard of Perfection , the Australian Poultry Standard , and the standard of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with bantam fowl. Only some of
114-660: The Augsburger is that of Jean Bungartz in 1885. The Augsburger became popular, and spread to the area of Stuttgart and as far as the Black Forest . A breeders' association was formed in 1923 at Mühlhausen , in the Ruhr , but did not last long. Under the National Socialist régime the Augsburger was not officially recognised, and could not be exhibited at poultry shows . In 1938 a new breeders' association,
133-689: The Sonderverein der Züchter des Augsburger Huhnes, was formed. From the 1960s the Augsburger began to suffer from competition from specialised high-productivity breeds, and its popularity waned. Today the Augsburger is a rare breed. It is listed in category I, "extremely endangered", on the Rote Liste of the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen . In 2005, 40 cocks and 164 hens were recorded; in 2009 there were 35 breeders with 64 cocks and 289 hens. A bantam Augsburger
152-862: The auspices of the American Poultry Society. The full title was The Standard of Excellence as adopted by the American Poultry Society, being a reprint of the same as compiled and adopted by the London Poultry Club, with alterations and additions, adapting it to America . It was a reprint – with modifications – of The Standard of Excellence in Exhibition Poultry, authorized by the Poultry Club edited by William Bernhardt Tegetmeier , published in London in 1865, and later included as an appendix to The Poultry Book by
171-412: The city of Augsburg , in the Swabian region of the state of Bavaria , in southern Germany. In 1870 or 1880, he cross-bred birds of the French La Flèche breed, prized for the quality of its meat, with an Italian breed or type – now extinct – named Lamotta, which was a good layer of eggs. The aim was to create a dual-purpose chicken which would combine both qualities. The first written description of
190-515: The combined factors of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring. The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering, egg color, and place of origin. They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose. In
209-489: The definition of a breed . Most crossbreed strains are sex linked , allowing for easy chick sexing . Roberts, Victoria (2008). British Poultry Standards . Oxford, UK: Blackwell. ISBN 9781405156424 . Complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain. Standard of Perfection The American Standard of Perfection
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#1732794539590228-440: The developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit as fighting cocks . denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes. denotes a game breed. Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature . Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter
247-821: The first American Standard of Perfection was published, edited by J.H. Drevenstedt. The full title was The American Standard of Perfection, as adopted by the Association, at its twenty-second annual meeting, at Boston, Massachusetts, 1898. Containing a Complete Description of all the Recognized Varieties of Fowls . Nineteen classes of poultry are recognized by the American Poultry Association. Eleven are for chickens, of which six are for standard fowl and five for bantams . There are four classes of ducks and three classes of geese, each divided by weight. Turkeys and guinea fowl each form
266-1336: The known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities. By place of origin : Afghanistan • Albania • Australia • Austria • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China • Croatia • Cuba • Czech Republic • Egypt • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Iceland • India • Indonesia • Iran • Italy • Japan • Korea • Kosovo • Malaysia • Myanmar • Netherlands • Norway • Pakistan • Philippines • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • South Africa • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Thailand • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Vietnam By primary use : Eggs • Meat • Dual-purpose • Exhibition Other : Bantams • Hybrids See also • References • Sources All chickens lay eggs , have edible meat , and possess
285-468: The same author, published in London in 1867. The first edition to be published by the American Poultry Association – which was constituted in 1873/1874 – was the American Standard of Excellence in 1874. Further and expanded editions appeared in 1875 and 1878. An illustrated edition, with drawings of the outlines of twenty birds, was published in 1888, but was later withdrawn. In 1902
304-438: The size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include: Many common strains of crossbred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards ; thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, crossbreeds do not technically meet
323-461: The v-shaped comb of the La Flèche breed. The earlobes are white. The Augsburger is a dual-purpose breed, with good meat qualities. Hens lay approximately 180 white eggs per year, which average 58 g in weight. List of chicken breeds There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence. Domesticated for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since
342-485: Was published in 1867 as the Standard of Excellence , under the auspices of the American Poultry Society ; the first such work to be published by the American Poultry Association – which was constituted in 1873/1874 – was the American Standard of Excellence in 1874. The first book of breed standards for the poultry fancy in North America was the Standard of Excellence , published in 1867 under
361-612: Was recognised in 1975. The Augsburger is well adapted to the climatic conditions of its area of origin, the Bavarian Plateau . The usual plumage colouring is black, with greenish lights; after the Re-unification of Germany in 1990, a new colour variant , blue-laced, was added to the standard. The Augsburger has an unusual cup-shaped or rose- comb , similar to that of the Siciliana breed of Sicily, and quite unlike
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