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84-482: The Augustiner Museum is a museum in Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany located in the former Augustinian Monastery building. It is undergoing an extensive renovation and expansion, the first phase of which ended in 2010. The museum is located in a former Augustinian monastery which was rebuilt between 1914 and 1923. The First World War not only interrupted the rebuilding but also severely restricted it compared to

168-432: A Gothic edifice. In 1218, when Bertold V died, then Egino V von Urach, the count of Urach assumed the title of Freiburg's count as Egino I von Freiburg. The city council did not trust the new nobles and wrote down its established rights in a document. At the end of the thirteenth century there was a feud between the citizens of Freiburg and their lord, Count Egino II of Freiburg. Egino II raised taxes and sought to limit

252-772: A German Language and Area Studies program where visiting students get to take classes at the University of Freiburg . The DFG / LFA Freiburg , a French-German high school established by the 1963 Élysée Treaty , is in the city. UWC Robert Bosch College is among the newest members of the United World Colleges (UWC) movement, one of its eighteen colleges around the world, having started accepting students in September 2014. Christianity Freiburg belonged to Austria until 1805 and remained Catholic, although surrounding villages like Haslach , Opfingen, Tiengen, and

336-622: A balance between city traditions and old Roman Law . The reforms were well received, especially the sections dealing with civil process law, punishment, and the city's constitution. In 1520, Freiburg decided not to take part in the Reformation and became an important centre for Catholicism on the Upper Rhine . Erasmus moved here after Basel accepted the Reformation. In 1536, a strong and persistent belief in witchcraft led to

420-682: A city of over 100,000 people. The current mayor of Freiburg is Martin Horn since 2018. He was previously a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) but left before running for mayor. In the election, he was supported by the SPD and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The most recent mayoral election was held on 22 April 2018, with a runoff held on 6 May, and the results were as follows: The Freiburg city council governs

504-700: A free Lutheran church, is situated in Freiburg. There are multiple other free Protestant churches: e.g., the Calvary Chapel or Chrischona International. An old congregation has existed in Freiburg since the late 1900s, which utilises the old monastery church of the Ursulines in the black monastery at the border of the old city center. The Catholic Church of St. Maria Schutz has been made available for Masses by Greek, Serbian, Russian and Rumanian Orthodox congregations. Judaism Jews are said to have lived in

588-705: A large collection of prints and drawings , decorative art, domestic artefacts from the Black Forest region, collections of coins and timepieces, and a 14th-century carpet. In 2010 the museum did not make it to the final stage of the Awards for Innovative Developments in Tourism by the British Guild of Travel Writers , but came in sixth. Since 2004 a general reconstruction of the building site has been taking place. Christoph Mäckler, an architect from Frankfurt,

672-545: A large portion of the city centre, with the notable exception of the Münster , which was only lightly damaged. After the war, the city was rebuilt on its medieval plan. On 22 October 1940, the Nazi Gauleiter of Baden, Robert Heinrich Wagner , ordered the deportation of all of Baden's and 350 of Freiburg's Jewish population. They were deported to Camp Gurs in the south of France, where many died. On 18 July 1942,

756-475: A meeting place. To the east of the city centre, the Schlossberg hill provides extensive views over the city and surrounding region. The castle (Schloss) from which the hill takes its name was demolished in the 1740s, and only ruins remain. Schlossberg retained its importance to the city, however, and 150 years ago the city leaders opened up walks and views to make the mountain available to the public. Today,

840-706: A public reference library, situated in the administration building in the Gerberau 16. It emphasizes on contemporary art, art history, folklore and craftwork. The holdings are mostly available via the Südwestdeutscher Bibliotheksverbund. 47°59′38″N 7°51′09″E  /  47.99389°N 7.85250°E  / 47.99389; 7.85250 Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau ( German: [ˈfʁaɪbʊʁk ʔɪm ˈbʁaɪsɡaʊ] ; Alemannic : Friburg im Brisgau ; French : Fribourg-en-Brisgau ; lit. Freecastle in

924-428: A ribbon along the side wall. It is home to many statuettes and paintings. The organ case from the abbey church of Gengenbach, which was built in the 1720s, is the showpiece of the museum. The organ itself was attached by the local company M. Welte & Söhne in the year 1935. In the attic one can find paintings from the 19th century by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, Hans Thoma, Anselm Feuerbach and many more. The paintings show

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1008-465: A severely limited and provisional way. The building remained in this provisional state up until 2010. Due to contamination caused by wood preservation agents, some of the museum's wings had been closed for a number of years since they were mostly unusable. The administrative directors have been: In 2010, the Association of British Guild of Travel Writers British Guild of Travel Writers awarded

1092-469: Is 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long, runs from Günterstal up to a nearby mountain called Schauinsland . The city has an unusual system of gutters (called Freiburg Bächle ) that run throughout its centre. These Bächle , once used to provide water to fight fires and feed livestock, are constantly flowing with water diverted from the Dreisam . They were never intended to be used for sewage, and even in

1176-404: Is 42 kilometres (26 mi) to the south. The city is situated in the major wine-growing region of Baden and, together with Offenburg , serves as a tourist entry-point to the scenic Black Forest . According to meteorological statistics, Freiburg held the all-time German temperature record of 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) from 2003 to 2015. An old university town and archiepiscopal seat, it

1260-580: Is classified as ( Upper Rhenish ) Low Alemannic , and therefore most closely related to the other dialects of Baden north of Markgräflerland and south of Karlsruhe , to most dialects historically spoken in Alsace ( Alsatian ), and to Basel German . Freiburg was founded by Konrad and Duke Berthold III of the House of Zähringen in 1120 as a free market town; hence its name, which translates to "free (or independent) town". Frei means "free", and Burg , like

1344-418: Is decorated with statues and the coat of arms of four Habsburg emperors. The Altes Rathaus , or old city hall, was completed in 1559 and has a painted façade. The Platz der alten Synagoge "Old Synagogue Square" is one of the more important squares on the outskirts of the historic old city. The square was the location of a synagogue until it was destroyed on Kristallnacht in 1938. Zum Roten Bären ,

1428-399: Is the site of Freiburg's Münster , a gothic minster cathedral constructed of red sandstone, built between 1200 and 1530 and noted for its towering spire. The Historical Merchants' Hall ( Historisches Kaufhaus ), is a Late Gothic building on the south side of Freiburg's Münsterplatz . Built between 1520 and 1530, it was once the center of the financial life of the region. Its façade

1512-466: Is traversed by an extensive system of runnels called Bächle ( lit. small streams ), that are fed with water from the Dreisam and run on the side and sometimes in the middle of almost all streets and alleys, giving the city a unique touch. Freiburg has a high standard of living , and is known for its advanced environmental practices, which is embodied by projects like the creation of the sustainable district of Vauban . The dialect spoken in Freiburg

1596-568: The Breisgau ; mostly called simply Freiburg ) is the fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart , Mannheim and Karlsruhe . Its built-up area has a population of about 355,000 (2021), while the greater Freiburg metropolitan area ("Einzugsgebiet") has about 660,000 (2018). Freiburg is located in Baden , at the southwestern foothills of the Black Forest , on

1680-559: The Augustiner Museum in 1921, it is now a popular social space for Freiburg's younger residents. It has a number of restaurants and bars, including the local brewery 'Feierling', which has a Biergarten . On warm summer nights, hundreds of students gather here. At the centre of the old city is the Münsterplatz or Cathedral Square, Freiburg's largest square . A farmers' market is held here every day except Sundays. This

1764-780: The Catholic University of Applied Sciences Freiburg , the International University of Cooperative Education IUCE, three Max Planck institutes , five Fraunhofer institutes , and one Leibniz institute . The city is home to the IES Abroad European Union program, which allows students to study the development and activities of the EU . This is in addition to an Environmental Science and Sustainability program focused on Freiburg's famed green lifestyle and infrastructure. IES Abroad also offers

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1848-822: The Dreisam River, a tributary of the Elz . It is Germany's southwestern- and southernmost city with a population exceeding 100,000. It lies in the Breisgau , one of Germany's warmest regions, in the south of the Upper Rhine Plain . Its city limits reach from the Schauinsland summit (1,284 metres (4,213 ft)) in the Black Forest to 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the French border, while Switzerland

1932-577: The Franciscan friary on behalf of Emperor Joseph II . They had to take over the responsibility of the newly founded second parish St.Martin . On the other hand, the Franciscan friars who originally lived in the Franciscan monastery moved to the Augustinian. Further renovations were started in 2006, which changed the outer appearance of the buildings again. A new entrance with a foyer

2016-454: The German mediatization the monastery was closed in 1803 and the buildings were put to other use: The nave of the former Augustinian church was used as one of Germany´s first local theaters, which was housed there from 1823 to 1910. When the local theater opened the doors of its own building in 1910, the use of the nave no longer necessary. From 1874 on, the city stored its antiquities in

2100-641: The Master of the Housebook , Hans Thoma , and Franz Xaver Winterhalter . There is also a sculpture hall with four-metre-high stone prophets from Freiburg Cathedral , a church organ from Welte & Sons with an exterior from the 1730s, and a library of art and cultural history. The Museum of Municipal History ( Museum für Stadtgeschichte ) is a department of the Augustiner Museum. The collections that are not on display, or only partially, include

2184-567: The North Sea regions, and the Rhine and Danube rivers. In 1200, Freiburg's population numbered approximately 6,000 people. At about that time, under the rule of Bertold V , the last duke of Zähringen, the city began construction of its Freiburg Minster cathedral on the site of an older parish church. Begun in the Romanesque style, it was continued and completed 1513 for the most part as

2268-738: The Schlossbergbahn funicular railway connects the city centre to the hill. Other museums in the city include the Archaeology Colombischlössle Museum . Freiburg is bordered by the Black Forest mountains Rosskopf and Bromberg to the east, Schönberg and Tuniberg to the south, with the Kaiserstuhl hill region to the west. The Köppen climate classification classifies Freiburg's climate as temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ). Thus, July and August are, along with Karlsruhe ,

2352-681: The Superior General of the Augustinians when the former Prior of Konstanz was appointed as the Director (1782).He was appointed later on appointed as the Provincial Superior (1789). Since the city of Freiburg considered the monasteries of the mendicant orders as their own, because the members of the monastic orders originated from Freiburg, the monasteries were dependent on the city as well. As specified in

2436-513: The plague had not yet broken out in the city, Jews were accused of having spread it and taken into custody. All Jews except pregnant women were burned alive on 31 January 1349. The remaining children were forced to be baptised. This pogrom left Jews very hesitant to resettle in the city. In 1401, the city council decreed a regulation banning all Jews from Freiburg (orig. Middle High German dialect: “daz dekein Jude ze Friburg niemmerme sin sol” [27]. This

2520-507: The 17th and 18th century in the Baroque style, as well as more modifications in the 20th century, changed the original plan of the grounds. For example, in 1706 the ceiling of the nave was raised and 10 new oval windows were added. As a further part of the modification two new chapels were installed and the original monastery along with the vestry were renovated. In 1784, Herman von Greiffenegg ordered eight Augustinian padres to move to

2604-468: The 19. century, the casing was modeled back to its original state as well as possible. After a Europe-wide, open competitive bidding, the company Waldkircher Orgelbau Jäger & Brommer was chosen to remove later additions to the organ and restore its original tonal condition from 1944. The organ is open for visitors in the scope of groups up to 18 people. The library of the Augustinermuseum is

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2688-424: The Augustinian monks were already resident in Freiburg. In 1299, the bishop of Strassburg , Conrad de Lichtenberg , consecrated the Augustinian church. The construction of the monastery was started later at the beginning of the 14th century. Because of a delivery note from 1332 it is known that sandstone from the nearby Lorettoberg was used for the construction. Renovations and newly constructed buildings from

2772-507: The Bishop of Strasbourg to death on 29 July 1299. It was a Pyrrhic victory , since henceforth the citizens of Freiburg had to pay an annual expiation of 300 marks in silver to the count of Freiburg until 1368. In 1366 the counts of Freiburg made another failed attempt to occupy the city during a night raid. Eventually the citizens were fed up with their lords, and in 1368 Freiburg purchased its independence from them. The city turned itself over to

2856-604: The City Mayors Foundation. Politically, it is a longtime stronghold of the Alliance 90/The Greens , who have seen consistent success since the 1990s and have been the largest party on the city council since 2004. For many years, they performed more strongly in Freiburg than any other major city: former mayor Dieter Salomon , who served from 2002 to 2018, was the first member of the Greens to hold such an office in

2940-660: The Freiburg Minster is located in the church building reconstructed by Christoph Mäckler. Panel paintings and wood sculptures surround the hall in cabinets on the ground floor as well as the gallery upstairs. Here, works by Matthias Grünewald, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Martin Schaffner and Hans Baldung can be found, along with "Christ on a Donkey" (1350/60), and a number of paintings from the Speyer Altarpiece by

3024-582: The Habsburg territories in the southwest of Germany. In 1805, the city, together with the Breisgau and Ortenau areas, became part of Baden . In 1827, when the Archdiocese of Freiburg was founded, Freiburg became the seat of a Catholic archbishop. Freiburg was heavily bombed during World War II . In May 1940 , aircraft of the Luftwaffe mistakenly dropped approximately 60 bombs on Freiburg near

3108-558: The Master of the Housebook (circa 1480). Medieval stained glass from the Freiburg Minster is presented on two levels. The Kaiser windows can also be seen in the dark from the porch entrance outside. Sculptures, altars, paintings, and statuettes of the Baroque era can be found in the chancel of the former abbey. Large figures overlook the room from within niches of eight-metre high typecases. A narrow, fourteen-metre long display case runs like

3192-476: The Middle Ages such use could lead to harsh penalties. During the summer, the running water provides natural cooling of the air, and offers a pleasant gurgling sound. It is said that if one accidentally falls or steps into a Bächle , they will marry a Freiburger, or 'Bobbele'. The Augustinerplatz is one of the central squares in the old city. Formerly the location of an Augustinian monastery that became

3276-739: The Younger and Gregorius Sickinger . In 1805, with the attack of Breisgau on the Grand Duchy of Baden by a Catholic ruler, many Protestants moved into the city. Since 2007, any Protestants who are not part of a 'free church' belong to the newly founded deanery of Freiburg as part of the parish of Südbaden which in itself is a part of the Landeskirche Baden. The seat of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden ,

3360-489: The area. On the original site seven buildings were destroyed to build the monastery at the beginning of the 14th century and only one building was retained, it is likely that there was a monastery there before today´s was built. In 1278, Count Egino II authorized the construction of the monastery along with a church in the area between the Salzstraße and the city walls. The deed of foundation, dated December 6, shows that

3444-504: The attic there is now room for a painting gallery. A café was opened in the former treasury as well as the cloister, which both are on the main floor. In June 2010, the exhibition hall was opened. In cooperation with the Museum of Modern Arts in Freiburg, the opening was celebrated with a double exhibition of the works by Katharina Grosse and her mother Barbara. Many of the exhibits can't be shown for spatial and preserving reasons even after

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3528-532: The beginning of the Thirty Years' War in 1618, its population numbered between 10,000 to 14,000; when it ended in 1648, only 2,000 remained. In August 1644, it was the site of the Battle of Freiburg , said to be the bloodiest battle of the war in terms of percentage of casualties. Between 1648 and 1805, when the city was not under French occupation it was the administrative headquarters of Further Austria ,

3612-412: The borders of the former province of Baden and the former Margraviate of Hohenzollern. The cathedral, in which the bishop resides, is Freiburg Minster . Also, part of the ecclesiastical province of Freiburg are the suffragan dioceses of Mainz and Rottenburg-Stuttgart . Until 1929, the dioceses of Limburg and Fulda also belonged to this ecclesiastical province. The Archbishop of Freiburg holds

3696-590: The citizens' freedom, after which the Freiburgers used catapults to destroy the count's castle atop the Schloßberg , a hill that overlooks the city center. The furious count called on his brother-in-law the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg , Conrad of Lichtenberg , for help. The bishop responded by marching with his army to Freiburg. According to an old Freiburg legend, a butcher named Hauri stabbed

3780-566: The city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: Freiburg is a center of academia and research, in which numerous intellectual figures and Nobel Laureates have lived, worked, and taught. The city houses one of the oldest and most renowned of German universities, the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , as well as its medical center . Home to some of

3864-584: The city before 1230, but it was only after 1230 that they supposedly founded an official community in the Webergasse (a small street within the town center). The counts of Freiburg bought the lucrative Schutzjude , which means that all personal information on Jews living in Freiburg was directly sent to Konrad II and his co-reigning son Friedrich. The two issued a comprising letter promising safety and liberty to all local Jews on 12 October 1338. It lost all value shortly after, however, on 1 January 1349. Although

3948-476: The city's first witch-hunt . The need to find a scapegoat for calamities such as the Black Plague , which claimed 2,000 area residents (25% of the city population) in 1564, led to an escalation in witch-hunting that reached its peak in 1599. A plaque on the old city wall marks the spot where burnings were carried out. The seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries were turbulent times for Freiburg. At

4032-540: The city´s art collection, it became known as the Augustiner Museum . This way, one of the oldest and finest buildings of the city was preserved. Since the building complex is one of the last from the Middle Ages there is still a large amount of historical structure and every now and then pieces dating from the Gothic era are found. Discoveries in the basement of the museum suggest that there were earlier settlements in

4116-488: The cloister building is currently (2019) being renovated as well as 3 old cellars. The Augustiner Museum displays a municipal collection of art which was founded in the 1880s by Lord Mayor Otto Winterer. In 1909, the architect Rudolf Schmidt drafted a conversion of this former cloister into a museum. Until then, the cloister had been used by the Theater Freiburg Theater Freiburg . In 1915,

4200-440: The collection of graphic arts which consists of more than 70.000 prints and drawings and an appropriate space for deliveries are now located. The gatehouse, which was constructed incorporating historical elements in 1920, was replaced by a new building. According to the Freiburg city council this phase of construction was initially supposed to cost 8.5 million Euros. However this project, which was supposed to be planned in early 2011,

4284-542: The conversion had to be ceased due to the First World War First World War . Work on the building resumed in 1919 under the direction of architectural historian Karl Gruber. The museum opened its doors in November 1923. Originally, the conversion should have resulted in a central museum site in Freiburg, but due to restricted municipal funds after the war, the conversion had to be carried out in

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4368-443: The countryside, portraits, genre scenes, allegorical and religious themes. The space which is used to show those pieces of art is around 1.400 square kilometres big, air-conditioned and barrier-free. The basement of the former Augustinian's church?( Augustinerkirche) contains a modern exhibition hall which is almost 450 square kilometres in area. This hall makes it possible for the city of Freiburg to host special exhibitions according to

4452-464: The dawn of the Renaissance was a time of both advances and tragedy for Freiburg. In 1457, Albrecht VI , Regent of Further Austria , established Albert-Ludwigs-Universität , one of Germany's oldest universities. In 1498, Emperor Maximilian I held a Reichstag in Freiburg. In 1520, the city ratified a set of legal reforms, widely considered the most progressive of the time. The aim was to find

4536-506: The end of the first stage of redevelopment in March 2010. This is why e.g. the section of everyday culture and folklore can't be exhibited yet and the craftwork section is still very fragmentary. This state of repair will remain until the third stage of redevelopment is completed. The second stage of construction was due to begin in 2010 with the redevelopment and construction of the functional sectors at Salzstraße , where among other sections

4620-399: The following extreme values: Freiburg is known as an "eco-city". In June 1995, the Freiburg city council adopted a resolution that it would permit construction only of " low-energy buildings " on municipal land, and all new buildings must comply with certain low energy specifications. The neighbourhoods of Vauban and Rieselfeld were developed and built in the late 1990s in accordance with

4704-429: The greatest minds of the West , including such eminent figures as Johann Eck , Max Weber , Edmund Husserl , Martin Heidegger , and Friedrich Hayek , it is one of Europe's top research and teaching institutions. Freiburg also plays host to various other educational and research institutes, such as the Freiburg University of Education, the Protestant University for Applied Sciences Freiburg , Freiburg Music Academy ,

4788-402: The historical casing (built 1732/33) from the former church of Gengenbach Abbey and a church organ from M. Welte & Sons (built in 1935) is listed under monumental protection as a total work of art and had to be dismantled in the course of the static reconstruction. In the course of 2009, the casing as well as the organ were completely refurbished. After the removal of the brown paintwork from

4872-423: The households in this small community. Because of its scenic beauty, relatively warm and sunny climate, and easy access to the Black Forest , Freiburg is a hub for regional tourism . In 2010, Freiburg was voted as the Academy of Urbanism's European City of the Year in recognition of the exemplary sustainable urbanism it has implemented over the past several decades. The longest cable car run in Germany, which

4956-444: The international conservational standards. The exhibits of the treasure chamber are again available to the public since the 22 January 2011. The chamber contains gold- and silversmithery manufactured from the 9th to 18th century. The items are part of the treasure of the Freiburger Münster. Additionally, there are works from the collections of the archiepiscopal diocesan museum and the Adelhausen foundation. The pipe organ, consisting of

5040-410: The intervention of police or fire department. Male, wealthy, Jewish citizens were kidnapped and taken to concentration camps (in Buchenwald and Dachau ) where they were subjected to forced labor or executed and their money and property stolen. Augustinian monastery Freiburg From 1278 to 1783, Augustinian monks lived in the buildings. It has a preserved Gothic cloister , and has housed

5124-423: The late 13th to the 15th century. The finds are important examples of the handcraft of earlier times. The leather discoveries give a good impression of the monastery shoemaking , the glass and pottery show what kind of tableware the monastery owned, and the tools made of wood were still in good condition. Furthermore, the discoveries give an impression of the waste disposal of the time. The insights were documented in

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5208-445: The lately refurbished Augustiner Museum as one of the best new tourist attractions worldwide. In their category "best foreign project", the Augustiner Museum was presented as one of only six attractions and was allowed for reviewing. The western facade of the church building got a new entrance and opens out to the Augustinerplatz with a foyer. A sculpture hall whose central space remains reserved for original figures and sculptures from

5292-560: The local art museum " Augustinermuseum " since 1923. When first built, the Augustinian monastery belonged to the German Ecclesiastical province . After the division of the province in 1299 it became part of a new province, The Rhenic Swabian Province, which included part of Switzerland , Swabia , Alsace , and the Rhineland up to the city of Mainz . In 1781 it changed hands again, when the Austrian government ordered four monasteries in Further Austria to form their own province (Further Austrian Province). The government forbade contact with

5376-401: The modern English word " borough ", was used in those days for an incorporated city or town, usually one with some degree of autonomy. The German word Burg also means "a fortified town", as in Hamburg . Thus, it is likely that the name of this place means a "fortified town of free citizens". This town was strategically located at a junction of trade routes between the Mediterranean Sea and

5460-405: The monastery, but most of the other buildings on the grounds were either neglected or were used as a school building or as an ammunition dump for the troops of Baden. When Max Wingenroth was designated the new director of the museum, it was decided to house the museum in the former monastery. In the beginning it was only called the municipal museum of Freiburg, but later on, with the addition of

5544-412: The oldest hotel in Germany, is located along Oberlinden near the Swabian Gate. The Siegesdenkmal , or victory monument, is a monument to the German victory in the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. It is situated at the northern edge of the historic city center of Freiburg and was built by Karl Friedrich Moest . In everyday language of people living in Freiburg, it serves as an orientation marker or as

5628-437: The original building and the Jewish community which perished. The pavements of Freiburg carry memorials to individual victims, in the form of brass plates outside their former residences. There was a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see Romani Holocaust ) in the city. It was occupied by the French Army on 21 April 1945, and Freiburg was soon allotted to the French Zone of Occupation . In December 1945 Freiburg became

5712-443: The original plans, due to lack of funds. The current total renovation, which is planned to include the addition of new exhibitions rooms, began in 2004. The museum's collection, which was begun by the city of Freiburg in the 1880s, can be only partially exhibited due to the building work. The visual art and sculpture collection includes works by Lucas Cranach the Elder , Anselm Feuerbach , Hans Baldung Grien , Matthias Grünewald ,

5796-421: The principles of sustainability . The city is also home to a branch of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection , as well as solar industry and research. The citizens of Freiburg are known in Germany for their love of cycling and recycling . Freiburg is host to a number of international organisations , in particular, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, International Solar Energy Society , and

5880-441: The protection of the Habsburgs , who allowed the city to retain a large measure of freedom. Most of the nobles of the city died in the battle of Sempach (1386). The patrician family Schnewlin took control of the city until the guildsmen revolted. The guilds became more powerful than the patricians by 1389. The silver mines in Mount Schauinsland provided an important source of capital for Freiburg. This silver made Freiburg one of

5964-482: The railway station, killing 57 people, most of them civilians and including 22 children. This was reported by the official German news agency as an attack by the Western Allies, and retaliation against them was threatened. The Freiburg police commander subsequently established that the bombs were German, but the full story was not published until many years later. On 27 November 1944, a raid by more than 300 bombers of RAF Bomber Command ( Operation Tigerfish ) destroyed

6048-489: The remaining Baden and Freiburg Jews were transferred to Auschwitz in German-occupied Poland , where almost all were murdered. A living memorial has been created in the form of the 'footprint' in marble on the site of the city's original synagogue , which was burned down on 9 November 1938, during the pogrom known as Kristallnacht . The memorial is a fountain and contains a bronze plaque commemorating

6132-606: The richest cities in Europe, and in 1327 Freiburg minted its own coin, the Rappenpfennig . In 1377 the cities of Freiburg, Basel , Colmar , and Breisach entered into a monetary alliance known as the Genossenschaft des Rappenpfennigs (Rappenpfennig Collective). This alliance facilitated commerce among the cities and lasted until the end of the sixteenth century. There were 8,000–9,000 people living in Freiburg between

6216-435: The seat of government for the German state of Baden , which was merged into Baden-Württemberg in 1952. The French Army maintained a presence in Freiburg until 1991, when the last French Army division left the city, and left Germany. On the site of the former French Army base, a new neighborhood for 5,000 people, Vauban , began in the late 1990s as a "sustainable model district". Solar power provides electricity to many of

6300-441: The summer of 2009 the roof truss was straightened up again and put onto the rest of the building. During this time, the church building was a large construction site. By installing an elevator, the building is now barrier free. This also facilitates the transport of the exhibits. Circular galleries were installed. Additional exhibition space was created in the basement floor to provide for special shows for all of Freiburg's museums. In

6384-672: The surrounding land ruled by the Margrave of Baden became Protestant as a result of the Reformation. The city was part of the Diocese of Konstanz until 1821. That same year, Freiburg became an episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg . Due to a dispute between the government of Baden and the Holy See , the archbishop officially took office in 1827. The borders of the archdiocese correspond with

6468-418: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and 30 churches and monasteries. At the end of the fourteenth century the veins of silver were dwindling, and by 1460 only approximately 6,000 people still lived within Freiburg's city walls . A university city, Freiburg evolved from its focus on mining to become a cultural centre for the arts and sciences. It was also a commercial center. The end of the Middle Ages and

6552-514: The title of metropolitan and the German headquarters of the link to Caritas Germany is in Freiburg. Saint George (the flag of Freiburg has the cross of George), Lambert of Maastricht and the catacomb saint, Alexander , are the patron saints of Freiburg. Many works of art depicting these saints are in the Freiburg Minster, on the Minster square, just as in the museums and archives of the city, including some by Hans Baldung Grien , Hans Holbein

6636-512: The warmest within Germany. Winters are moderate but usually with some frosts at night. More year-round rain occurs here than in the Rhine plateau. The city is close to the Kaiserstuhl , a range of hills of volcanic origin located a few kilometers away, which is one of the warmest places in Germany and therefore considered as a viticultural area. The Freiburg im Breisgau weather station has recorded

6720-547: Was added to the west front towards the Augustinerplatz and columns were added to the former nave. Also a gallery was added that goes all around. The basement and attic were reconstructed and used as exhibition rooms. This renovation was finished in 2010. Some well known members of the monastic order in Freiburg were: When in 1982 an archaeological examination of the latrine was performed, glass, pottery, wood, leather and textiles were found. Researchers dated them back to

6804-586: Was incorporated in the early 12th century and soon became a commercial, intellectual and ecclesiastical center for the Upper Rhine region. The University of Freiburg ( Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg ), founded in 1457, is one of Germany's oldest universities. Freiburg's main landmark is the Freiburg Minster ( Freiburger Münster ), which was built between c. 1200 and 1513 and has been described as "Gothic architectural masterpiece". The old town

6888-475: Was instructed with the planning. The duration of the reconstruction was originally planned to be 5 to 8 years. Until 2010, during first construction phase, the church building was reconstructed. First, archeological excavations as well as measures to stabilize the church building took place. The roof truss, which was heavily infested with wood preservatives, fungi and other pests, was disinfested, decontaminated and taken off in 2007. The damaged parts were restored. In

6972-501: Was officially reaffirmed by King Sigismund with a ban for life (orig. German: “Ewige Vertreibung”) in 1424. Not until 1809 were Jews again allowed permanent residence within the city. They subsequently founded a Jewish community in 1836. At the Kristallnacht in 1938, the synagogue, built in 1870, was set afire. Numerous shops and apartments of Jewish citizens of Freiburg were devastated and plundered by National Socialists without

7056-418: Was put under scrutiny, since there were cuts in the culture budget of the city. After the second phase of construction had been approved in mid February the gatehouse was taken down in 2012 and archaeological examinations of the site began. Construction started in the summer of 2013. The new building in Salzstraße was finished by the end of 2015 and cost 15,3 million euros. During the third phase of construction

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