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62-446: Auro may refer to: People [ edit ] Auro de Moura Andrade (1915–1982), Brazilian politician Auro Roselli (1921–2013), Italian journalist Auro Jr. (born 1996), Brazilian footballer Other uses [ edit ] Auro-3D , 3D audio format Auro 11.1 , cinematic speaker layout AURO University , Indian private university [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

124-420: A housewife , and Vicente Rodrigues Goulart, an estancieiro (a rancher who owned large rural properties) who had been a National Guard colonel fighting on the side of Governor Borges de Medeiros during the 1923 Revolution . Most sources indicate that João was born in 1918, but his birth year is actually 1919; his father ordered a second birth certificate adding a year to his son's age so that he could attend

186-423: A military coup d'état deposed him on 1 April 1964. He was considered the last left-wing president of Brazil until Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva took office in 2003. João Goulart was nicknamed Jango ( [ˈʒɐ̃ɡu] ), a common nickname for João in the south of Brazil. The Jânio Quadros –João Goulart presidential bid was thus called Jan–Jan (an amalgamation of Jânio and Jango ). His childhood nickname

248-420: A 42% raise in the minimum wage to match the cost of living in 1951. On May Day, Vargas signed the new minimum wage into law, which was a 100% increase as demanded by the working class. On 22 February 1954, Goulart handed his resignation letter to President Vargas, and Vargas named Hugo de Faria to succeed him in an interim manner, and resumed his term as a federal deputy, as a result of the strong reaction of

310-526: A degree. While there, Goulart restored contact with his youth friends Abadé Ayub and Salvador Arísio, and made new friends and explored the state capital's nightlife. It was during that time of a bohemian lifestyle that Goulart acquired a venereal disease , syphilis , which paralyzed his left knee almost entirely. He paid for expensive medical treatment, including a surgery in São Paulo , but he expected that he would never walk normally again. Because of

372-472: A devout Catholic. While trying to revive her grandson, warming him, she prayed to John the Baptist , promising that if the newborn survived, he would be his namesake and would not cut his hair until the age of three, when he would march in the procession of 24 June dressed as the saint. Following the beliefs of the region, his mother dressed him in women's clothes in his first year of life. João grew up as

434-621: A direction that came to radicalize until 1964. In order to gain power as President of the PTB, Goulart began to concentrate in the National Directory people loyal to him, thus transforming the PTB into one of the parties "most undemocratic and centralized in the Brazilian political framework," in the words of historian Jorge Ferreira. However, Goulart helped the party have a more consistent political and ideological profile. Goulart and

496-753: A document to be read only after he arrived back in Rio Grande do Sul. It was his suicide letter Carta Testamento . After the suicide of Vargas, from whom he received a copy of the Carta Testamento , Goulart became very depressed, thought about moving away from politics and, according to Maria Thereza, it took him two months to recover from the shock, after retreating to his resort in São Borja and taking care of business. At Vargas' funeral, Goulart declared that "We, within order and law, will know how to fight with patriotism and dignity, inspired by

558-537: A heart crisis, was replaced by Carlos Luz , who was close to conservative groups interested in the coup. Officials in favor of the coup took over the Armed Forces, and Lott joined with legalist troops in a countercoup against Carlos Luz, where they expected no bloodshed. Luz was impeached by the Deputy Chamber, thus allowing Nereu Ramos to assume power. Luz and 11 other people then went to Santos on

620-421: A juvenile state champion. That same year, he finished the third grade of the ginásio (high school) at Colégio Anchieta, with an irregular academic record that would be repeated when he attended the law school at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University. João graduated from high school at Ginásio Santana after being sent back to Uruguaiana. As a businessman, he built his fortune between 1941 and 1945, making loans at

682-507: A minister, he also opted for negotiations between strikers and bosses, rather than repressive methods. In response to the accusation that he would oppose the capitalist regime, he said that he was always willing to applaud the capitalists who invested in the means of production and who legally "created wealth in a social, human and patriotic sense," but that he was against "parasitic, speculative, exorbitant and short-sighted capitalism in profit". In late 1953, Goulart began studies for review of

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744-641: A resign-letter in the hands of the President. Refused to accept the imposition, saying to Goulart that such suggestion would make him - Moura Andrade - "not Prime Minister, but Last". In March 1964, Moura Andrade participated, in São Paulo, in the March of the Family with God for Liberty , public act against the government. In the 30th of the same month, launched a manifest to the nation declaring disruption between

806-508: A skinny boy in Yguariaçá along with his six sisters, Eufrides, Maria, Nair, Yolanda, Cila, and Neuza. Both of his younger brothers died prematurely. Rivadávia (born 1920) died of Meningitis in childhood, and Ivan (born 1925), to whom he was deeply attached, died of leukemia at 33. João left for the nearby town of Itaqui , because his father Vicente wished to form a partnership with Protásio Vargas, Getúlio 's brother, after both leased

868-590: A small refrigerator house in Itaqui from an English businessman. While Vicente ran the business for the following years, João attended the School of the Teresian Sisters of Mary , along with his sisters. Although it was a mixed-sex school during the day, he could not stay overnight at the boarding school with his sisters; he had to sleep at the house of an English couple, who were friends of his family. It

930-627: A year and a half between 1968 and 1969 when returned to Brazil, leaving the politics. Was president of the Development Bank of São Paulo State, in 1982, when passed away. In retrospective (notably with the end of the Military Regime), the role of Moura Andrade in 1964 started to be severely questioned. Many criticize him for, in his attributions as president of the National Congress , for giving institutional support for

992-529: The Brazilian Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro – PTB). He was the first president of the local PTB, and would later become the statewide, then national, president of the party. In 1947, Getúlio Vargas convinced Goulart to run for a seat in the state assembly . He was elected with 4,150 votes, becoming the fifth-most of 23 deputies. He received more votes than had his future brother-in-law Leonel Brizola , another rising star of

1054-517: The Carnival , participating in the parade of the block Comigo Ninguém Pode. Goulart's father died in 1943, and he inherited rural properties that made him one of the most influential estancieiros of the region. Upon the resignation of President Getúlio Vargas and his return to São Borja in October 1945, Goulart was already a wealthy man. He did not need to enter politics to rise socially, but

1116-642: The Planalto Palace , to inaugurate the deputy Ranieri Mazzilli as President of the Republic. Stated in this day, before ending the session: There is under our responsibility the population of Brazil, the people, the order. Therefore, I declare vacant the Presidency of the Republic (extended applause, protests) and, according to the terms of article 79 of the Constitution, I declare President of

1178-546: The Tamandaré cruiser in order to establish the government there. When Nereu assumed power, Luz did not get support from the Governor of São Paulo Jânio Quadros , and when he realized that the leaders of Army groups were legalists, he ended the coup attempt. There were no punishments and Luz was impeached . With the successful counter-coup, Lott gained prestige. After leaving the hospital, Café Filho tried to return to

1240-502: The Tribuna da Imprensa , while Aeronautics began helping Kubitschek and Goulart with the campaign. Due to the impossibility of assuming the position as a bachelor, Goulart had to get married. However, Maria Thereza , then 17, felt insecure and took a while to accept the idea, which was already arranged. The civil ceremony took place on 14 May 1955, but it was by proxy, as a storm prevented Goulart's plane from arriving. Four days later

1302-504: The minimum wage , facing two types of pressure: the mobilization of workers in larger cities to claim a readjustment of 100% that would increase the minimum wage from ₢$ 1,200 to ₢$ 2,400, and entrepreneurs' refusal to review the policy since the Eurico Gaspar Dutra administration, which allegedly contributed to the impoverishment of several segments of the Brazilian society. The business community said that it would agree to

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1364-406: The prison system to improve the living conditions of prisoners. He later resigned his job as secretary, at the request of Vargas, to help the president with a political deadlock at the ministry of labor, using his influence on the labor-union movement. In 1953, after becoming aggravated with the deadlock, Vargas appointed Goulart minister of labor. The Vargas administration was in a deep crisis;

1426-405: The "most patient men in the world" in his dealings with the general public and according to historian Jorge Ferreira: "The minister soon became known for his sincere way of not discriminating against people." The way he received "workers, unionists and ordinary people" in his office shocked the conservative civil and military sectors, in something that mixed so much class and ethnic prejudice. As

1488-424: The Armed Forces began to approach the trade unions. Despite the conservative officiality, there were nationalist officers and in 1956, the sergeants achieved their stability. Despite being in power, the PTB acted as the opposition, voicing open criticism of the government. During this time João Vicente and Denise were born. Despite his position, Goulart had no bodyguard. In contrast to his progressive views in

1550-599: The Armed Forces, a feeling that increased after the General Secretary of the Brazilian Communist Party Luís Carlos Prestes voiced his support. In April 1955 the party agreement was approved. Within the PTB there was disapproval of Goulart's control and fear that the coalition would provoke a military coup, but Goulart succeeded in dialogue among parties, doing things like demanding federal positions for sectors of

1612-547: The Colégio Anchieta in Porto Alegre . In the state capital, João lived at a pension with friends Almir Palmeiro and Abadé dos Santos Ayub, the latter of whom was very attached to him. Aware of João's football skills at school, where he played the right-back position , Almir and Abadé convinced him to try out for Sport Club Internacional . João was selected for the club's juvenile team. In 1932, he became

1674-540: The Congress. In 4 minutes and a half read the letter, and stated that Jânio was not in Brasília anymore and invited all the parliamentarians for the sworn of his constitutional successor, which would occur in 10 minutes. 20 minutes after the summoning, declared vacancy of the presidential position, as Vice President João Goulart was in an official trip to China . A deputy threw him a microphone and another tried to take

1736-518: The Legislative and the Executive powers, called in the militaries to position themselves in the defense of the institutions. On the next day, the coup happened and, even with President Goulart in the office and in Brazilian soil, Moura Andrade, in a tumultuous session of the Congress, presided by him, declared the Presidency vacant, going personally, by foot, ahead of a legion of congressmen, to

1798-552: The National Bank of Commerce, Bank of Rio Grande do Sul, and Bank of Brazil, using as collateral all the cattle he had. With this he generated a fortune in cattle, of US$ 506,630.001 in 1946. Despite ascending to this position, he was a kind man with his employees and humble with those in need, and he did not accept any kind of discrimination. Sent back to Porto Alegre after graduating from high school, Goulart attended law school to satisfy his father, who desired that he earn

1860-513: The PTB also reinvented the trabalhismo for the context of their generation, more concerned with social causes. Willing to hold elections in October 1955, President Café Filho tried to present, after a military suggestion, a "national union" candidate. In response to conservative groups, the PSD put forward Juscelino Kubitschek as a presidential candidate. Goulart's candidacy for the vice presidency caused controversy in conservative groups such as

1922-483: The PTB, who was married to Goulart's sister Neusa until her death in 1993. Goulart was not an active member of the assembly, only discoursing once on the defensive interests of small cattle farmers in São Borja. He soon became a confidant and political protégé of Vargas, becoming one of the party members who most insistently urged him to launch a presidential candidacy for the 1950 elections . On 18 April 1950, Goulart launched Vargas's candidacy for president and, in

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1984-544: The PTB. In an attempt to remove Kubitschek, President Café Filho told him to withdraw his candidacy or there would be a military coup, which Kubitschek refused. Civil and military groups preached the coup. A large part of the media in Rio de Janeiro positioned itself on legality and the Minister of War, General Henrique Teixeira Lott , sought to keep the Armed Forces out of the crisis. Army officials spoke openly about coups in

2046-523: The Republic the President of the Chamber of Deputies, Ranieri Mazzilli. Was appointed by many parliamentarians to compose, as Vice President, the ticket that would elect marshal Castelo Branco for President, but however, resigned the candidacy in the Second Round of the indirect election , on 11 April 1964, and José Maria Alkmin replaced him, who practically had no opposition. Disenchanted with

2108-636: The Senate , which position he would hold for 7 years, always being re-elected. In 1958, was defeated after running for governor of São Paulo , occasion which Carvalho Pinto was elected with the support of Jânio Quadros . In 1962, was re-elected senator for São Paulo with more than 1 million votes. Auro was president of the National Congress when president Jânio Quadros resigned in August 1961. Received his resign-letter and immediately called in

2170-462: The U.S., in return for Richard Nixon's visit, where he also discussed the issue of communism, which in his view was a matter of internal concern for Brazil, while for the United States this was a problem that concerned them both in the diplomatic and military spheres. After his visit to the United States, he went, with his wife, to Canada and unofficially to Europe, Mexico, and Uruguay. There

2232-724: The age of 17, was part of the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932 , graduating later in law in the Law School of the Largo São Francisco ( USP ), where he developed intense political activity, signaling his future in the Brazilian public life. As the head of the periodicals " A Urna " (The Ballot Box) and " O Democrata " ("The Democrat"), fought against the government of Getúlio Vargas , which ended closing them. Great speaker, characteristic that would follow him in his parliamentary life, Andrade

2294-553: The coup that he supported, Moura Andrade, with the boldness that characterized him, publicly stated that "Japona wasn't gown", after being falsely accused by a superior official in charge of an inquiry. Because of that, even having great prestige, was defeated in partisan convention that chose the ARENA party candidates for the Senate to represent São Paulo in 1970, what made his re-election impossible. Was ambassador of Brazil in Spain for

2356-422: The example you bequeathed to us". Goulart decided to continue in politics after receiving a letter from Oswaldo Aranha , delivered by Leonel Brizola and José Gomes Talarico . In October, Goulart participated in the legislative elections, but was defeated. After Vargas's suicide, a new generation started to make PTB grow. This generation led by Goulart turned the PTB into a party of "reformist features," in

2418-613: The first Brazilian Congress of Social Security. He signed a series of decrees favoring social security , such as housing financing, regulation of loans by the Institute of Retirement and Pensions of Bank Employees (Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensões dos Bancários – IAPB), and recognizing the employees of the Audit Committee of the Institute of Retirement and Pensions of Industry Employees (Conselho Fiscal do Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensões dos Industriários). In his time in

2480-547: The frequent meetings with Vargas, a close friend of his father, were decisive in Goulart's pursuit of a public life. The first invitation Goulart received to enter a political party was made by Protásio Vargas, Getúlio's brother, who was in charge of organizing the Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrático – PSD) in São Borja. Goulart declined but later accepted Getúlio Vargas's invitation to join

2542-468: The illegitimate power takeover by the Armed Forces (contradicting the Constitution of 1946), instead of maintaining the republican order and assure the continuity of a government elected democratically. Jo%C3%A3o Goulart João Belchior Marques Goulart (1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango , was a Brazilian politician who served as the 24th president of Brazil until

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2604-472: The law school at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul . Yguariaçá Farm was isolated and his mother had no medical care at his birth, only the assistance of her mother, Maria Thomaz Vasquez Marques. According to João's sister Yolanda, "my grandmother was the one able to revive little João who, at birth, already looked like he was dying." Like most Azorean descendants, Maria Thomaz was

2666-425: The letter from him, but in less than half an hour sworn Ranieri Mazzilli , president of the Chamber of Deputies. Had an important acting in the changing to the parliamentary system , which made possible the inauguration of Vice President João Goulart as President of the Republic . Along with Mazzilli and Ernesto Geisel , received Jango in the airport when he returned to Brasília on 5 September. Never were clear

2728-464: The media and military against the new minimum wage. The political crisis of the Vargas administration deepened after one of his bodyguards was involved in an assassination attempt against UDN leader Carlos Lacerda on 5 August 1954. Vargas was put under pressure by the media, which demanded his resignation. On the early morning of 24 August 1954, Vargas called Goulart to Catete Palace and handed him

2790-455: The ministry, as witnessed by Hugo de Faria , João Goulart was willing to wear out his prestige with the Minister of Finance in defense of the working class. Goulart was willing to take money out of his own pocket to help anyone who asked for help, but he was " half greedy" with the public money, as his minister-administrative, Hugo de Faria, said. and elected Hugo de Faria to participate in the formalities in his place - Hugo considered him one of

2852-599: The next day, a birthday party was held for the former president at Granja São Vicente, which was owned by Goulart. In 1950, Goulart was elected to the Chamber of Deputies . He received 39,832 votes, second-most in the PTB in Rio Grande do Sul, and took office as a deputy in February 1951. He soon became secretary of the interior and a justice in the administration of Governor Ernesto Dornelles. During his time as secretary, which lasted until 7 March 1952, Goulart restructured

2914-449: The paralysis of his knee, Goulart graduated separately from the rest of his class in 1939. He would never fully practice law. After graduating, Goulart returned to São Borja. According to Yolanda Goulart, his depression because of the leg problem was visible. He isolated himself at Yguariaçá Farm. According to his sister Yolanda, his depression did not last long. In the early 1940s, he decided to make fun of his own walking disability in

2976-443: The political field, in private life he was a traditional man, especially in the dynamics between husband and wife , making Maria Thereza have to stand out for herself. However, with the birth of his children, he became an active and loving father, and improved his relationship with Maria Thereza, which according to her, was when he assumed an active role as a husband. However, Goulart had several extramarital affairs. One year after

3038-656: The presidency, but was impeached by Congress, which also voted for a one-month state of emergency, until Kubitschek and Goulart took office on 31 January 1956. At the inauguration , Kubitschek, after receiving the banner and greeting the people, ordered the gates to be opened. Goulart and Kubitschek had a similar tact in contact with the humble people, but at first Kubitschek, jealous of Goulart's election result, tried to isolate him politically. but he went back, and as Hugo de Faria said, Goulart didn't want to run for president. Goulart did not allow anyone to disrespectfully speak of Kubitschek. For his ability to negotiate with

3100-557: The preventive coup, Goulart participated in the tributes to General Lott, who received a golden sword. By not allowing other officers to make political statements, Lott caused a crisis that ended with Kubitschek putting both the Frente de Novembro and the Clube da Lanterna into illegality. In 1959, commercial relations with the USSR were resumed due to the expansion of African coffee. At

3162-440: The reasons that made Auro declare vacancy of the Presidency in 1 April 1964 . In the occasion, João Goulart was in Rio Grande do Sul, as the press reported in those days and, besides that, there was the reading of a letter forwarded to the National Congress by then Chief of Staff of the Presidency of Republic Darcy Ribeiro , communicating that Goulart trip was official. Was invited to be Prime Minister, as long as he left written

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3224-402: The religious wedding took place, followed by a short honeymoon due to the campaign. In the same year, Carlos Lacerda, in Congress, denounced Goulart, saying that Goulart was stockpiling weapons. However, an investigation showed that the weapons were stolen by an army officer and passed on to Lacerda. Despite the demonstrations against him, Kubitschek was elected president of Brazil with 37% of

3286-533: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auro&oldid=970479550 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Auro de Moura Andrade At

3348-626: The second half of the 18th century. There were at least three immigrants with the surname Govaert (latter adapted to Goulart or Gularte in Portuguese ) of Flemish - Azorean origins in the group of first Azoreans established in the state. It is believed that Goulart’s family have Azorean ascendency, while it is possible that his family came from France. Goulart was born at Yguariaçá Farm, in Itacurubi , São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul , on 1 March 1919. His parents were Vicentina Marques Goulart,

3410-552: The trade union movement, Goulart was largely responsible for the political stability of the JK government. However, due to this contact, conservative groups accused him of being a strike promoter. Nevertheless, Goulart acted as a negotiator and supporter of the Kubitschek government in the union area. João Goulart used to receive union leaders in his home for meetings, which also represented a union between communists and trabalhists for

3472-529: The votes on 3 October, and Goulart was elected as vice president with more than 44% of the vote. Following this, the UDN began to fight against their inauguration. With Armed Forces officers in favor of an institutional breakdown, General Euclides Zenóbio da Costa issued a statement around the legality surrounding General Henrique Teixeira Lott. However, following the discipline, Lott punished Euclides for this act. In November 1955, President Café Filho, due to

3534-414: The workers, unsatisfied with their low wages, were promoting strikes, and the right-wing party National Democratic Union (União Democrática Nacional – UDN) was mobilizing a coup d'état among the mass media, the upper-middle class , and the military forces . As he took office, Goulart replied to accusations from several newspapers, including The New York Times . As minister of labor, Goulart held

3596-815: The workers. As vice-president, Goulart was also President of the Federal Senate of Brazil , in accordance with the 1946 Constitution. In the JK Government, the PTB occupied the ministries of Labor , Agriculture and Goulart nominated the first level of Social Security . As a result of the countercoup, in March 1956 the Frente de Novembro was founded by Colonel Canabarro Lucas, with legalist, nationalist, and left-wing military personnel, led by Lott (declared anti-communist) and with Vice-President João Goulart as "President of Honor". The group began to rival right-wing groups. In April 1956, Goulart went to

3658-511: Was Janguinho (little Jango). Years later, when he entered politics, he was supported and advised by Getúlio Vargas , and his friends and colleagues started to call him Jango. In his informality and affection, Getúlio Vargas also called him Janguinho . His grandfather, Belchior Rodrigues Goulart, descended from Portuguese immigrants from the Azores who arrived in Rio Grande do Sul in

3720-495: Was an attempted military coup two weeks after the inauguration. In July 1956, he assumed the interim presidency of the Republic due to a trip by Kubitschek to Panama and left that position with his return on the 27th. Lacerda exposed another complaint against Goulart, that ended nowhere. Economically Goulart was in favor of avoiding US dependence on foreign trade. Within the PTB, several members were expelled due to their criticism. Due to functional precariousness, subordinates in

3782-680: Was in Itaqui that João developed a taste for both football and swimming. Upon his return to São Borja, ending his experience as a partner in the refrigerator house, Vicente sent João to the Ginásio Santana, run by the Marist Brothers in Uruguaiana . João attended first to fourth grade at the Santana boarding school, but failed the fifth grade in 1931. Angry with his son's poor achievements at school, Vicente sent him to attend

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3844-700: Was lawyer and held many positions in the State, being also director of the Commercial Association. In 1947, Auro was elected state deputy by the National Democratic Union (UDN) and, in 1950, federal deputy . In 1954, was elected senator by the National Labor Party (PTN). Brilliant parliamentarian, joined the Social Democratic Party (PSD), which he would become highlighted. In 1961, was elected president of

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