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75-1021: (Redirected from Austrian International Championships ) For the golf tournament, see Austrian Open (golf) . For the former women's tennis tournament, see WTA Austrian Open . Tennis tournament Austrian Open Kitzbühel ATP Tour Founded 1894 ; 130 years ago  ( 1894 ) Location Kitzbühel Austria Venue Tennis stadium Kitzbühel Category ATP Tour 250 / ATP World Series (1990–1998, 2009, 2011–) ATP Challenger Tour (2010) ATP Championship Series / International Series Gold (1999–2008) Grand Prix Tour (1972–1989) Surface Clay / outdoors Draw 28S / 16D Prize money €562,815 Website generaliopen.com Current champions ( 2024 ) Singles [REDACTED] Matteo Berrettini Doubles [REDACTED] Alexander Erler [REDACTED] Andreas Mies The Austrian Open Kitzbühel (formally known as

150-828: A fair trial . The English monarchs, through inheritance of substantial territories in France and claims to the French crown, were also heavily involved in conflicts in France, most notably the Hundred Years' War , while the Kings of Scots were in an alliance with the French during this period. Early modern Britain saw religious conflict resulting from the Reformation and the introduction of Protestant state churches in each country. The English Reformation ushered in political, constitutional, social and cultural change in

225-521: A subpolar oceanic climate . Higher elevations in Scotland experience a continental subarctic climate and the mountains experience a tundra climate . The prevailing wind is from the southwest and bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean, although the eastern parts are mostly sheltered from this wind. Since the majority of the rain falls over the western regions,

300-604: A welfare state was established, and a comprehensive, publicly funded healthcare system, the National Health Service , was created. The rise of nationalism in the colonies coincided with Britain's much-diminished economic position, so that a policy of decolonisation was unavoidable. Independence was granted to India and Pakistan in 1947. Over the next three decades, most colonies of the British Empire gained their independence, and many became members of

375-816: A land border with the Republic of Ireland ; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , the North Sea , the English Channel , the Celtic Sea , and the Irish Sea . The United Kingdom had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom is London , whose wider metropolitan area is

450-399: A leading role in the movement to abolish slavery worldwide through the blockade of Africa and pressing other nations to end their trade with a series of treaties. In 1800 the parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland each passed an Act of Union, uniting the two kingdoms and creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801. After the defeat of France at the end of

525-916: A one-shot penalty, which was added to their score for that hole. Players had two “time-extensions” in each round, each giving them an extra 40 seconds. Since 2010 the tournament has been held at the Diamond Country Club in Atzenbrugg , Lower Austria , 35 km west of Vienna . In 2020 , the tournament was a dual-ranking event with the Challenge Tour , due to a revamp of the European Tour's schedule because of COVID-19 pandemic . 48°18′54″N 15°54′25″E  /  48.315°N 15.907°E  / 48.315; 15.907 United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as

600-853: A policy of splendid isolation in Europe, and attempted to contain Russian influence in Afghanistan and Persia , in what came to be known as the Great Game . During this time, Canada , Australia and New Zealand were granted self-governing dominion status. At the turn of the century, Britain's industrial dominance became challenged by the German Empire and the United States . The Edwardian era saw social reform and home rule for Ireland become important domestic issues, while

675-507: A result of a shortage of workers in the 1950s, the government encouraged immigration from Commonwealth countries . In the following decades, the UK became a more multi-ethnic society. Despite rising living standards in the late 1950s and 1960s, the UK's economic performance was less successful than many of its main competitors such as France, West Germany and Japan. The UK was the first democratic nation to lower its voting age to 18 in 1969. In

750-811: A series of connected wars (including the English Civil War ) which led to the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, with the execution of King Charles I , and the establishment of the short-lived unitary republic of the Commonwealth of England , Scotland and Ireland. Although the monarchy was restored , the Interregnum along with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the subsequent Bill of Rights 1689 in England and Claim of Right Act 1689 in Scotland ensured that, unlike much of

825-481: Is only the one specific nominal term 'Great Britain' which invariably excludes Northern Ireland". The BBC historically preferred to use "Britain" as shorthand only for Great Britain, though the present style guide does not take a position except that "Great Britain" excludes Northern Ireland. The adjective "British" is commonly used to refer to matters relating to the United Kingdom and is used in law to refer to United Kingdom citizenship and nationality . People of

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900-538: Is ranked 2nd out of 180 countries in the Environmental Performance Index . A law has been passed that UK greenhouse gas emissions will be net zero by 2050. England accounts for 53 per cent of the UK, covering 50,350 square miles (130,395 km ). Most of the country consists of lowland terrain, with upland and mountainous terrain northwest of the Tees–Exe line which roughly divides

975-599: Is sometimes used as a loose synonym for the United Kingdom as a whole. The word England is occasionally used incorrectly to refer to the United Kingdom as a whole, a mistake principally made by people from outside the UK. The term "Britain" is used as a synonym for Great Britain , but also sometimes for the United Kingdom. Usage is mixed: the UK Government prefers to use the term "UK" rather than "Britain" or "British" on its website (except when referring to embassies), while acknowledging that both terms refer to

1050-579: Is the Isle of Wight . Scotland accounts for 32 per cent of the UK, covering 30,410 square miles (78,772 km ). This includes nearly 800 islands , notably the Hebrides , Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands. Scotland is the most mountainous constituent country of the UK, the Highlands to the north and west are the more rugged region containing the majority of Scotland's mountainous land, including

1125-588: The 1884 Reform Act championed by William Gladstone granting suffrage to a majority of males for the first time. The British population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation , causing significant social and economic stresses. By the late 19th century, the Conservatives under Benjamin Disraeli and Lord Salisbury initiated a period of imperial expansion in Africa , maintained

1200-534: The Atlantic slave trade , mainly between 1662 and 1807 when British or British-colonial slave ships transported nearly 3.3 million slaves from Africa. The slaves were taken to work on plantations , principally in the Caribbean but also North America . However, with pressure from the abolitionism movement , Parliament banned the trade in 1807, banned slavery in the British Empire in 1833, and Britain took

1275-650: The Battle of Culloden in 1746, after which the Scottish Highlanders were forcibly assimilated into Scotland by revoking the feudal independence of clan chiefs . The British colonies in North America that broke away in the American War of Independence became the United States . British imperial ambition turned towards Asia, particularly to India . British merchants played a leading part in

1350-715: The Cairngorms , Loch Lomond and The Trossachs and Ben Nevis which at 1,345 metres (4,413 ft) is the highest point in the British Isles. Wales accounts for less than 9 per cent of the UK, covering 8,020 square miles (20,779 km ). Wales is mostly mountainous, though South Wales is less mountainous than North and mid Wales . The highest mountains in Wales are in Snowdonia and include Snowdon ( Welsh : Yr Wyddfa ) which, at 1,085 metres (3,560 ft),

1425-523: The Commonwealth of Nations . The UK was the third country to develop a nuclear weapons arsenal (with its first atomic bomb test, Operation Hurricane , in 1952), but the post-war limits of Britain's international role were illustrated by the Suez Crisis of 1956. The international spread of the English language ensured the continuing international influence of its literature and culture . As

1500-767: The European Convention on Human Rights . The UK remained a great power with global diplomatic and military influence and a leading role in the United Nations and NATO . The UK broadly supported the United States' approach to the " war on terror " in the early 21st century. British troops fought in the War in Afghanistan , but controversy surrounded Britain's military deployment in Iraq , which saw

1575-583: The European Union (EU) in 1992, the UK was one of the 12 founding member states. From the late 1960s, Northern Ireland suffered communal and paramilitary violence (sometimes affecting other parts of the UK) conventionally known as the Troubles . It is usually considered to have ended with the 1998 Belfast "Good Friday" Agreement . Following a period of widespread economic slowdown and industrial strife in

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1650-494: The Falkland Islands , leading to the 10-week Falklands War in which Argentine forces were defeated. The inhabitants of the islands are predominantly descendants of British settlers, and strongly favour British sovereignty, expressed in a 2013 referendum . From 1984, the UK economy was helped by the inflow of substantial North Sea oil revenues. Another British overseas territory, Gibraltar , ceded to Great Britain in

1725-545: The French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), the United Kingdom emerged as the principal naval and imperial power (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Unchallenged at sea , British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica ("British Peace"), a period of relative peace among the great powers (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became

1800-785: The Generali Open Kitzbühel ) and originally known as the Austrian International Championships from (1894–1968) is an annual tennis tournament held in Kitzbühel , Austria. The event was part of the ATP World Series from the creation of ATP World Tour till 1998, International Series Gold from 1999 to 2008 and ATP World Tour 250 series in 2009. It was downgraded to the ATP Challenger Tour in 2010, replaced by

1875-725: The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland united under the Treaty of Union to create the Kingdom of Great Britain . The Acts of Union 1800 incorporated the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. Most of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 as the Irish Free State , and the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 created the present United Kingdom. The UK became

1950-650: The Labour Party emerged from an alliance of trade unions and small socialist groups in 1900, and suffragettes campaigned for women's right to vote. Britain was one of the principal Allies that defeated the Central Powers in the First World War (1914–1918). Alongside their French, Russian and (after 1917) American counterparts, British armed forces were engaged across much of the British Empire and in several regions of Europe, particularly on

2025-19429: The Open de Nice Côte d'Azur , before regaining top tour status in 2011. It is once again part of the 250 series. The tournament has been held, since 1894, on clay courts . Past finals [ edit ] Singles [ edit ] Year Location Champions Runners-up Score 1894 Prague [REDACTED] Harold William Gandon [REDACTED] H. Voss 6–0, 6–1, 6–3 1895 [REDACTED] Conway William Blackwood Price [REDACTED] Harold William Gandon 6–1, 6–2, 6–4 1896 [REDACTED] Herbert Dering [REDACTED] Maurice F. Day 6–3, 6–0 ret. 1897 [REDACTED] Herbert Dering [REDACTED] Harold William Gandon 6–3, 6–1 ret. 1898 [REDACTED] Jorge André [REDACTED] Rolf Kinzl 6–1, 0–6, 6–3, 6–3 1899 [REDACTED] Herbert Dering [REDACTED] Alfred Ringhoffer 1–6, 6–0, 7–5 1900 [REDACTED] Major Ritchie [REDACTED] Herbert Dering w.o. 1901 [REDACTED] Major Ritchie [REDACTED] Kurt von Wessely 6–1, 6–2, 6–1 1902 [REDACTED] Major Ritchie [REDACTED] Frederick W. Payn 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 1903 [REDACTED] Major Ritchie [REDACTED] Kurt von Wessely 6–0, 6–0, 6–2 1904 [REDACTED] Herbert Roper Barrett [REDACTED] Major Ritchie 1–6, 6–2, 3–0 ret. 1905 [REDACTED] Major Ritchie [REDACTED] Kurt von Wessely 6–3, 8–6, 6–4 1906 [REDACTED] Anthony Wilding [REDACTED] Major Ritchie 7–5, 2–6, 7–5, 6–3 1907 [REDACTED] Anthony Wilding [REDACTED] Oscar Kreuzer 6–1, 6–1, 6–1 1908 Not held 1909 Prague [REDACTED] Kurt von Wessely [REDACTED] Felix Pipes 8–6, 6–1, 7–5 1910 [REDACTED] Heinrich Kleinschroth [REDACTED] Jaroslav Just 6–2, 6–1, 6–1 1911 [REDACTED] Heinrich Kleinschroth [REDACTED] Oscar Kreuzer 5–7, 3–6, 6–1 ret. 1912 [REDACTED] Otto Froitzheim [REDACTED] Oscar Kreuzer 6–1, 6–1 ret. 1913 [REDACTED] Oscar Kreuzer [REDACTED] Felix Pipes 8–6, 6–1, 7–5 1914 [REDACTED] Oscar Kreuzer [REDACTED] Heinrich Kleinschroth 6–2, 7–5, 6–4 1915–1919 Not held 1920 Vienna [REDACTED] Ludwig von Salm-Hoogstraeten [REDACTED] Rolf Kinzl 6–4, 6–4, 6–1 1921 [REDACTED] Robert Kleinschroth [REDACTED] Heinrich Kleinschroth 7–5, 8–6 1922 [REDACTED] Béla von Kehrling [REDACTED] Paul Brick 6–1, 6–2, 6–2 1923 [REDACTED] Oscar Kreuzer [REDACTED] Friedrich Röhrer 6–4, 6–1, 6–3 1924 [REDACTED] Uberto de Morpurgo [REDACTED] Béla von Kehrling 4–6, 6–3, 6–1, 6–4 1925 [REDACTED] Jan Koželuh [REDACTED] Pavel Macenauer w.o. 1926 [REDACTED] Jan Koželuh [REDACTED] Willy Winterstein 6–2, 6–1, 6–3 1927 [REDACTED] Roger George [REDACTED] Antoine Gentien 6–4, 6–3, 2–6, 1–6, 6–0 1928 [REDACTED] Henri Cochet [REDACTED] Franz-Wilhelm Matejka 6–4, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4 1929 [REDACTED] Henri Cochet [REDACTED] Franz-Wilhelm Matejka 6–3, 7–5, 6–3 1930 [REDACTED] Bill Tilden [REDACTED] Franz-Wilhelm Matejka 6–2, 8–6, 6–4 1931 [REDACTED] Henri Cochet [REDACTED] Roderich Menzel 4–6, 6–1, 6–1, 6–4 1932 [REDACTED] Emmanuel du Plaix [REDACTED] Roderich Menzel w.o. 1933 [REDACTED] Daniel Prenn [REDACTED] Herbert Kinzl 6–1, 5–7, 6–3, 6–1 1934 [REDACTED] Franz-Wilhelm Matejka [REDACTED] Georg Felix von Metaxa 6–3, 4–6, 5–7, 6–3, 6–4 1935 [REDACTED] Giovanni Palmieri [REDACTED] Giorgio de Stefani 6–4, 4–6, 6–1, 7–5 1936 [REDACTED] Adam Baworowski [REDACTED] Georg Felix von Metaxa 3–6, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3, 6–1 1937 [REDACTED] Ottó Szigeti [REDACTED] Hans Redl 8–6, 5–7, 6–0, 6–2 1938–1948 Not held 1949 Vienna [REDACTED] Dragutin Mitić [REDACTED] Josip Palada 8–6, 7–5, 7–5 1950 Vienna [REDACTED] Fred Kovaleski [REDACTED] Irvin Dorfman 2–6, 5–7, 6–1, 6–4, 6–3 1951 Vienna [REDACTED] Fred Huber [REDACTED] Enzo Pautassi 6–3, 6–3, 6–4 1952 Salzburg [REDACTED] Jaroslav Drobný [REDACTED] Eric Sturgess 6–2, 4–6, 2–6, 6–4, 6–0 1953 Not held 1954 Vienna [REDACTED] Kurt Nielsen [REDACTED] Malcolm Fox 6–3, 7–5, 6–1 1955 Vienna [REDACTED] Władysław Skonecki [REDACTED] Luis Ayala 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 6–2 1956 Vienna [REDACTED] Fred Huber [REDACTED] Lew Hoad 6–2, 6–4, 8–6 1957 Vienna [REDACTED] Lew Hoad [REDACTED] Jaroslav Drobný 6–3, 6–3, 6–3 1958 Pörtschach [REDACTED] Jaroslav Drobný [REDACTED] Ramanathan Krishnan 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 1959 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Budge Patty [REDACTED] Ladislav Legenstein 8–6, 6–1, 6–2 1960 Pörtschach [REDACTED] Billy Knight [REDACTED] Budge Patty 6–2, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 1961 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Roy Emerson [REDACTED] Rod Laver 6–3, 6–3, 3–6, 0–6, 6–2 1962 Graz [REDACTED] Ingo Buding [REDACTED] Alan Lane 6–1, 6–2 1963 Pörtschach [REDACTED] Fred Stolle [REDACTED] Bob Hewitt 6–2, 7–5, 6–1 1964 Vienna [REDACTED] Boro Jovanović [REDACTED] Giuseppe Merlo 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–0 1965 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Wilhelm Bungert [REDACTED] Bob Hewitt 5–7, 5–7, 6–4, 6–3, 6–3 1966 Pörtschach [REDACTED] Ion Țiriac [REDACTED] István Gulyás 6–4, 10–8, 9–7 1967 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Martin Mulligan [REDACTED] Wilhelm Bungert 6–2, 6–2, 2–6, 6–4 1968 Pörtschach [REDACTED] Martin Mulligan [REDACTED] Wilhelm Bungert 6–2, 6–2, 6–3 1969 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Manuel Santana [REDACTED] Manuel Orantes 6–4, 6–2, 6–3 ↓ Open Era ↓ 1970 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Željko Franulović [REDACTED] John Alexander 6–4, 9–7, 6–4 1971 Kitzbühel No winner [REDACTED] Clark Graebner [REDACTED] Manuel Orantes 6–1, 7–5, 6–7, 6–7, 4–4 ↓ Grand Prix circuit ↓ 1972 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Colin Dibley [REDACTED] Dick Crealy 6–1, 6–3, 6–4 1973 Kitzbühel No winner [REDACTED] Raúl Ramírez [REDACTED] Manuel Orantes 1974 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Balázs Taróczy [REDACTED] Onny Parun 6–1, 6–4, 6–4 1975 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Adriano Panatta [REDACTED] Jan Kodeš 2–6, 6–2, 7–5, 6–4 1976 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Manuel Orantes [REDACTED] Jan Kodeš 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 1977 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Guillermo Vilas [REDACTED] Jan Kodeš 5–7, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 1978 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Chris Lewis [REDACTED] Vladimír Zedník 6–1, 6–4, 6–0 1979 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Vitas Gerulaitis [REDACTED] Pavel Složil 6–2, 6–2, 6–4 1980 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Guillermo Vilas [REDACTED] Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–2, 6–2 1981 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] John Fitzgerald [REDACTED] Guillermo Vilas 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 1982 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Guillermo Vilas [REDACTED] Marcos Hocevar 7–6, 6–1 1983 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Guillermo Vilas [REDACTED] Henri Leconte 7–6, 4–6, 6–4 1984 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] José Higueras [REDACTED] Víctor Pecci 7–5, 3–6, 6–1 1985 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Pavel Složil [REDACTED] Michael Westphal 7–5, 6–2 1986 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Miloslav Mečíř [REDACTED] Andrés Gómez 6–4, 4–6, 6–1, 2–6, 6–3 1987 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Emilio Sánchez [REDACTED] Miloslav Mečíř 6–4, 6–1, 4–6, 6–1 1988 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Kent Carlsson [REDACTED] Emilio Sánchez 6–1, 6–1, 4–6, 4–6, 6–3 1989 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Emilio Sánchez [REDACTED] Martín Jaite 7–6, 6–1, 2–6, 6–2 ↓ ATP Tour 250 ↓ 1990 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Horacio de la Peña [REDACTED] Karel Nováček 6–4, 7–6, 2–6, 6–2 1991 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Karel Nováček [REDACTED] Magnus Gustafsson 7–6, 7–6, 6–2 1992 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Pete Sampras [REDACTED] Alberto Mancini 6–3, 7–5, 6–3 1993 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Thomas Muster [REDACTED] Javier Sánchez 6–3, 7–5, 6–4 1994 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Goran Ivanišević [REDACTED] Fabrice Santoro 6–2, 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 1995 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Albert Costa [REDACTED] Thomas Muster 4–6, 6–4, 7–6, 2–6, 6–4 1996 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Alberto Berasategui [REDACTED] Àlex Corretja 6–2, 6–4, 6–4 1997 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Filip Dewulf [REDACTED] Julián Alonso 7–6, 6–4, 6–1 1998 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Albert Costa [REDACTED] Andrea Gaudenzi 6–2, 1–6, 6–2, 3–6, 6–1 ↓ ATP Tour 500 ↓ 1999 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Albert Costa [REDACTED] Fernando Vicente 7–5, 6–2, 6–7, 7–6 2000 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Àlex Corretja [REDACTED] Emilio Benfele Álvarez 6–3, 6–1, 3–0, ret. 2001 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Nicolás Lapentti [REDACTED] Albert Costa 1–6, 6–4, 7–5, 7–5 2002 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Àlex Corretja [REDACTED] Juan Carlos Ferrero 6–4, 6–1, 6–3 2003 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Guillermo Coria [REDACTED] Nicolás Massú 6–1, 6–4, 6–2 2004 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Nicolás Massú [REDACTED] Gastón Gaudio 7–6, 6–4 2005 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Gastón Gaudio [REDACTED] Fernando Verdasco 2–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–4 2006 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Agustín Calleri [REDACTED] Juan Ignacio Chela 7–6, 6–2, 6–3 2007 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Juan Mónaco [REDACTED] Potito Starace 5–7, 6–3, 6–4 2008 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Juan Martín del Potro [REDACTED] Jürgen Melzer 6–2, 6–1 ↓   ATP Tour 250   ↓ 2009 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Guillermo García López [REDACTED] Julien Benneteau 3–6, 7–6, 6–3 ↓   ATP Challenger Tour   ↓ 2010 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Andreas Seppi [REDACTED] Victor Crivoi 6–2, 6–1 ↓   ATP Tour 250   ↓ 2011 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Robin Haase [REDACTED] Albert Montañés 6–4, 4–6, 6–1 2012 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Robin Haase [REDACTED] Philipp Kohlschreiber 6–7, 6–3, 6–2 2013 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Marcel Granollers [REDACTED] Juan Mónaco 0–6, 7–6, 6–4 2014 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] David Goffin [REDACTED] Dominic Thiem 4–6, 6–1, 6–3 2015 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Philipp Kohlschreiber [REDACTED] Paul-Henri Mathieu 2–6, 6–2, 6–2 2016 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Paolo Lorenzi [REDACTED] Nikoloz Basilashvili 6–3, 6–4 2017 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Philipp Kohlschreiber [REDACTED] João Sousa 6–3, 6–4 2018 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Martin Kližan [REDACTED] Denis Istomin 6–2, 6–2 2019 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Dominic Thiem [REDACTED] Albert Ramos Viñolas 7–6, 6–1 2020 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Miomir Kecmanović [REDACTED] Yannick Hanfmann 6–4, 6–4 2021 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Casper Ruud [REDACTED] Pedro Martínez 6–1, 4–6, 6–3 2022 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Roberto Bautista Agut [REDACTED] Filip Misolic 6–2, 6–2 2023 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Sebastián Báez [REDACTED] Dominic Thiem 6–3, 6–1 2024 Kitzbühel [REDACTED] Matteo Berrettini [REDACTED] Hugo Gaston 7–5, 6–3 Doubles [ edit ] Year Champions Runners-up Score 1995 [REDACTED] Francisco Montana [REDACTED] Greg Van Emburgh [REDACTED] Jordi Arrese [REDACTED] Wayne Arthurs 6–7, 6–3, 7–6 1996 [REDACTED] Libor Pimek [REDACTED] Byron Talbot [REDACTED] David Adams [REDACTED] Menno Oosting 7–6, 6–3 1997 [REDACTED] Wayne Arthurs [REDACTED] Richard Fromberg [REDACTED] Thomas Buchmayer [REDACTED] Thomas Strengberger 6–4, 6–3 1998 [REDACTED] Tom Kempers [REDACTED] Daniel Orsanic [REDACTED] Joshua Eagle [REDACTED] Andrew Kratzmann 6–3, 6–4 1999 [REDACTED] Chris Haggard [REDACTED] Peter Nyborg [REDACTED] Álex Calatrava [REDACTED] Dušan Vemić 6–3, 6–7, 7–6 2000 [REDACTED] Pablo Albano [REDACTED] Cyril Suk [REDACTED] Joshua Eagle [REDACTED] Andrew Florent 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 2001 [REDACTED] Àlex Corretja [REDACTED] Luis Lobo [REDACTED] Simon Aspelin [REDACTED] Andrew Kratzmann 6–1, 6–4 2002 [REDACTED] Robbie Koenig [REDACTED] Thomas Shimada [REDACTED] Lucas Arnold Ker [REDACTED] Àlex Corretja 7–6, 6–4 2003 [REDACTED] Martin Damm [REDACTED] Cyril Suk [REDACTED] Jürgen Melzer [REDACTED] Alexander Peya 6–4, 6–4 2004 [REDACTED] Leoš Friedl [REDACTED] František Čermák [REDACTED] Lucas Arnold Ker [REDACTED] Martín García 6–3, 7–5 2005 [REDACTED] Andrei Pavel [REDACTED] Leoš Friedl [REDACTED] Christophe Rochus [REDACTED] Olivier Rochus 6–2, 6–7, 6–0 2006 [REDACTED] Philipp Kohlschreiber [REDACTED] Stefan Koubek [REDACTED] Oliver Marach [REDACTED] Cyril Suk 6–2, 6–3 2007 [REDACTED] Potito Starace [REDACTED] Luis Horna [REDACTED] Tomas Behrend [REDACTED] Christopher Kas 7–6, 7–6 2008 [REDACTED] James Cerretani [REDACTED] Victor Hănescu [REDACTED] Lucas Arnold Ker [REDACTED] Olivier Rochus 6–3, 7–5 2009 [REDACTED] André Sá [REDACTED] Marcelo Melo [REDACTED] Andrei Pavel [REDACTED] Horia Tecău 6–7, 6–2, [10–7] 2010 [REDACTED] Dustin Brown [REDACTED] Rogier Wassen [REDACTED] Hans Podlipnik Castillo [REDACTED] Max Raditschnigg 3–6, 7–5, [10–7] 2011 [REDACTED] Daniele Bracciali [REDACTED] Santiago González [REDACTED] Franco Ferreiro [REDACTED] André Sá 7–6, 4–6, [11–9] 2012 [REDACTED] František Čermák [REDACTED] Julian Knowle [REDACTED] Dustin Brown [REDACTED] Paul Hanley 7–6, 3–6, [12–10] 2013 [REDACTED] Martin Emmrich [REDACTED] Christopher Kas [REDACTED] František Čermák [REDACTED] Lukáš Dlouhý 6–4, 6–3 2014 [REDACTED] Henri Kontinen [REDACTED] Jarkko Nieminen [REDACTED] Daniele Bracciali [REDACTED] Andrey Golubev 6–1, 6–4 2015 [REDACTED] Nicolás Almagro [REDACTED] Carlos Berlocq [REDACTED] Robin Haase [REDACTED] Henri Kontinen 5–7, 6–3, [11–9] 2016 [REDACTED] Wesley Koolhof [REDACTED] Matwé Middelkoop [REDACTED] Dennis Novak [REDACTED] Dominic Thiem 2–6, 6–3, [11–9] 2017 [REDACTED] Pablo Cuevas [REDACTED] Guillermo Durán [REDACTED] Hans Podlipnik Castillo [REDACTED] Andrei Vasilevski 6–4, 4–6, [12–10] 2018 [REDACTED] Roman Jebavý [REDACTED] Andrés Molteni [REDACTED] Daniele Bracciali [REDACTED] Federico Delbonis 6–2, 6–4 2019 [REDACTED] Philipp Oswald [REDACTED] Filip Polášek [REDACTED] Sander Gillé [REDACTED] Joran Vliegen 6–4, 6–4 2020 [REDACTED] Austin Krajicek [REDACTED] Franko Škugor [REDACTED] Marcel Granollers [REDACTED] Horacio Zeballos 7–6, 7–5 2021 [REDACTED] Alexander Erler [REDACTED] Lucas Miedler [REDACTED] Roman Jebavý [REDACTED] Matwé Middelkoop 7–5, 7–6 2022 [REDACTED] Pedro Martínez [REDACTED] Lorenzo Sonego [REDACTED] Tim Pütz [REDACTED] Michael Venus 5–7, 6–4, [10–8] 2023 [REDACTED] Alexander Erler [REDACTED] Lucas Miedler [REDACTED] Gonzalo Escobar [REDACTED] Aleksandr Nedovyesov 6–4, 6–4 References [ edit ] ^ Match suspended due to lack of light. Both players shared

2100-647: The Representation of the People Act 1918 . After the war, Britain became a permanent member of the Executive Council of the League of Nations and received a mandate over a number of former German and Ottoman colonies. Under the leadership of David Lloyd George , the British Empire reached its greatest extent, covering a fifth of the world's land surface and a quarter of its population. By

2175-973: The Soviet Union formed in 1941, leading the Allies against the Axis powers . There were eventual hard-fought victories in the Battle of the Atlantic , the North Africa campaign and the Italian campaign . British forces played important roles in the Normandy landings of 1944 and the liberation of Europe . The British Army led the Burma campaign against Japan, and the British Pacific Fleet fought Japan at sea. British scientists contributed to

2250-452: The United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a country in Northwestern Europe , off the coast of the continental mainland . It comprises England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . The UK includes the island of Great Britain , the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland , and most of the smaller islands within the British Isles , making up a total area of 94,354 square miles (244,376 km ). Northern Ireland shares

2325-449: The Western Front . The high fatalities of trench warfare caused the loss of much of a generation of men, with lasting social effects in the nation and a great disruption in the social order. Britain had suffered 2.5 million casualties and finished the war with a huge national debt. The consequences of the war persuaded the government to expand the right to vote in national and local elections to all adult men and most adult women with

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2400-408: The coastline paradox . It is connected to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel , which at 31 miles (50 km) (24 miles (38 km) underwater) is the longest underwater tunnel in the world. The UK contains four terrestrial ecoregions: Celtic broadleaf forests , English Lowlands beech forests , North Atlantic moist mixed forests , and Caledonian conifer forests . The area of woodland in

2475-436: The largest protest in British history in opposition to the government led by Tony Blair . The Great Recession severely affected the UK economy. The Cameron–Clegg coalition government of 2010 introduced austerity measures intended to tackle the substantial public deficits. Studies have suggested that policy led to significant social disruption and suffering. A referendum on Scottish independence in 2014 resulted in

2550-512: The 16th century and established the Church of England . Moreover, it defined a national identity for England and slowly, but profoundly, changed people's religious beliefs. Wales was fully incorporated into the Kingdom of England , and Ireland was constituted as a kingdom in personal union with the English crown. In what was to become Northern Ireland, the lands of the independent Catholic Gaelic nobility were confiscated and given to Protestant settlers from England and Scotland. In 1603,

2625-401: The 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, is a key military base . A referendum in 2002 on shared sovereignty with Spain was rejected by 98.97% of voters in the territory. Around the end of the 20th century, there were major changes to the governance of the UK with the establishment of devolved administrations for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The statutory incorporation followed acceptance of

2700-406: The 1970s, the Conservative government of the 1980s led by Margaret Thatcher initiated a radical policy of monetarism , deregulation, particularly of the financial sector (for example, the Big Bang in 1986) and labour markets, the sale of state-owned companies (privatisation), and the withdrawal of subsidies to others. In 1982, Argentina invaded the British territories of South Georgia and

2775-476: The 5th century) united with the Picts to create the Kingdom of Scotland in the 9th century. In 1066, the Normans invaded England from northern France. After conquering England , they seized large parts of Wales , conquered much of Ireland and were invited to settle in Scotland, bringing to each country feudalism on the Northern French model and Norman-French culture. The Anglo-Norman ruling class greatly influenced, but eventually assimilated with,

2850-464: The Brittonic area mainly to what was to become Wales , Cornwall and, until the latter stages of the Anglo-Saxon settlement, the Hen Ogledd (northern England and parts of southern Scotland). Most of the region settled by the Anglo-Saxons became unified as the Kingdom of England in the 10th century. Meanwhile, Gaelic speakers in north-west Britain (with connections to the north-east of Ireland and traditionally supposed to have migrated from there in

2925-452: The Manhattan Project whose task was to build an atomic weapon. Once built, it was decided, with British consent, to use the weapon against Japan. The UK was one of the Big Three powers (along with the US and the Soviet Union) who met to plan the post-war world ; it drafted the Declaration by United Nations with the United States and became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . It worked closely with

3000-425: The Name of Great Britain". The term "United Kingdom" has occasionally been used as a description for the former Kingdom of Great Britain , although its official name from 1707 to 1800 was simply "Great Britain". The Acts of Union 1800 formed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . Following the partition of Ireland and the independence of the Irish Free State in 1922, which left Northern Ireland as

3075-411: The Normans conquered England . With the end of the Wars of the Roses the English state stabilised and began to grow in power, resulting by the 16th century in the annexation of Wales , the domination of Scotland , and the establishment of the British Empire . Over the course of the 17th century, the role of the British monarchy was reduced, particularly as a result of the English Civil War . In 1707,

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3150-495: The Scottish electorate voting by 55.3 to 44.7% to remain part of the United Kingdom. In 2016, 51.9 per cent of voters in the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union . The UK left the EU in 2020. On 1 May 2021, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement came into force. The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the UK's economy , caused major disruptions to education and had far-reaching impacts on society and politics in 2020 and 2021. The United Kingdom

3225-489: The Second World War damaged Britain's economic power and a global wave of decolonisation led to the independence of most British colonies. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy . The UK has three distinct jurisdictions: England and Wales , Scotland , and Northern Ireland . Since 1999, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own governments and parliaments which control various devolved matters. A developed country ,

3300-430: The UK has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). It is a nuclear state , and is ranked fifth globally in military expenditure . The UK has been a permanent member of the UN Security Council since its first session in 1946. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , Council of Europe , G7 , OECD , NATO , Five Eyes , AUKUS and CPTPP . British influence can be observed in

3375-484: The UK in 2023 is estimated to be 3.25 million hectares, which represents 13% of the total land area in the UK. Most of the United Kingdom has a temperate climate, with generally cool temperatures and plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below 0  °C (32  °F ) or rising above 30 °C (86 °F). Some parts, away from the coast, of upland England, Wales, Northern Ireland and most of Scotland, experience

3450-433: The UK into lowland and upland areas. Lowland areas include Cornwall , the New Forest , the South Downs and the Norfolk Broads . Upland areas include the Lake District , the Pennines , the Yorkshire Dales , Exmoor , and Dartmoor . The main rivers and estuaries are the Thames , Severn , and the Humber . England's highest mountain is Scafell Pike , at 978 metres (3,209 ft) in the Lake District; its largest island

3525-402: The United Kingdom and that elsewhere "British government" is used at least as frequently as "United Kingdom government". The UK Permanent Committee on Geographical Names recognises "United Kingdom", "UK" and "U.K." as shortened and abbreviated geopolitical terms for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in its toponymic guidelines; it does not list "Britain" but notes that "it

3600-411: The United Kingdom is 1339.7 hours, which is just under 30% of the maximum possible. The hours of sunshine vary from 1200 to about 1580 hours per year, and since 1996 the UK has been and still is receiving above the 1981 to 2010 average hours of sunshine. Climate change has a serious impact on the country. A third of food price rise in 2023 is attributed to climate change. As of 2022, the United Kingdom

3675-436: The United Kingdom use several different terms to describe their national identity and may identify themselves as being British , English , Scottish , Welsh , Northern Irish , or Irish ; or as having a combination of different national identities. Settlement by Cro-Magnons of what was to become the United Kingdom occurred in waves beginning by about 30,000 years ago. The island has been continuously inhabited only since

3750-491: The United Kingdom. The 1928 Equal Franchise Act gave women electoral equality with men in national elections. Strikes in the mid-1920s culminated in the General Strike of 1926 . Britain had still not recovered from the effects of the First World War when the Great Depression (1929–1932) led to considerable unemployment and hardship in the old industrial areas, as well as political and social unrest with rising membership in communist and socialist parties. A coalition government

3825-478: The United States to establish the IMF , World Bank and NATO . The war left the UK severely weakened and financially dependent on the Marshall Plan , but it was spared the total war that devastated eastern Europe. In the immediate post-war years, the Labour government under Clement Attlee initiated a radical programme of reforms, which significantly impacted British society in the following decades . Major industries and public utilities were nationalised ,

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3900-15534: The Year 2002 Succeeded by Dubai Preceded by Gstaad ATP World Series Tournament of the Year 1997 Succeeded by Dubai v t e Kitzbühel tournaments 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 v t e ATP Tour 250 (since 2009) Present Buenos Aires Marseille Delray Beach New Haven / Winston-Salem 2009, 2011–present: Kitzbühel 2009–2010, 2012–present: Lyon / Montpellier 2009–2014, 2017–2019, 2021–present: Eastbourne 2009–2014, 2020–present: Viña del Mar / Santiago 2009–2019, 2024–present: Brisbane 2009–2016, 2024–present: Bucharest Stuttgart Båstad Gstaad Umag Stockholm Metz 2009–2019, 2022–present: Houston Casablanca / Marrakech 's-Hertogenbosch 2009–2020, 2023–present: Auckland 2015–2019, 2021–present: Geneva 2015–2019, 2023–present: Chengdu 2016–present: Antwerp 2016–2019, 2021–present: Los Cabos 2020, 2022–present: Adelaide 2020–2021, 2023–present: Astana/Almaty 2021–present: Mallorca 2021, 2024-present: Belgrade 2 2024-present: Hong Kong Hangzhou Past 2009: Indianapolis 2009–2011: Johannesburg 2009–2012: Los Angeles 2009–2012, 2021–2022: Belgrade 2009–2013: San Jose Bangkok 2009–2013, 2015–2019, 2021: St. Petersburg 2009–2014: Halle Estoril (Oeiras) London Vienna 2009–2015: Zagreb Kuala Lumpur 2009–2019: Costa do Sauípe / São Paulo 2009–2019, 2022: Sydney 2009–2019, 2021–2024: Munich 2009–2021: Moscow 2009–2024: Doha Newport 2010–2019, 2021–2024: Atlanta 2010–2016: Nice 2013–2014: Düsseldorf 2013–2015: Bogotá 2014–2017: Memphis 2014–2018: Shenzhen 2015: Valencia 2015–2016: Nottingham 2015–2018: Quito Istanbul 2015–2024: Estoril (Cascais) 2016–2023: Sofia 2017–2019: Budapest 2017–2019, 2021–2024: Lyon 2017–2021: Antalya 2018–2020: New York 2019, 2023: Zhuhai 2019–2024: Córdoba 2020: Cologne Cologne 2 2020–2021: Cagliari 2021: Singapore Marbella Parma 2021–2022: Melbourne San Diego 2022: Florence Naples Seoul Tel Aviv Gijón 2022–2023: Adelaide 2 2022–2024: Dallas 2023: Banja Luka Predecessors: ATP World Series (1990–1999) ATP International Series (2000–2008) Previous tournament categories (1990–2010) v t e ATP Challenger Tour tournaments Europe Austria Graz Kitzbühel Salzburg Belgium Bercuit Mons Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Banja Luka Bulgaria Sofia Dobrich Croatia Rijeka Zagreb Czech Republic Liberec Ostrava Prague 1 Prague 2 Prostějov Denmark Kolding Finland Helsinki 1 Helsinki 2 Tampere France Aix-en-Provence Besançon Blois Bordeaux Brest Cassis Cherbourg Grenoble Le Gosier Lille Lyon Montauban Mouilleron-le-Captif Nouméa Orléans Pau Quimper Rennes Réunion Roanne Saint-Brieuc Saint-Rémy-de-Provence Saint-Tropez Sophia Antipolis Germany Aachen Augsburg Braunschweig Dortmund Dresden Eckental Freudenstadt Fürth Hamburg Heilbronn 1 Heilbronn 2 Ismaning Karlsruhe Koblenz Ludwigshafen Marburg Meerbusch Oberstaufen Pullach Wolfsburg Greece Rhodes Athens Hungary Budapest Lithuania Vilnius 1 Vilnius 2 Luxembourg Pétange Ireland Dublin Italy Alessandria Andria Barletta Bergamo Biella Brescia Cagliari Caltanissetta Como Cordenons Cortina Courmayeur Cremona Fano Florence Francavilla Genoa L'Aquila Manerbio Mestre Milan Monza Naples Napoli Olbia Orbetello Ortisei Padova Palermo Parma Perugia Recanati Reggio Emilia Rimini Rome 1 Rome 2 Rome 3 San Benedetto del Tronto Sanremo Sassuolo Todi Trani Turin 1 Turin 2 Vercelli Vicenza Netherlands Alphen aan den Rijn Amersfoort Scheveningen North Macedonia Skopje Poland Bytom Poznań Sopot 1 Sopot 2 Szczecin Wrocław Portugal Braga Guimarães Lisbon Maia Porto Romania Arad Brașov Bucharest Constanța Sibiu Timișoara Russia Khanty-Mansiysk Kazan 1 Kazan 2 Lermontov Moscow Penza Saransk Togliatti Tyumen San Marino San Marino Serbia Belgrade Slovakia Bratislava 1 Bratislava 2 Košice Poprad Trnava Slovenia Ljubljana Portorož Spain Alicante Barcelona Lanzarote Madrid Mallorca Marbella 1 Marbella 2 Murcia Pozoblanco San Sebastián Segovia Seville Tarragona Tenerife Vigo Sweden Båstad Jönköping Switzerland Chiasso Geneva Lugano Turkey Ağrı Batman Eskişehir Istanbul 1 Istanbul 2 İzmir Mersin Ukraine Cherkassy Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk United Kingdom Barnstaple Bath Glasgow 1 Glasgow 2 Ilkley Jersey 1 Jersey 2 Loughborough 1 Loughborough 2 Manchester Nottingham 1 Nottingham 2 Nottingham 3 Nottingham 4 Surbiton Africa Egypt Cairo Morocco Casablanca 1 Casablanca 2 Kenitra Marrakech Meknes Mohammedia Rabat Tanger Rwanda Kigali South Africa East London Johannesburg Potchefstroom Tunisia Tunis Asia China Anning Baotou Beijing Chengdu Guangzhou Jinan Kunming Liuzhou Nanchang Nanjing Ningbo Pingguo Qingdao Quanzhou Shanghai Shenzhen 1 Shenzhen 2 Shenzhen 3 Suzhou Tianjin Wuhai Wuhan Zhangjiagang Zhuhai Hong Kong Hong Kong India Bangalore Chennai 1 Chennai 2 Indore Kolkata New Delhi 1 New Delhi 2 Pune Israel Jerusalem Ra'anana Japan Kobe Kyoto Toyota Yokkaichi Yokohama Kazakhstan Almaty 1 Almaty 2 Astana 2 Astana 3 Nur-Sultan 1 Nur-Sultan 2 Shymkent Philippines Manila Singapore Singapore South Korea Busan Chuncheon Gimcheon Gwangju Seoul 1 Seoul 2 Yeongwol Taiwan Kaohsiung Taipei Thailand Bangkok 1 Bangkok 2 Bangkok 3 Bangkok 4 Bangkok 5 Hua Hin Khorat Uzbekistan Bukhara Fergana Qarshi Samarkand Tashkent Vietnam Da Nang Ho Chi Minh City Australia Australia Adelaide Bendigo Burnie Caloundra Canberra Challenger Canberra Happy Valley Launceston Melbourne 1 Melbourne 2 Playford Sydney Traralgon North America Bermuda Paget Canada Calgary Drummondville Gatineau Granby Vancouver Winnipeg Mexico Aguascalientes Cancún Cuernavaca Guadalajara León Mexico City 1 Mexico City 2 Mexico City 3 Monterrey Puebla Puerto Vallarta San Luis Potosí United States Aptos Baton Rouge Binghamton Birmingham Bronx Calabasas Carson Cary Champaign Charlottesville Cleveland Columbus Dallas Fairfield Forest Hills Houston Indian Wells Irving Knoxville Lāhainā Las Vegas Lexington Little Rock Louisville Lubbock Napa Naples Nashville New Haven Newport Beach Ojai Orlando Phoenix Sacramento San Francisco Sarasota Savannah Sioux Falls Stockton Sunrise Tallahassee Tempe Tiburon Tulsa Tunica Valencia Waikoloa Winnetka Yuba City Central America and Caribbean Costa Rica San José Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Panama Chitré Panama City South America Argentina Buenos Aires 1 Buenos Aires 2 Buenos Aires 3 Buenos Aires 4 Buenos Aires 5 Buenos Aires 6 Córdoba Corrientes Mendoza San Juan Villa Allende Brazil Belém Belo Horizonte Brasília 1 Brasília 2 Blumenau Campinas Campos do Jordão Challenger Tour Finals-São Paulo Copa Petrobras-São Paulo Curitiba 1 Curitiba 2 Florianópolis Itajaí Prime Cup Aberto-São Paulo Open de Tenis-São Paulo Porto Alegre Recife 1 Recife 2 Rio de Janeiro 1 Rio de Janeiro 2 Rio de Janeiro 3 Rio Quente Salvador Santos São José do Rio Preto São Leopoldo São Paulo Chile Iquique La Serena Cachantún-Santiago Movistar-Santiago Petrobras-Santiago Colombia Bancolombia-Bogotá Barranquilla Cali 1 Cali 2 Floridablanca Medellín Pereira Seguros Bolívar-Bogotá Ecuador Guayaquil Manta Quito Salinas Paraguay Asunción Peru Lima Uruguay Montevideo Punta del Este v t e ATP International Series Gold (2000–2008) Regular 2000–2008: Rotterdam Memphis Mexico City / Acapulco Barcelona Kitzbühel Tokyo Vienna Irregular 2000–2001, 2003–2008: Stuttgart 2000: London 2000–2002: Washington Indianapolis 2001–2008: Dubai Predecessor: ATP Championship Series (1990–1999) Successor: ATP Tour 500 (since 2009) v t e ATP Championship Series (1990–1999) Regular 1990–1999: Barcelona Tokyo Outdoor Stuttgart Outdoor Washington Indianapolis Irregular 1990: Toronto Indoor 1990–1992: Brussels 1990–1994: Sydney Indoor 1990–1995: Tokyo Indoor Stuttgart Indoor 1990–1998: Philadelphia New Haven 1991–1999: Memphis 1993–1997: Milan 1996–1998: Antwerp 1996–1999: Vienna 1997–1999: Singapore 1998–1999: London 1999: Rotterdam Kitzbühel Successors: ATP International Series Gold (2000–2008) ATP Tour 500 (since 2009) v t e ATP World Series (1990–1999) Regular 1990–1999: San Francisco / San Jose Kiawah Island / Charlotte / Birmingham / Pinehurst / Orlando Munich Estoril Genoa / St. Polten London 's-Hertogenbosch Newport Gstaad Båstad Hilversum / Amsterdam Los Angeles Umag Long Island Moscow Basel Lyon Adelaide Wellington Sydney Outdoor Auckland Orlando / Atlanta Hong Kong Bologna San Marino Palermo Prague Toulouse Irregular 1990: Memphis Rio de Janeiro Sanremo Wembley Itaparica 1990–1991: Geneva Berlin 1990–1992, 1996: Singapore 1990, 1992–1999: Casablanca 1990–1992: Milan Guaruja Brisbane 1990–1994: Manchester Florence Schenectady Athens Madrid 1990–1995: Nice Bordeaux Vienna 1990–1996: Seoul Tel Aviv 1990–1998: Rotterdam Kitzbühel 1991: Brasília Birmingham, UK 1991–1992: Buzios 1991–1993: São Paulo Tampa 1991–1999: Copenhagen 1992: Maceió Cologne 1992–1993: Bolzano Taipei 1992–1994: Antwerp 1992–1995: Johannesburg / Durban / Sun City 1992–1997: Scottsdale 1993–1994: Zaragoza Osaka 1993–1995: Kuala Lumpur 1993–1996: Jakarta 1993–1999: Doha Delray Beach Santiago / Viña del Mar Marseille Buenos Aires Halle Beijing Bucharest Birmingham, USA Dubai Mexico City 1994: Oahu 1994–1995: Montevideo 1994–1997: Ostrava Bogotá 1995–1996: Bermuda Porto 1995–1999: Valencia / Marbella Nottingham Stockholm St. Petersburg 1996–1999: Chennai Shanghai Stuttgart Outdoor Zagreb Bournemouth / Brighton 1997–1999: Boston Tashkent 1999: Merano Successors: ATP International Series (2000–2008) ATP 250 tournaments (since 2009) Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austrian_Open_Kitzbühel&oldid=1256412067 " Categories : Austrian Open Kitzbühel ATP Tour 250 Tennis tournaments in Austria Clay court tennis tournaments ATP Challenger Tour Kitzbühel Sport in Tyrol (federal state) 1894 establishments in Austria Recurring sporting events established in 1894 National and multi-national tennis tournaments Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Official website different in Wikidata and Misplaced Pages Austrian Open (golf) The 2018 event

3975-401: The acquisition and settlement of overseas colonies , particularly in North America and the Caribbean. Though previous attempts at uniting the two kingdoms within Great Britain in 1606, 1667, and 1689 had proved unsuccessful, the attempt initiated in 1705 led to the Treaty of Union of 1706 being agreed and ratified by both parliaments. On 1 May 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed,

4050-405: The decades-long process of European integration , the UK was a founding member of the Western European Union , established with the London and Paris Conferences in 1954. In 1960 the UK was one of the seven founding members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but in 1973 it left to join the European Communities (EC). In a 1975 referendum 67% voted to stay in it. When the EC became

4125-424: The eastern parts are the driest. Atlantic currents, warmed by the Gulf Stream , bring mild winters, especially in the west where winters are wet and even more so over high ground. Summers are warmest in the southeast of England and coolest in the north. Heavy snowfall can occur in winter and early spring on high ground, and occasionally settles to great depth away from the hills. The average total annual sunshine in

4200-404: The first industrialised country and was the world's foremost power for the majority of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly during the " Pax Britannica " between 1815 and 1914. At its height in the 1920s, the British Empire encompassed almost a quarter of the world's landmass and population, and was the largest empire in history . However, its involvement in the First World War and

4275-411: The first year, Britain and its Empire continued the war against Germany. Churchill engaged industry, scientists and engineers to support the government and the military in the prosecution of the war effort. In 1940, the Royal Air Force defeated the German Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain . Urban areas suffered heavy bombing during the Blitz . The Grand Alliance of Britain, the United States and

4350-410: The formal control it exerted over its own colonies, British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of regions such as East Asia and Latin America . Throughout the Victorian era , political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies. Beginning with the Great Reform Act in 1832, Parliament gradually widened the voting franchise , with

4425-466: The global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. From 1853 to 1856, Britain took part in the Crimean War , allied with the Ottoman Empire against Tsarist Russia , participating in the naval battles of the Baltic Sea known as the Åland War in the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland , among others. Following the Indian Rebellion in 1857 , the British government led by Lord Palmerston assumed direct rule over India . Alongside

4500-403: The kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland were united in a personal union when James VI, King of Scots , inherited the crowns of England and Ireland and moved his court from Edinburgh to London; each country nevertheless remained a separate political entity and retained its separate political, legal, and religious institutions. In the mid-17th century, all three kingdoms were involved in

4575-411: The largest in Western Europe , with a population of 14.9 million. The cities of Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast are the national capitals of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, respectively. The lands of the UK have been inhabited continuously since the Neolithic . In AD 43 the Roman conquest of Britain began; the Roman departure was followed by Anglo-Saxon settlement . In 1066,

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4650-408: The last retreat of the ice around 11,500 years ago. By the end of the region's prehistoric period , the population is thought to have belonged largely to a culture termed Insular Celtic , comprising Brittonic Britain and Gaelic Ireland . The Roman conquest , beginning in 43 AD, and the 400-year rule of southern Britain , was followed by an invasion by Germanic Anglo-Saxon settlers, reducing

4725-409: The legal and political systems of many of its former colonies , and British culture remains globally influential, particularly in language , literature , music and sport . English is the world's most widely spoken language and the third-most spoken native language . The Acts of Union 1707 declared that the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland were "United into One Kingdom by

4800-471: The local cultures. Subsequent medieval English kings completed the conquest of Wales and tried unsuccessfully to annex Scotland . Asserting its independence in the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath , Scotland maintained its independence thereafter, albeit in near-constant conflict with England . In 1215 the Magna Carta was the first document to state that no government was above the law, that citizens have rights protecting them and that they were entitled to

4875-436: The major part of the British Isles archipelago and includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland and some smaller surrounding islands. It lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea with the southeast coast coming within 22 miles (35 km) of the coast of northern France, from which it is separated by the English Channel . The Royal Greenwich Observatory in London

4950-619: The mid-1920s, most of the British population could listen to BBC radio programmes. Experimental television broadcasts began in 1929 and the first scheduled BBC Television Service commenced in 1936. The rise of Irish nationalism , and disputes within Ireland over the terms of Irish Home Rule , led eventually to the partition of the island in 1921. A period of conflict in what is now Northern Ireland occurred from June 1920 until June 1922. The Irish Free State became independent, initially with Dominion status in 1922, and unambiguously independent in 1931 . Northern Ireland remained part of

5025-463: The only part of the island of Ireland within the United Kingdom, the name was changed in 1927 to the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Although the United Kingdom is a sovereign country, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are also widely referred to as countries . The UK Prime Minister's website has used the phrase "countries within a country" to describe the United Kingdom. Some statistical summaries, such as those for

5100-743: The prize ^ Match was suspended due to heavy rain before it started. Both players shared the prize ^ Known as World Series from 1990 till 1999. ^ Known as Championship Series from 1990 till 1999 and International Series Gold from 2000 till 2008. ^ Archives, Tennis. "Austrian International Championships" . tennisarchives.com . Tennis Archives, 2015 . Retrieved 12 December 2016 . Official tournament brochure including past champions' list External links [ edit ] Official website ATP tournament profile ITF Search Awards and achievements Preceded by Indianapolis ATP International Series Gold Tournament of

5175-442: The rest of Europe, royal absolutism would not prevail, and a professed Catholic could never accede to the throne. The British constitution would develop on the basis of constitutional monarchy and the parliamentary system . With the founding of the Royal Society in 1660, science was greatly encouraged. During this period, particularly in England, the development of naval power and the interest in voyages of discovery led to

5250-406: The result of the Acts of Union 1707 between the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland . In the 18th century, cabinet government developed under Robert Walpole , in practice the first prime minister (1721–1742). A series of Jacobite uprisings sought to remove the Protestant House of Hanover from the throne and restore the Catholic House of Stuart . The Jacobites were finally defeated at

5325-436: The twelve NUTS 1 regions , refer to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland as "regions". Northern Ireland is also referred to as a "province". With regard to Northern Ireland, the descriptive name used "can be controversial, with the choice often revealing one's political preferences". The term "Great Britain" conventionally refers to the island of Great Britain, or politically to England, Scotland and Wales in combination. It

5400-623: Was chosen as the defining point of the Prime Meridian at the International Meridian Conference in 1884. The United Kingdom lies between latitudes 49° and 61° N , and longitudes 9° W and 2° E . Northern Ireland shares a 224-mile (360 km) land boundary with the Republic of Ireland. The coastline of Great Britain is 11,073 miles (17,820 km) long, though measurements can vary greatly due to

5475-470: Was formed in 1931. Nonetheless, "Britain was a very wealthy country, formidable in arms, ruthless in pursuit of its interests and sitting at the heart of a global production system." After Nazi Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Britain entered the Second World War . Winston Churchill became prime minister and head of a coalition government in 1940. Despite the defeat of its European allies in

5550-432: Was the first country in the world to use an approved COVID-19 vaccine , developing its own vaccine through a collaboration between Oxford University and AstraZeneca , which allowed the UK's vaccine rollout to be among the fastest in the world. The total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 94,354 square miles (244,376 km ), with a land area of 93,723 square miles (242,741 km ). The country occupies

5625-421: Was the first professional tournament to use a shot clock on every shot. The official European Tour time allowances were used: a 50-second allowance for a “first to play approach shot (including a par three tee shot), chip or putt” and a 40-second allowance for a “tee shot on a par four or par five, or second or third to play approach shot, chip or putt”. Players that failed to play within these time limits incurred

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