Art of Central Asia
97-570: Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art (also known simply as (the) Baltic , stylised as BALTIC ) is a centre for contemporary art located on the south bank of the River Tyne in Gateshead , Tyne and Wear , England. It hosts a frequently changing variety of exhibitions, events, and educational programmes with no permanent exhibition. The idea to open a centre for contemporary arts in Gateshead
194-594: A RIBA award in 2003, a Civic Trust Award in 2004, and in 2006 was selected as one of the top 10 most outstanding arts and culture schemes in the UK as part of the Gulbenkian Prize . In 2012, it won the National Lottery Awards prize for Best Arts Project. The founding director, Sune Nordgren , was appointed in 1997. He oversaw the period prior to Baltic's opening, including the construction of
291-446: A firewall or firecurtain. Smoke dampers are driven by a motor, referred to as an actuator . A probe connected to the motor is installed in the run of the duct and detects smoke, either in the air which has been extracted from or is being supplied to a room, or elsewhere within the run of the duct. Once smoke is detected, the actuator will automatically close the smoke damper until it is manually re-opened. Fire dampers can be found in
388-530: A vacuum test (VT) or deposit thickness test (DTT) can be performed. A duct with less than 0.75 mg/100m is considered to be clean, per the NADCA standard. A Hong Kong standard lists surface deposit limits of 1g/m for supply and return ducts and 6g/m for exhaust ducts, or a maximum deposit thickness of 60 μm in supply and return ducts, and 180 μm for exhaust ducts. In the UK, CIBSE standard TM26 recommends duct cleaning if measured bacterial content
485-681: A 5' (1.5 m) length. It is available in diameters ranging from as small as 4" (10 cm) to as big as 18" (45 cm), but the most commonly used are even sizes ranging from 6" to 12" (15 to 30 cm). Flexible duct is very convenient for attaching supply air outlets to the rigid ductwork. It is commonly attached with long zip ties or metal band claps. However, the pressure loss is higher than for most other types of ducts. As such, designers and installers attempt to keep their installed lengths ( runs ) short, e.g. less than 15 feet (5 m) or so, and try to minimize turns. Kinks in flexible ducting must be avoided. Some flexible duct markets prefer to avoid using flexible duct on
582-539: A bit queasy". In 2011, Baltic was the venue for the Turner Prize. This was the first time the event had been held outside of London or Liverpool Tate . The Turner Prize exhibition at Baltic attracted 149,770 visitors to the gallery – almost double the average attendance in London. The event at Baltic was also free, whilst Turner exhibitions at Tate Britain had always previously charged for entry. The winning exhibit
679-615: A capital investment of £50m, including £33.4m from the Arts Council Lottery Fund, Baltic opened to the public at midnight on Saturday 13 July 2002. The novelty of opening the new building at midnight was intentional: founding director Sune Nordgren sought a dramatic gesture to herald the beginning of the new centre for arts. The inaugural exhibition, B.OPEN , had work by Chris Burden , Carsten Höller , Julian Opie , Jaume Plensa and Jane and Louise Wilson . Opie, who had previously assisted Dominic Williams with aspects of
776-696: A centre for art, rather than build a new one, and the Labour -run Gateshead Council expressed interest in converting the old Flour Mills. Gateshead Council purchased the Baltic Flour Mills silo building, and in 1994 they invited the Royal Institute of British Architects to open a competition which would find an architect to design the new arts centre. In 1994, Gateshead Council invited the Royal Institute of British Architects to hold
873-544: A competition to select a design for the conversion of the Baltic Flour Mills. The objective of the competition was to "provide a national and international Centre for Contemporary visual arts". The brief cited a number of similar examples of old buildings which had been converted into arts centres around the world, including a converted flour mill in Porto, Portugal and the Bankside Power Station in London (now
970-529: A contemporary artist" and that they "are in it for all the wrong reasons." Some competitions, awards, and prizes in contemporary art are: This table lists art movements and styles by decade. It should not be assumed to be conclusive. Ductwork Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows include, for example, supply air , return air , and exhaust air . Ducts commonly also deliver ventilation air as part of
1067-529: A foundation of concrete silos. The structure could store 22,000 tons of grain. The design of the building also featured a larger silo in which to store and clean wheat. The site was extended in 1957 by the addition of Blue Cross Mill which processed animal feed. In 1976, a fire forced both mills to close, but the silos remained in operation until 1984 to store a portion of the grain owned by the European Economic Community . Baltic Flour Mills
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#17327726624071164-489: A four-month exhibition, opened with the remaining photographs whilst Klara and Edda belly-dancing was in possession of the police. However, it closed after just nine days at the request of Elton John. Although this had a determinantal effect on Baltic's reputation in the short-term, Graham Whitham argues in Understand Contemporary Art that it may have given it a higher profile and greater publicity in
1261-515: A guide. The knife automatically trims out a groove with 45° sides which does not quite penetrate the entire depth of the duct board, thus providing a thin section acting as a hinge . The duct board can then be folded along the groove to produce 90° folds, making the rectangular duct shape in the fabricator's desired size. The duct is then closed with outward-clinching staples and special aluminum or similar metal-backed tape. Flexible ducts (also known as flex ) are typically made of flexible plastic over
1358-494: A late-1930s design by Hull -based architects Gelder and Kitchen . The first foundations were laid in the late 1930s, and although construction ceased during the Second World War , the mill was completed and started operating in 1950. Known locally as "the pride of Tyneside", 300 people were employed by the mill at its height. The building was composed of two parallel brick façades running east to west, sandwiched between
1455-484: A metal wire coil to shape a tube. They have a variety of configurations. In the United States, the insulation is usually glass wool , but other markets such as Australia, use both polyester fiber and glass wool for thermal insulation. A protective layer surrounds the insulation, and is usually composed of polyethylene or metalized PET . It is commonly sold as boxes containing 25' (7.5 m) of duct compressed into
1552-530: A more "approachable and visitor friendly place." However, Design Week reported that there were claims that Doroshenko did not deliver the expected "international programme of artistic excellence." Additionally, staff at the centre had complained about his "intolerable" and "bullying" management style. Godfrey Worsdale , founding director of the Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art , was appointed as director of Baltic in 2008. Worsdale oversaw
1649-413: A particular issue; galleries and critics are often reluctant to divide their work between the contemporary and non-contemporary. Sociologist Nathalie Heinich draws a distinction between modern and contemporary art, describing them as two different paradigms which partially overlap historically. She found that while " modern art " challenges the conventions of representation , "contemporary art" challenges
1746-403: A permanent collection of contemporary art inevitably find this aging. Many use the formulation "Modern and Contemporary Art", which avoids this problem. Smaller commercial galleries, magazines and other sources may use stricter definitions, perhaps restricting the "contemporary" to work from 2000 onwards. Artists who are still productive after a long career, and ongoing art movements , may present
1843-596: A photograph should be displayed as part of the Thanksgiving installation, a forthcoming exhibition by American photographer Nan Goldin . The photograph, along with the rest of the installation, is part of the Sir Elton John Photography Collection. Entitled Klara and Edda belly-dancing features two naked young girls and had previously been exhibited around the world without objections. The installation, which had been scheduled for
1940-460: A professional duct cleaner will remove dust , cobwebs , debris , pet hair, rodent hair and droppings, paper clips, calcium deposits, children's toys , and whatever else might collect inside. Ideally, the interior surface will be shiny and bright after cleaning. Insulated fiber glass duct liner and duct board can be cleaned with special non-metallic bristles. Fabric ducting can be washed or vacuumed using typical household appliances. Cleaning of
2037-543: Is "distinguished by the very lack of a uniform organizing principle, ideology, or - ism" that is seen in many other art periods and movements. Contemporary art does not have one, single objective or point of view, so it can be contradictory and open-ended. There are nonetheless several common themes that have appeared in contemporary works, such as identity politics , the body, globalization and migration, technology , contemporary society and culture, time and memory, and institutional and political critique. The functioning of
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#17327726624072134-480: Is a legitimate and reasonable response to much contemporary art. Brian Ashbee in an essay called "Art Bollocks" criticizes "much installation art, photography, conceptual art , video and other practices generally called post-modern" as being too dependent on verbal explanations in the form of theoretical discourse. However, the acceptance of nontraditional art in museums has increased due to changing perspectives on what constitutes an art piece. A common concern since
2231-415: Is a mechanical fusible link which is a piece of metal that will melt or break at a specified temperature. This allows the damper to close (either from gravity or spring power), effectively sealing the duct, containing the fire, and blocking the necessary air to burn. Turning vanes are installed inside of ductwork at changes of direction (e.g. at 90° turns) in order to minimize turbulence and resistance to
2328-556: Is a water-based paste that is brushed or sometimes sprayed on the seams when the duct is built. Building codes and UL standards call for special fire-resistant tapes, often with foil backings and long lasting adhesives. Automated technology exists that can seal a duct system in its entirety from the inside out using a patented process and specialized sealant. This method for duct sealing is often used in commercial construction and multi-unit residential construction. The cost associated with automated duct sealing often makes it impractical for
2425-457: Is also available, allowing it to be certified as green product. The material can also be fire retardant , which means that the fabric can still burn, but will extinguish when the heat source is removed. Fabric ducts are not rated for use in ceilings or concealed attic spaces. However, products for use in raised floor applications are available. Fabric ducting usually weighs less than other conventional ducting and will therefore put less stress on
2522-614: Is appropriate (i.e. air-permeable or not) can be made by considering if the application would require an insulated metal duct. If so, an air-permeable fabric is recommended because it will not commonly create condensation on its surface and can therefore be used where air is supplied below the dew point . Material that eliminates moisture may be healthier for the occupants. It can also be treated with an anti-microbial agent to inhibit bacterial growth. Porous material also tends to require less maintenance as it repels dust and other airborne contaminants. Fabric made of more than 50% recycled material
2619-542: Is contemporary is naturally always on the move, anchored in the present with a start date that moves forward, and the works the Contemporary Art Society bought in 1910 could no longer be described as contemporary. Particular points that have been seen as marking a change in art styles include the end of World War II and the 1960s. There has perhaps been a lack of natural break points since the 1960s, and definitions of what constitutes "contemporary art" in
2716-511: Is exhibited by professional artists at commercial contemporary art galleries , by private collectors, art auctions , corporations, publicly funded arts organizations, contemporary art museums or by artists themselves in artist-run spaces . Contemporary artists are supported by grants, awards, and prizes as well as by direct sales of their work. Career artists train at art school or emerge from other fields. There are close relationships between publicly funded contemporary art organizations and
2813-429: Is fabricated to suit by specialized metal shops. For ease of handling, it most often comes in 4' (120 cm) sections (or joints). Round duct is made using a continuous spiral forming machine which can make round duct in nearly any diameter when using the right forming die and to any length to suit, but the most common stock sizes range evenly from 4" to 24" (10-60 cm) with 6"-12" (15-30 cm) being most commonly used. Stock pipe
2910-478: Is introduced to the ductwork. Downstream of the air handler, the supply air trunk duct will commonly fork, providing air to many individual air outlets such as diffusers , grilles, and registers . When the system is designed with a main duct branching into many subsidiary branch ducts, fittings called take-offs allow a small portion of the flow in the main duct to be diverted into each branch duct. Take-offs may be fitted into round or rectangular openings cut into
3007-492: Is made of sheet metal which was installed first and then lagged with insulation. Today, a sheet metal fabrication shop would commonly fabricate the galvanized steel duct and insulate with duct wrap prior to installation. However, ductwork manufactured from rigid insulation panels does not need any further insulation and can be installed in a single step. Both polyurethane and phenolic foam panels are manufactured with factory applied aluminium facings on both sides. The thickness of
Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art - Misplaced Pages Continue
3104-402: Is more than 29 colony forming units (CFU) per 10 cm ; contamination is classified as "low" below 10 CFU/cm , "medium" at up to 20 CFU/cm , and "high" when measured above 20 CFU/cm . Air pressure combined with air duct leakage can lead to a loss of energy in a HVAC system. Sealing leaks in air ducts reduces air leakage, optimizes energy efficiency, and controls the entry of pollutants into
3201-417: Is simply beautiful." Contemporary art can sometimes seem at odds with a public that does not feel that art and its institutions share its values. In Britain, in the 1990s, contemporary art became a part of popular culture, with artists becoming stars, but this did not lead to a hoped-for "cultural utopia". Some critics like Julian Spalding and Donald Kuspit have suggested that skepticism, even rejection,
3298-492: Is usually sold in 10' (300 cm) joints. There are also 5' (150 cm) joints of the non-spiral type pipe available, which is commonly used in residential applications. Aluminium ductwork is lightweight and quick to install. Also, custom or special shapes of ducts can be easily fabricated in the shop or on site. The ductwork construction starts with the tracing of the duct outline onto the aluminium preinsulated panel. The parts are then typically cut at 45°, bent if required to obtain
3395-436: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is that "If no one in your household suffers from allergies or unexplained symptoms or illnesses and if, after a visual inspection of the inside of the ducts, you see no indication that your air ducts are contaminated with large deposits of dust or mold (no musty odor or visible mold growth), having your air ducts cleaned is probably unnecessary." A thorough duct cleaning done by
3492-743: The 10 year anniversary of Baltic and the hosting of the Turner Prize in 2011. He was awarded an honorary degree from Northumbria University in 2012 in recognition for his work on contemporary art after being on the judging panel for the Turner Prize. He departed in 2015 to take up a new post as director of the Henry Moore Foundation . Sarah Munro MBE became director in November 2015. She was previously artistic director of Tramway in Glasgow and head of arts for Glasgow Life. During
3589-507: The 2010s vary, and are mostly imprecise. Art from the past 20 years is very likely to be included, and definitions often include art going back to about 1970; "the art of the late 20th and early 21st century"; "both an outgrowth and a rejection of modern art"; "Strictly speaking, the term 'contemporary art' refers to art made and produced by artists living today"; "Art from the 1960s or [19]70s up until this very minute"; and sometimes further, especially in museum contexts, as museums which form
3686-469: The Americas Art of Oceania Contemporary art is a term used to describe the art of today, generally referring to art produced from the 1970s onwards. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced , culturally diverse , and technologically advancing world. Their art is a dynamic combination of materials , methods, concepts, and subjects that continue the challenging of boundaries that
3783-538: The BxNU Institute of Contemporary Art, a centre for artistic and curatorial research. Christine Borland was appointed as Baltic Professor. A designated gallery space, known as Baltic 39, was established on the top floor of refurbished Edwardian warehouses at 31-39 High Bridge in Newcastle. It was designed by Viennese architects Jabornegg & Palffy and housed artwork from students at the university. Baltic 39
3880-524: The North East of England "has always led, not followed" the agenda for contemporary arts, and that Baltic had been a big part of this trend. She argued that the visual arts can be used to further the economic and social growth of the area, even amidst the backdrop of political issues and austerity . Baltic also launched an international award for emerging artists in 2016, which offered a £30,000 commission and an accompanying exhibition to four recipients. It
3977-444: The North East. The 158 artists were chosen from over 540 original submissions and selected by a panel of three North East-based artists. The final pieces included paintings, drawings, and sound and video installations. At the opening of Baltic, director Sune Nordgren outlined the role of the arts centre within the public sphere. He stated that Baltic should be "a meeting place, a site for connections and confrontation between artists and
Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art - Misplaced Pages Continue
4074-460: The aforementioned gasses. A rigid phenolic insulation ductwork system is listed as a class 1 air duct to UL 181 Standard for Safety. Fiberglass duct board panels provide built-in thermal insulation and the interior surface absorbs [sound], helping to provide quiet operation of the HVAC system. The duct board is formed by sliding a specially-designed knife along the board using a straightedge as
4171-587: The air flow. The vanes guide the air so it can follow the change of direction more easily. Plenums are the central distribution and collection units for an HVAC system. The return plenum carries the air from several large return grilles (vents) or bell mouths to a central air handler. The supply plenum directs air from the central unit to the rooms which the system is designed to heat or cool. They must be carefully planned in ventilation design. While single-zone constant air volume systems typically do not have these, multi-zone systems often have terminal units in
4268-416: The airstream flows through the ductwork. There are a few types of flexible ducting - Polyurethane (PU), Aluminium & Aluminium insulated, Acoustic and Rectangular flexible ducting, as well as semi- and combi-flex. This is actually an air distribution device and is not intended as a conduit for conditioned air. The term fabric duct is therefore somewhat misleading; fabric air dispersion system would be
4365-479: The aluminium foil can vary from 25 micrometres for indoor use to 200 micrometers for external use or for higher mechanical characteristics. There are various types of rigid polyurethane foam panels available, including water formulated panel for which the foaming process is obtained through the use of water and CO 2 instead of CFC , HCFC , HFC and HC gasses. Most manufacturers of rigid polyurethane or phenolic foam panels use pentane as foaming agent instead of
4462-490: The art world is dependent on art institutions, ranging from major museums to private galleries, non-profit spaces, art schools and publishers, and the practices of individual artists, curators, writers, collectors, and philanthropists. A major division in the art world is between the for-profit and non-profit sectors, although in recent years the boundaries between for-profit private and non-profit public institutions have become increasingly blurred. Most well-known contemporary art
4559-515: The bottom of the stack, a stack boot provides a transition from an ordinary large round or rectangular duct to the thin wall-mounted duct. At the top, a stack head can provide a transition back to ordinary ducting while a register head allows the transition to a wall-mounted air register. Ducting systems must often provide a method of adjusting the volume of air flow to various parts of the system. Volume control dampers (VCDs; not to be confused with smoke/fire dampers) provide this function. Besides
4656-675: The branch ducts. Usually there is one terminal unit per thermal zone . Some types of terminal units are VAV boxes (single or dual duct), fan-powered mixing boxes (in parallel or series arrangement), and induction terminal units. Terminal units may also include a heating or cooling coil. Air terminals are the supply air outlets and return or exhaust air inlets. For supply, diffusers are most common, but grilles , and for very small HVAC systems (such as in residences) registers are also used widely. Return or exhaust grilles are used primarily for appearance reasons, but some also incorporate an air filter and are known as filter returns. The position of
4753-426: The building and allow an element of discovery. A spiral staircase winds up the building towards an open-plan office for staff. An efficient ductwork system was installed within the beams which carries heated or chilled air throughout the building. Such a design, conceived of by environmental engineers Atelier Ten, was uncommon for the time. The north and south elevations of the original building were retained along with
4850-418: The building's conversion design, contributed an installation consisting of nude outlines on the walls of floor of the gallery. Plensa's installation featured a room filled with gongs which were available for the audience to play. Plensa also contributed Blake in Gateshead – a beam of light which stretched around 2 kilometres (6,600 ft) into the sky. The installation was placed through the glass doorway of
4947-449: The building's structure. The lower weight allows for easier installation. Fabric ducts require a minimum of certain range of airflow and static pressure in order for it to work. PVC low-profile ducting has been developed as a cost-effective alternative to steel low-profile ducting. Low-profile ducting has been used extensively in apartment and hotel ventilation since 2005. The growth of low-profile ducting has grown significantly due to
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#17327726624075044-504: The building. Before sealing ducts it is imperative to ensure the total external static pressure of the duct work, and if equipment will fall within the equipment manufacturer's specifications. If not, higher energy usage and reduced equipment performance may result. Commonly available duct tape should not be used on air ducts (metal, fiberglass, or otherwise) that are intended for long-term use. The adhesive on so called duct tape dries and releases with time. A more common type of duct sealant
5141-628: The commercial sector. For instance, in 2005 the book Understanding International Art Markets and Management reported that in Britain a handful of dealers represented the artists featured in leading publicly funded contemporary art museums. Commercial organizations include galleries and art fairs. Corporations have also integrated themselves into the contemporary art world , exhibiting contemporary art within their premises, organizing and sponsoring contemporary art awards, and building up extensive corporate collections. Corporate advertisers frequently use
5238-433: The different fittings (i.e. elbows, tapers) and finally assembled with glue. Aluminium tape is applied to all seams where the external surface of the aluminium foil has been cut. A variety of flanges are available to suit various installation requirements. All internal joints are sealed with sealant. Aluminum is also used to make round spiral duct, but it is much less common than galvanized steel. Traditionally, air ductwork
5335-543: The duct system may be necessary if: In commercial settings, regular inspection of ductwork is recommended by several standards. One standard recommends inspecting supply ducts every 1–2 years, return ducts every 1–2 years, and air handling units annually. Another recommends visual inspection of internally lined ducts annually Duct cleaning should be based on the results of those inspections. Inspections are typically visual, looking for water damage or biological growth. When visual inspection needs to be validated numerically,
5432-418: The early part of the 20th century has been the question of what constitutes art. In the contemporary period (1970 to now), the concept of avant-garde may come into play in determining what artworks are noticed by galleries, museums, and collectors. The concerns of contemporary art come in for criticism too. Andrea Rosen has said that some contemporary painters "have absolutely no idea of what it means to be
5529-499: The exterior offer views of Newcastle, Gateshead and the River Tyne. A restaurant sits at the top of the building, built in a manner which still allows natural light to reach the top gallery floor. The building's interior largely features glass, concrete, aluminium, Welsh Slate , 'Cor-Ten' steel , and Swedish pine. The furniture, purposely built to be flexible and adaptable, was designed by Swedish designer Åke Axelsson. Baltic won
5626-423: The four-year construction of Baltic, the new organisation arranged a series of events, publications, and artists in residence in anticipation of the centre's opening. In 1999, after the silos had been removed and before the new floors were inserted, the shell of the building was used to house an art installation by Anish Kapoor . Taratantara was a trumpet-shaped installation of PVC 50 metres (160 ft) long and
5723-536: The gallery. After almost six years, Nordgren left to take up a new post as founding director of the National Museum for Art, Architecture and Design, Oslo, Norway . At this time, Baltic was facing financial problems. After Nordgren's departure, a former Baltic chairman accused the centre of overspending on commissions during Nordgren's tenure. Baltic's situation was described by Arts Council England as having "serious inadequacies in financial procedures". Nordgren
5820-553: The ground floor. Burden constructed a 1/20th scale replica of the Tyne Bridge out of Meccano . Jane and Louise Wilson created Dreamtime , a video of a rocket launch. An early exhibit by the Japanese artist Yoshitomo Nara was also included. The B.OPEN event attracted over 35,000 visitors in the first week. A live art performance, including Tatsumi Orimito's Bread Man and Anne Bjerge Hansen's Moving Bakery , took place during
5917-429: The importance of artist-public relationships and its role as a community hub. "Participate" initiatives encouraged people in the local community to interact with resident artists. A media learning centre in a local library was set up as an extension of Baltic's community resources. In a 2016 talk on Baltic's 10-year strategic plan (officially named Untitled ), the current director of Baltic – Sarah Munro – emphasised that
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#17327726624076014-428: The inhabitants of the building. To avoid this, vibration isolators (flexible sections) are normally inserted into the duct immediately before and after the air handler. The rubberized canvas-like material of these sections allows the air handler to vibrate without transmitting much vibration to the attached ducts. The same flexible section can reduce the noise that can occur when the blower engages and positive air pressure
6111-411: The long-run. In 2007, the largest survey of artist Beryl Cook's work to date was featured in an exhibition at Baltic. Cook enjoyed widespread recognition of her art towards the end of her life; the exhibition at Baltic took place one year before her death. Her paintings depict everyday and familiar social situations in a playful, colourful, and "portly" style. Peter Doreshenko, the director of Baltic at
6208-533: The more definitive name. However, as it often replaces hard ductwork, it is easy to perceive it simply as a duct. Usually made of polyester material, fabric ducts can provide a more even distribution and blending of the conditioned air in a given space than a conventional duct system. They may also be manufactured with vents or orifices. Fabric ducts are available in various colors, with options for silk screening or other forms of decoration, or in porous (air-permeable) and non-porous fabric. The determination which fabric
6305-413: The new contemporary arts centre in 1994. The building features exhibition spaces, a visitor centre, a rooftop restaurant and external viewing platforms which offer views of the River Tyne. Baltic's current director, the centre's fifth, is Sarah Munro, who joined in November 2015. As of January 2022, Baltic had welcomed over 8 million visitors. Baltic Flour Mills was built by Joseph Rank of Rank Hovis to
6402-481: The opening weekend, in which bread was handed out to passers-by in memory of the Baltic Flour Mill's history. When BALTIC opened, there was a target set for 250,000 visitors a year. It achieved one million visitors in its first year, and by its 10-year anniversary in 2012, 4 million people had visited. On 20 September 2007, Baltic management contacted Northumbria Police for advice regarding whether or not
6499-446: The original BALTIC FLOUR MILLS lettering and red and yellow bricks. The east and west sides were fully glazed, capturing natural light and allowing views of the River Tyne. Additionally, service towers in the corners of the building, a rooftop viewing box, and a low-rise visitor centre were completed—these now comprise part of the building's major elements. The building stands at 138 feet (42 m) tall. Glass elevators situated close to
6596-416: The past. Williams and Ellis Williams Architects stated their intention to "retain as much of the existing character and fabric of the building as possible" while also clearly presenting the structure's new purpose as an art gallery. The conversion of the flour mills was a complex and technically challenging task. The grain silos were removed, leaving the brick façades unsupported, and a 1,000 tonne steel frame
6693-554: The prestige associated with contemporary art and coolhunting to draw the attention of consumers to luxury goods . The institutions of art have been criticized for regulating what is designated as contemporary art. Outsider art , for instance, is literally contemporary art, in that it is produced in the present day. However, one critic has argued it is not considered so because the artists are self-taught and are thus assumed to be working outside of an art historical context. Craft activities, such as textile design, are also excluded from
6790-787: The public." In an October 2002 lecture at the Power Plant Gallery in Toronto , Nordgren reaffirmed the importance of local outreach and explained his intention for Baltic to regard the local history and culture, comparing his intention to examples of modern art museums where this was not considered, such as the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao (designed in Los Angeles and placed in Spain). From its inception, Baltic emphasised
6887-406: The realm of contemporary art, despite large audiences for exhibitions. Art critic Peter Timms has said that attention is drawn to the way that craft objects must subscribe to particular values in order to be admitted to the realm of contemporary art. "A ceramic object that is intended as a subversive comment on the nature of beauty is more likely to fit the definition of contemporary art than one that
6984-489: The reduction of available space in ceiling cavities in an effort to reduce cost. Since the Grenfell Tower fire in 2017 there has been a rise in the discovery of non-compliant building materials; many PVC low-profile ducting manufacturers have struggled to gain or maintain compliance, and some building projects have had to resort back to using the more expensive steel option. The finish for external ductwork exposed to
7081-410: The regulation provided at the registers or diffusers that spread air into individual rooms, dampers can be fitted within the ducts themselves. These dampers may be manual or automatic. Zone dampers provide automatic control in simple systems while variable air volume (VAV) allows control in sophisticated systems. Smoke dampers and fire dampers are found in ductwork where the duct passes through
7178-430: The return air portions of HVAC systems, however flexible duct can tolerate moderate negative pressures . The UL181 test requires a negative pressure of 200 Pa. To use flexible ducting in a system, make sure to pull the duct tight so you get the full internal diameter. This reduces resistance and improves airflow, as well as ventilation efficiency. Minimize bends and kinks as much as possible, since they can affect how well
7275-760: The revitalisation and post-industrial regeneration of Gateshead's riverside. The regeneration began in the early 1990s and transformed the Quayside into a centre of modern architecture, including the Sage and Millennium Bridge. In 1991, Northern Arts (now part of Arts Council England ) released a five-year plan in which it stated its intention to create "major new capital facilities for the Contemporary Visual Arts and Music in Central Tyneside". Northern Arts were keen to convert an old building into
7372-409: The same places as smoke dampers, depending on the application of the area after the firewall. Unlike smoke dampers, they are not triggered by any electrical system (which is an advantage in case of an electrical failure where the smoke dampers would fail to close). Vertically mounted fire dampers are gravity operated, while horizontal fire dampers are spring powered. A fire damper's most important feature
7469-466: The site of the Tate Modern ). After evaluating a total of 140 entries, Dominic Williams – a relatively unknown architect who had only been working for three years – won the competition. He entered the competition with Ellis Williams Architects, his father's firm. Andrew Guest remarks that this "simple, honest, industrial" design was an example of architecture which recognised the designs and context of
7566-468: The supply air. As such, air ducts are one method of ensuring acceptable indoor air quality as well as thermal comfort . A duct system is also called ductwork . Planning (laying out), sizing, optimizing, detailing, and finding the pressure losses through a duct system is called duct design . Ducts can be made out of the following materials: They are Galvanized mild steel is the standard and most common material used in fabricating ductwork because
7663-535: The term were founded in the 1930s, such as in 1938 the Contemporary Art Society of Adelaide , Australia , and an increasing number after 1945. Many, like the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston changed their names from ones using "modern art" in this period, as Modernism became defined as a historical art movement , and much "modern" art ceased to be "contemporary". The definition of what
7760-532: The terms modern art and contemporary art by non-specialists. The classification of "contemporary art" as a special type of art, rather than a general adjectival phrase, goes back to the beginnings of Modernism in the English-speaking world. In London , the Contemporary Art Society was founded in 1910 by the critic Roger Fry and others, as a private society for buying works of art to place in public museums. A number of other institutions using
7857-561: The time of the exhibition, Chicago was in her 80s. Hannah Clugston of The Guardian noted that the more recent featured works embraced the theme of death, particularly End: A Meditation on Death and Extinction , which is based on the stages of grief . In March 2020, Baltic announced it would be closing due to the COVID-19 pandemic until further notice. In May 2021, it reopened to visitors with four exhibitions. Baltic Open Submission featured works created during lockdown by 158 artists from
7954-489: The time of the exhibition, was keen for the gallery to reject the seriousness audiences may associate with it. The exhibition of Cook's work was part of this populist effort to attract new audiences to the then financially-struggling gallery, whose visitor numbers had dropped to less than 500,000 and whose reputation was decreasing. Adrian Searle of The Guardian reviewed the exhibition and, whilst acknowledging that fans would enjoy it, commented "look too long and you may feel
8051-468: The very notion of an artwork . She regards Duchamp 's Fountain (which was made in the 1910s in the midst of the triumph of modern art) as the starting point of contemporary art, which gained momentum after World War II with Gutai 's performances, Yves Klein 's monochromes and Rauschenberg 's Erased de Kooning Drawing . Contemporary artwork is characterised by diversity: diversity of material, of form, of subject matter, and even time periods. It
8148-636: The wall of the main duct. The take-off commonly has many small metal tabs that are then bent to attach the take-off to the main duct. Round versions are called spin-in fittings . Other take-off designs use a snap-in attachment method, sometimes coupled with an adhesive foam gasket for improved sealing. The outlet of the take-off then connects to the rectangular, oval, or round branch duct. Ducts, especially in homes, must often allow air to travel vertically within relatively thin walls. These vertical ducts are called stacks and are formed with either very wide and relatively thin rectangular sections or oval sections. At
8245-449: The weather can be sheet steel coated with aluminium or an aluminium/zinc alloy, a multilayer laminate, a fibre reinforced polymer or other waterproof coating. Besides the ducts themselves, complete ducting systems contain many other components. A duct system often begins at an air handler . The blowers in the air handler can create substantial vibration , and the large area of the duct system would transmit this noise and vibration to
8342-459: The zinc coating of this metal prevents rusting and avoids cost of painting. For insulation purposes, metal ducts are typically lined with faced fiberglass blankets (duct liner) or wrapped externally with fiberglass blankets (duct wrap). When necessary, a double walled duct is used. This will usually have an inner perforated liner, then a 1–2" (2.5-5 cm) layer of fiberglass insulation contained inside an outer solid pipe. Rectangular ductwork commonly
8439-460: Was already well underway in the 20th century. Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art as a whole is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform, organising principle, ideology, or " -ism ". Contemporary art is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual frameworks such as personal and cultural identity, family, community, and nationality. In English, modern and contemporary are synonyms , resulting in some conflation and confusion of
8536-481: Was also solidified by the publication of 16 newsletters between October 1998 and July 2002 when the centre opened to the public. A significant part of this branding was the use of the now registered typeface BALTIC Affisch , designed by Swedish designers Ulf Greger Nilsson and Henrik Nygren and based on the BALTIC FLOUR MILLS lettering on the building's brick façade. After ten years in the planning and
8633-778: Was based at High Bridge from 2012 to 2021. Their annual Self-Publishing Artists’ Market (aka S.P.A.M.) takes the form of a lively programme exploring print culture and practice through talks and workshops with over 50 stalls selling zines and artists’ books. S.P.A.M. Spreads reimagines the market in printed form and has included contributions by artists, activists, illustrators, zine-makers, writers and curators including Vanessa Murrell , Melody Sproates, Okocha Obasi, Stephanie Francis-Shanahan. 54°58′09″N 1°35′52″W / 54.96917°N 1.59778°W / 54.96917; -1.59778 Contemporary art Art of East Asia Art of South Asia Art of Southeast Asia Art of Europe Art of Africa Art of
8730-744: Was briefly succeeded by Stephen Snoddy , who had previously run a new gallery in Milton Keynes . Snoddy only remained with the organisation for 11 months, citing difficulties in leaving his family behind in Manchester while working at Baltic. He was succeeded as director by Peter Doroshenko in 2005. Doroshenko's previous institutions included the Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst and the Institute of Visual Arts in Milwaukee . He
8827-588: Was brought to Baltic to increase visitor numbers and resolve the centre's financial situation, which was criticised by Arts Council England and an insider as being chaotic. Doroshenko organized several exhibitions during his time at Baltic, including Spank the Monkey . In November 2007, Doroshenko left the gallery to head up the PinchukArtCentre in Kyiv, Ukraine. He stated that he believed he had made Baltic
8924-528: Was by Martin Boyce with the runners-up being Karla Black , Hilary Lloyd and George Shaw . The first major retrospective of American artist Judy Chicago's work was exhibited in Baltic from November 2019 to April 2020. The exhibition included her abstract paintings, records of performance pieces, and began and ended with a four-metre tapestry which portrayed the creation the world from a woman's perspective. At
9021-514: Was developed in the 1990s, which was a time of regeneration for the local area—the Sage and Gateshead Millennium Bridge was also being conceived of in this period. Baltic opened in July 2002 in a converted flour mill, which had operated in various capacities from 1950 to 1984. The architectural design of Baltic was devised by Dominic Williams of Ellis Williams Architects, who won a competition to design
9118-503: Was one of a number of mills located along the banks of the Tyne, all of which, due to their size, were prominent local landmarks. The Spillers mill just downstream from Baltic on the north bank of the river was demolished in 2011. Another large mill was owned by the CWS and was located just upstream of Dunston Staiths . The opening of Baltic as a designated centre for contemporary art was part of
9215-441: Was required to support the remaining building. Four new main floors were inserted into the building supported by a row of pillars. Intermediary floors made out of steel frames and thin concrete were also inserted. These were designed to be removable as to adapt the building and create variable spaces for art. With 13 separate levels in total, Williams claimed he purposefully wanted to create a sense of disorientation for visitors within
9312-429: Was situated within the centre of the mill. This installation drew 16,000 visitors and marked a turning point between the building's old purpose and its new life as a centre for art. In October 2000, Jenny Holzer's Truisms – a series of aphorisms and slogans – were projected onto the side of the building. Kapoor and Holtzer's works were intended to engage casual passers-by in an artistic dialogue. The identity of Baltic
9409-504: Was the first such competition in the UK to be judged entirely by artists: in 2017, they were Monica Bonvicini , Lorna Simpson , Pedro Cabrita Reis and Mike Nelson . Munro commented that the award was to foster "a dialogue with our audiences at a local, national and international level." Local university partnerships and graduate internships are also important to Baltic's community and cultural influence. In 2011, Baltic and Northumbria University established an artistic partnership through
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