World cinema is a term in film theory in the United States that refers to films made outside of the American motion picture industry , particularly those in opposition to the aesthetics and values of commercial American cinema. The Third Cinema of Latin America and various national cinemas are commonly identified as part of world cinema. The term has been criticized for Americentrism and for ignoring the diversity of different cinematic traditions around the world.
36-708: The BFI National Archive is a department of the British Film Institute , and one of the largest film archives in the world. It was founded as the National Film Library in 1935; its first curator was Ernest Lindgren . In 1955, its name became the National Film Archive , and, in 1992, the National Film and Television Archive . It was renamed BFI National Archive in 2006. It collects, preserves, restores, and shares
72-473: A documentary film shot on Nokia N90 , directed by Barbara Seghezzi and Marcello Mencarini in 2005 from Italy ; Why Didn't Anybody Tell Me It Would Become This Bad in Afghanistan , a docufiction film shot on Samsung , directed by Cyrus Frisch in 2007 from Netherlands ; SMS Sugar Man , a narrative film shot on Sony Ericsson W900i , directed by Aryan Kaganof in 2008 from South Africa ; Veenavaadanam
108-676: A limited release and many are never played in major cinemas. As such the marketing, popularity and gross takings for these films are usually markedly less than for typical Hollywood blockbusters . The combination of subtitles and minimal exposure adds to the notion that "World Cinema" has an inferred artistic prestige or intelligence, which may discourage less sophisticated viewers. Additionally, differences in cultural style and tone between foreign and domestic films affects attendance at cinemas and DVD sales. Foreign language films can be commercial, low brow or B-movies . Furthermore, foreign language films can cross cultural boundaries, particularly when
144-623: A number of television series featuring footage from the BFI National Archive, in partnership with the BBC , including The Lost World of Mitchell & Kenyon , The Lost World of Friese-Greene and The Lost World of Tibet . The BFI has also produced contemporary artists' moving image work, most notably through the programme of the BFI Gallery , which was located at BFI Southbank from March 2007 to March 2011. The programme of
180-488: A record of contemporary life and manners, to promote education about film, television and the moving image generally, and their impact on society, to promote access to and appreciation of the widest possible range of British and world cinema and to establish, care for and develop collections reflecting the moving image history and heritage of the United Kingdom. The BFI maintains the world's largest film archive ,
216-540: A streaming service called BFI Player. This streaming service offers a variety of niche and art films. The institute was founded in 1933. Despite its foundation resulting from a recommendation in a report on Film in National Life , at that time the institute was a private company, though it has received public money throughout its history. This came from the Privy Council and Treasury until 1965, and from
252-754: Is Jay Hunt , a television executive, who took up the post in February 2024. Governors, including the Chair, are appointed by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport . The BFI operates with three sources of income. The largest is public money allocated by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport . For the year 2021–22, the BFI received £74.31m from the DCMS as Grant-in-Aid funding. The second largest source
288-425: Is also the distributor for all Lottery funds for film (in 2011–12 this amounted to c.£25m). As well as its work on film, the BFI also devotes a large amount of its time to the preservation and study of British television programming and its history. In 2000, it published a high-profile list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes , as voted for by a range of industry figures. The delayed redevelopment of
324-599: Is being supported by the Department for Education in England who have committed £1m per annum funding from April 2012 and 31 March 2015. It is also funded through the National Lottery , Creative Scotland and Northern Ireland Screen . On 29 November 2016, the BFI announced that over 100,000 television programmes are to be digitised before the video tapes, which currently have an estimated five-to-six-year shelf life, become unusable. The BFI aims to make sure that
360-469: Is commercial activity such as receipts from ticket sales at BFI Southbank or the BFI London IMAX theatre (£5m in 2007), sales of DVDs, etc. Thirdly, grants and sponsorship of around £5m are obtained from various sources, including National Lottery funding grants, private sponsors and through donations ( J. Paul Getty, Jr. , who died in 2003, left the BFI a legacy of around £1m in his will). The BFI
396-481: Is the base for much of the restoration work, while approximately 140 million feet of unstable nitrate film and all the master film collection held on acetate or other media is kept separately at a BFI storage site at Gaydon in Warwickshire . Film preservation is an ongoing project among filmmakers, historians, archivists, museums, and nonprofit organisations to rescue deteriorating film stock and preserve
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#1732765104576432-491: The BFI National Archive , previously called National Film Library (1935–1955), National Film Archive (1955–1992), and National Film and Television Archive (1993–2006). The archive contains more than 50,000 fiction films, over 100,000 non-fiction titles, and around 625,000 television programmes. The majority of the collection is British material but it also features internationally significant holdings from around
468-536: The UK Film Council persuaded the government that there should only be one main public-funded body for film, and that body should be the UKFC, while the BFI should be abolished. In 2010, the government announced that there would be a single body for film. Despite intensive lobbying (including, controversially, using public funding to pay public relations agencies to put its case forward), the UKFC failed to persuade
504-635: The films and television programmes which have helped to shape and record British life and times since the development of cine film in the late 19th century. The majority of the collection is British originated material, but it also features internationally significant holdings from around the world. The Archive also collects films which feature key British actors and the work of British directors. The collections themselves are accommodated on several sites. The J. Paul Getty, Jr. Conservation Centre in Berkhamsted , Hertfordshire , named after its benefactor,
540-716: The BFI National Archive was founded as the National Film Library in 1935 by Ernest Lindgren , who was the first curator. The BFI National Archive now comprises over 275,000 titles in total consisting of feature, non-fiction, short films (dating from 1894), 210,000 television programmes and some artists' films. It is one of the largest film collections in the world. Notable collections include: The archive holds 20,000 silent films including, Cecil Hepworth 's Alice in Wonderland (1903), and actively collects artists' moving images. In addition to moving image materials
576-548: The BFI provided funding for new and experimental film-makers via the BFI Production Board . The institute received a royal charter in 1983. This was updated in 2000, and in the same year the newly established UK Film Council took responsibility for providing the BFI's annual grant-in-aid (government subsidy). As an independent registered charity, the BFI is regulated by the Charity Commission and
612-467: The BFI stated that it would be re-sited. This did not happen, and MOMI's closure became permanent in 2002 when it was decided to redevelop the South Bank site. This redevelopment was itself then further delayed. The BFI is currently managed on a day-to-day basis by its chief executive, Ben Roberts. Supreme decision-making authority rests with a chair and a board of up to 15 governors. The current chair
648-405: The BFI's programme of artists' moving image commissions, most notably through the programme of the BFI Gallery , the contemporary art space dedicated to artists' moving image active at BFI Southbank between 2007 and 2011. British Film Institute The British Film Institute ( BFI ) is a film and television charitable organisation which promotes and preserves film-making and television in
684-615: The English-dubbed versions of Shaolin Soccer and Hero in the United States cinemas, their English-dubbed versions scored badly in test screenings in the United States, so Miramax finally released the films in United States cinemas with their original language. After the launching of high pixel camera phones , these are being widely used for filmmaking. The early films, made with camera phones are: New Love Meetings ,
720-565: The National Film Theatre finally took place in 2007, creating in the rebranded "BFI Southbank" new education spaces, a contemporary art gallery dedicated to the moving image (the BFI Gallery ), and a pioneering mediatheque which for the first time enabled the public to gain access, free of charge, to some of the otherwise inaccessible treasures in the National Film & Television Archive. The mediatheque has proved to be
756-675: The Privy Council. In 1988, the BFI opened the London Museum of the Moving Image (MOMI) on the South Bank . MOMI was acclaimed internationally and set new standards for education through entertainment, but it did not receive the high levels of continuing investment that might have enabled it to keep pace with technological developments and ever-rising audience expectations. The museum was "temporarily" closed in 1999 when
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#1732765104576792-611: The Special Collections hold the records of filmmakers and institutions. Significant collections include: Films and television programmes are acquired mainly by donation or, in the case of independent television, via funding direct from the TV companies. Emphasis is placed on British productions but whenever possible important and popular movies from overseas are also acquired. Films from the Archive have also acted as material for
828-518: The Studio) shows films from all over the world, particularly critically acclaimed historical and specialised films that may not otherwise get a cinema showing. The BFI also distributes archival and cultural cinema to other venues – each year to more than 800 venues all across the UK, as well as to a substantial number of overseas venues. The BFI offers a range of education initiatives, in particular to support
864-516: The United Kingdom. The BFI uses funds provided by the National Lottery to encourage film production, distribution, and education. It is sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport , and partially funded under the British Film Institute Act 1949 . The BFI was established in 1933 to encourage the development of the arts of film, television and the moving image throughout the United Kingdom, to promote their use as
900-523: The exception of anime films). The 1982 United States theatrical release of Wolfgang Petersen's Das Boot was the last major release to go out in both original and English-dubbed versions, and the film's original version actually grossed much higher than the English-dubbed version. Later on, English-dubbed versions of international hits like Un indien dans la ville , Godzilla 2000 , Anatomy , Pinocchio and High Tension flopped at United States box office. When Miramax planned to release
936-655: The gallery resulted in several new commissions by leading artists, including projects which engaged directly with the BFI National Archive, among which are Patrick Keiller 's 'The City of the Future', Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard 's 'RadioMania: An Abandoned Work' and Deimantas Narkevicious' 'Into the Unknown'. The Gallery also initiated projects by film-makers such as Michael Snow , Apichatpong Weerasethakul , Jane and Louise Wilson and John Akomfrah . The BFI also operates
972-419: The government that it should have that role and, instead, the BFI took over most of the UKFC's functions and funding from 1 April 2011, with the UKFC being subsequently abolished. Since then, the BFI has been responsible for all Lottery funding for film—originally in excess of £25m p.a., and currently in excess of £40m p.a. The BFI Film Academy forms part of the BFI's overall 5–19 Education Scheme. The programme
1008-587: The monthly Sight & Sound magazine, as well as films on Blu-ray , DVD and books. It runs the BFI National Library (a reference library), and maintains the BFI Film & TV Database and Summary of Information on Film and Television (SIFT), which are databases of credits, synopses and other information about film and television productions. SIFT has a collection of about 7 million still frames from film and television. The BFI has co-produced
1044-595: The most successful element of this redevelopment, and there are plans to roll out a network of them across the UK. An announcement of a £25 million capital investment in the Strategy for UK Screen Heritage was made by Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport at the opening night of the 2007 London Film Festival. The bulk of this money paid for long overdue development of the BFI National Archive facilities in Hertfordshire and Warwickshire. During 2009,
1080-542: The recorded image. In recent years the BFI National Archive has completed a number of much anticipated restorations of a diverse range of film titles. This has included the Mitchell and Kenyon collection, which consists almost entirely of actuality films commissioned by travelling fairground operators for showing at local fairgrounds or other venues across the UK in the early part of the twentieth century. Other notable recent restorations include: The collection now known as
1116-558: The teaching of film and media studies in schools. In late 2012, the BFI received money from the Department for Education to create the BFI Film Academy Network for young people aged between 16 and 25. A residential scheme is held at the NFTS every year. The BFI runs the annual London Film Festival along with BFI Flare: London LGBT Film Festival and the youth-orientated Future Film Festival . The BFI publishes
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1152-869: The television archive is still there in 200 years' time. The BFI announced in February 2021 that it is teaming up with American diversity and inclusion program #StartWith8Hollywood founded by Thuc Doan Nguyen to make it global. The BFI is currently chaired by Jay Hunt and run by CEO Ben Roberts. World cinema World cinema has an unofficial implication of films with "artistic value" as opposed to "Hollywood commercialism." Foreign language films are often grouped with " art house films " and other independent films in DVD stores, cinema listings etc. Unless dubbed into one's native language, foreign language films played in English-speaking regions usually have English subtitles . Few films of this kind receive more than
1188-703: The various culture departments since then. The institute was restructured following the Radcliffe Report of 1948, which recommended that it should concentrate on developing the appreciation of filmic art, rather than creating film itself. Thus control of educational film production passed to the National Committee for Visual Aids in Education and the British Film Academy assumed control for promoting production. From 1952 to 2000,
1224-528: The visual spectacle and style is sufficient to overcome people's misgivings. Films of this type became more common in the early 2000s, as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon , Amélie , Brotherhood of the Wolf , Y Tu Mama Tambien and Talk to Her enjoyed great successes in United States cinemas and home video sales. The first foreign and foreign language film to top the North American box office
1260-791: The world. The Archive also collects films which feature key British actors and the work of British directors. The BFI runs the BFI Southbank (formerly the National Film Theatre (NFT)) and the BFI IMAX cinema, both located on the south bank of the River Thames in London. The IMAX has the largest cinema screen in the UK and shows popular recent releases and short films showcasing its technology, which includes IMAX 70mm screenings, IMAX 3D screenings and 11,600 watts of digital surround sound. BFI Southbank (the National Film Theatre screens and
1296-487: Was Hero in August 2004. "The rule for foreign-language films is that if you've done $ 5 million or better (in United States cinemas), you've had a very nice success; if you do $ 10 (million) or better (in United States cinemas), you're in blockbuster category," Warner Independent Pictures ex-president Mark Gill said in 2009. On the other hand, English-dubbed foreign films rarely did well in United States box office (with
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