Marie de Berry (c. 1375 – June 1434) was suo jure Duchess of Auvergne and Countess of Montpensier in 1416–1434. She was the daughter of John, Duke of Berry , and Joanna of Armagnac . She was married three times. She acted as administrator of the Duchy of Bourbon for her third spouse John I, Duke of Bourbon , during his imprisonment in England after he was captured following the French defeat at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, until 1434.
26-424: The House of Bourbon-Montpensier or Maison de Bourbon-Montpensier was a semi royal family. The name of Bourbon comes from a marriage between Marie de Valois, comtesse de Montpensier (1375–1434) who married Jean de Bourbon - the duc de Bourbon . The second name of Montpensier , comes from the title of the family. The Bourbon-Montpensier family were the founders of the vast wealth that would later be enjoyed by
52-550: A courtesy title by other members of the House of Orléans: Before the title was given to the Orléans Family , the title was the main on used by the holder. By the time of the marriage of Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier and a Prince du Sang , Gaston, Duke of Orléans , a whole collection of titles had been collected and used. These ones were: Note:Most of the titles were used in their feminine forms because most of
78-406: A large and specialized collection. Bibliophiles usually possess books they love or that hold special value, as well as old editions with unusual bindings, autographed , or illustrated copies. "Bibliophile" is an appropriate term for a minority of those who are book collectors . Bibliophilia is not to be confused with bibliomania , a potential symptom of obsessive–compulsive disorder involving
104-536: Is memorable due to the competition between "Lord Spencer and the marquis of Blandford [which] drove [the price of a probable first edition of Boccaccio's Decameron up to the astonishing and unprecedented sum of £2,260". J. P. Morgan was also a noted bibliophile. In 1884, he paid $ 24,750 ($ 772,130.92, adjusted for inflation for 2021) for a 1459 edition of the Mainz Psalter . Many bibliophiles such as Jay I. Kislak , donate their collections to libraries. In
130-676: Is the love of books. A bibliophile or bookworm is an individual who loves and frequently reads or collects books. Bibliophiles may have large, specialized book collections. They may highly value old editions, autographed copies, or illustrated versions. Bibliophilia is distinct from bibliomania , a compulsive obsession to collect books which can affect interpersonal relationships or health. The term "bibliophile" has been in use since 1820 and has been associated with historical figures like Lord Spencer and J.P. Morgan , who were known for their extensive book collections. The classic bibliophile loves to read, admire and collect books, often amassing
156-504: Is to be distinguished from the much older notion of a bookman (which dates back to 1583), who is one who loves books, and especially reading ; more generally, a bookman is one who participates in writing, publishing, or selling books. Lord Spencer and the Marquess of Blandford were noted bibliophiles. "The Roxburghe sale quickly became a foundational myth for the burgeoning secondhand book trade, and remains so to this day"; this sale
182-467: The Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry , a lavishly-illustrated manuscript made for her father in the years after his sons' deaths. In the illustration for the month of April, the young noblemen and women in the foreground are grouped around a couple agreeing to be married. According to Patricia Stirnemann, referencing Saint-Jean Boudin, the scene, although not painted until about 1410, depicts
208-526: The House of Orléans and their cousins the Bourbon-Penthièvres . The main line was founded by a marriage between John I, Duke of Bourbon and Marie de Valois, comtesse de Montpensier . The title was transferred down the line, mainly by females. The most famous examples of holders of the title of duc de Montpensier were: This semi royal house was in existence for just over two centuries. On
234-471: The House of Orléans and then the Bourbon-Penthièvre family financially. The latter getting most of it through the death and inheritances from their cousins the du Maines. They went on to be absorbed by the House of Orléans via a marriage and no male heirs. On the death of Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, the title was used exclusively by the main members on the house. The first person to hold
260-588: The Orléans family . Marie, Duchess of Auvergne Marie was born about the year 1375, the youngest daughter of John "the Magnificent", Duke of Berry and Joanna of Armagnac. Through her father, a great collector of antiquities, art patron and bibliophile , she was a granddaughter of King John II of France . She had three brothers, Charles, Louis, and John ; and one older sister, Bonne . The first of Marie's three marriages took place on 29 May 1386 in
286-526: The Cathedral of Saint-Etienne at Bourges : aged about 11, Marie married Louis III de Châtillon as her first husband. Marie's father gave her a dowry of 70,000 francs; he gave Louis, his son-in-law, the county of Dunois . The marriage and trousseau had been arranged by the two fathers in 1384: "A Duke will dress her, in bed and out of it, and a Count will put the jewels on her", John Duke of Berry and Guy Count de Blois-Châtillon agreed. The festivities at
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#1732765848078312-593: The Saracens"), his body was brought back to Eu , his home town, and Marie gave an endowment of £100 annually to the Collegial Church of Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Laurent for a mass to be celebrated there on 17 June each year in his memory. Their eldest son, Philippe, died on 23 December in the same year and is also buried in Eu. Jointly with her widowed sister-in-law, Jeanne of Thouars , Marie was appointed guardian of
338-675: The Virgin Mary. The manuscript is now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France . Marie also selected approximately 40 manuscripts from among her father's collection on his death, as she was still owed the 70,000 franc dowry from her second marriage. All three of Marie's brothers were dead before 1400, which explains the complexity of the negotiations for her third marriage: she and her elder sister Bonne were to be heirs to John of Berry's titles, which required royal assent. John of Berry died on 15 June 1416 (by which time Marie's husband
364-588: The centre the Palais de la Cité where Marie's wedding took place. A manuscript made for Marie's own use and presented to her in 1406 survives today as BnF, fr. 926. It is a short collection of Christian devotional works, beginning with Bonaventure 's Stimulus amoris , translated into French by Simon de Courcy as the Traitieé de l'esguillon d'amour divine . It includes a miniature of Marie and her daughter Bonne (aged about ten at this time) kneeling in prayer before
390-494: The collecting of books to the extent that interpersonal relations or health may be negatively affected, and in which the mere fact that a physical object is a book is sufficient for it to be collected or beloved. According to Arthur H. Minters, the "private collecting of books was a fashion indulged in by many Romans , including Cicero and Atticus ". The term bibliophile entered the English language in 1820. A bibliophile
416-626: The death of Anne, Duchess of Montpensier, many of her titles, lands and wealth went to the House of Orléans . Her cousin Philippe de France, duc d'Orléans was the founder of the modern House of Orléans and was her sole heir. As a result of this vast inheritance, the Orléans family became very wealthy. Their wealth only increased when the Bourbon-Penthièvre married into the family in 1769. The title Duke of Montpensier has been used as
442-432: The engagement of Marie with John of Bourbon in 1401. Raymond Cazelles disputes this, arguing that the couple are Marie's niece Bonne of Armagnac and Charles, Duke of Orléans , who were to marry in 1411. A May Day celebration among nobles takes place in the foreground of the illustration for the month of May. Details appear to confirm that the house of Bourbon is represented. Both Cazelles and Stirnemann believe that
468-503: The festivities, while her father gave her a dowry of 70,000 francs. They had two sons and two daughters. The King appointed Philip Constable in 1392. Philippe went on Crusade and fought alongside his friend Jean Le Maingre ("Boucicaut"), marshal of France at the disastrous Battle of Nicopolis on 25 September 1396. Both were captured, and Philip died some months later in captivity at Micalizo , now called Mihalıççık, in western Turkey . After Philippe's death inter Sarracenos ("among
494-467: The holders of the titles were women. On the death of Marie de Bourbon, duchesse de Montpensier in 1627, less than a month after the birth of her daughter Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, duchesse de Montpensier the family wealth had grown astonishingly. After her mother's death, Anne became the heiress to one of the largest fortunes in, probably, Europe. Unfortunately she died with no heirs. Even though she could have been Queen of various countries, she
520-701: The three surviving children of her marriage with Philippe: Charles , Bonne and Catherine. Aged about three, Charles succeeded his father as Count of Eu. His revenues were held for him until he came of age by three trustees: Marie herself, her father, and her uncle Philip the Bold , Duke of Burgundy. Marie married her third husband John of Bourbon at the "King's Palace" (the Palais de la Cité ) in Paris on 21 June 1401. The contract had been signed at Paris on 27 May 1400 after complex negotiations. They had three children. He
546-459: The title of duc de Montpensier was Philippe de France and the title is often said to have been inherited by his wife Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine , duchesse d'Orléans . Even so, she did not hold the title in her own right but as the wife of the duke of Montpensier. The title passed down the line of the Orléans family and is now used as a courtesy title by the pretender to the Throne of
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#1732765848078572-519: The wedding de ces jeunes enfants ("of these young children") are described in Jean Froissart 's Chronicles . There were no children from this marriage, and Louis died on 15 July 1391. On 27 January 1393 a marriage contract was drawn up for Marie and Philip of Artois, Count of Eu . They were married the next month at the Palais du Louvre in Paris; King Charles VI of France himself paid for
598-472: The woman seen in the foreground, riding on a white horse and wearing a large white headdress, is Marie on the occasion of her marriage on 21 June 1401. These scholars do not agree as to which of the accompanying men is John of Bourbon. The buildings in the background have been variously identified, but G. Papertiant suggests that they are the Châtelet , Conciergerie and Tour de l'Horloge in Paris , and at
624-728: Was already a prisoner in England). Marie was accordingly appointed Duchess of Auvergne and Countess of Montpensier on 26 April 1418; these titles were confirmed in 1425. On 17 January 1421, her husband appointed her administrator of his estates as well. He died a prisoner in London in January 1434. Marie died in Lyon on an unknown date in June of the same year. She was buried at Souvigny Priory. Bibliophilia Bibliophilia or bibliophilism
650-465: Was appointed Grand Chamberlain of France on 18 March 1408 and succeeded his father as Duke of Bourbon on 19 August 1410. Marie's father had persuaded King Charles VI not to fight at the battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415, but Marie's husband did fight, was captured, and spent the rest of his life in English captivity. Marie is believed to be depicted in one or possibly two full-page miniatures in
676-512: Was happy being a Princesse du Sang in France and having her various residences at her disposal. She died in 1693 and most of her fortune went to her other royal cousin Philippe de France , duc d'Orléans . Even though some of her titles had gone to Louis-Auguste de Bourbon , the founder of the illegitimate line of Bourbon du Maine , as a result of a scam by his mother Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan . Her vast wealth helped to found
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